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The Discussion Question this week includes two components – Part A & Part B. Please answer all questions in both Part A & Part B. All components of the Discussion Question are required to be answered as a comprehensive discussion in your initial post. Do not respond to each question/component individually.

Stroke

A stroke is an acute focal neurologic deficit from a vascular disorder that injures brain tissue. Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the United States. The term ‘brain attack’ has been promoted to raise awareness that time-dependent tissue damage in the brain occurs, and that rapid emergency treatment is necessary, similar to that of a heart attack. You may see this term in your research of current literature.

Part A. Explain the two main types of stroke.

Discuss the etiology and pathogenesis of each type of stroke

Discuss the clinical manifestations and the risk factors of each type of stroke

Determine which diagnostic tests would determine each type of stroke. Please explain.

Explain the reasoning and rationales of why the timely diagnosis and treatment of stroke is imperative

Discuss the treatment goals of stroke and stroke care

What are the indications for the administration of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)? Please explain.

Part B. Case Study. A 67-year-old female was brought into the Emergency Department by Fire Rescue accompanied by her adult daughter. The patient’s daughter tells you she and her mother went out to lunch about an hour ago and when they were seated at their table all of a sudden her mother had difficulty speaking, became confused as to where they were, and she could not use her right arm. The CT scan of the brain that was done STAT upon admission is negative and does not indicate any brain injury.

Discuss why the initial CT scan would be negative

Explain ischemic penumbra in evolving stroke and survival of the penumbra cells

Based on the patient’s clinical manifestations which artery is involved and what part of the brain is the pathology located? Please explain the location in the brain and be specific to the location(s).