Illustrate and discuss comparatively the national and local budget process. Include the reviewing authority of all LGU levels. b.) Discuss briefly the process and documents required in a Barangay Budgeting Process. Include the calendar. C.) What are existing and continuing appropriation? How about automatic appropriation? Define each. provide legal bases and explain its rationale. 6. […]

The Public Financial Management (PFM) Reform Program aims to improve efficiency. accountability and transparency in public fund use in order to ensure the direct. immediate. substantial and economical delivery of public services especially to the poor. The Program Implements the key strategies of the Philippine PFM Reform Roadmap: Towards Improved Accountability and Transparency (2011-2016). a […]

Statute 100:38 reads:  “Parties to a child custody dispute shall attempt mediation before filing a custody order to the court.” 9. Please apply the following facts to the above statute explaining in detail whether or not the statute has been violated.  Susan and her husband, Eric are involved in a heated custody dispute over their […]

Statute 200:501 reads:  “A lawyer may not permit his paralegal to represent a client in litigation or other adversary proceedings or to perform otherwise prohibited functions unless authorized by statute, court rule or decision, administrative rule or regulation or customary practice.” 10.      Please apply the following facts to the above statute explaining in […]

Statute 102:12 reads: “While representing a client in connection with contemplated or pending litigation, a lawyer shall not advance or guarantee financial assistance to his client, except a lawyer may advance or guarantee court costs, medical expenses or expenses of investigation.” Please apply the following facts to the above statute explaining in detail whether or […]

Depending on your focus, K-12 or Higher Education, select one of the Supreme Court cases listed below. Discuss the main points of  Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe (2000).  And connecting it to one of the U.S. Department of Education Guidelines for School Prayer and Religious Study found in our text, Today’s Guide to […]

In the Philippines there are practices by some ethnic groups that they considered as moral or good but frown by other groups as immoral, uncivilized or simply unacceptable. Example, tribal war, pangayaw, dog eating. If you are a police officer assigned to a place where some of these practices are observed what will you do?

Carol, an owner of an exclusive bicycle shop advertised a special limited-edition bicycle for sale, and invited the public to make offers for the bicycle. Jane and Portia were among many other people who submitted written offers for the bicycle. Jane’s offer was for R150 000, and Portia’s offer was for R190 000. Although Carol […]

On 1 June M and Q conclude a contract whereby M undertakes to manufacture and install kitchen cupboards in Q’s home for R100 000. At the time of entering into the contract, both parties were aware that the price of timber used for manufacturing kitchen cupboards was going to go up by 20% from 1 […]

Austrian judiciary: legal framework and general principles. Elements of the Austrian judicial system. 2. Organisation and jurisdiction of ordinary courts in Austria: district courts, regional courts, higher regional courts, the Supreme Court. 3. Public-law courts of justice: a) the Constitutional Court; b) system of administrative courts of Austria  4. Selection and dismissal of judges in […]