Provide a critical overview of the following dichotomies, pinpointing the similarities and differences between them in terms of their use, features, and the motivations of the scho

education & teaching multi-part question

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Q1. Provide a critical overview of the following dichotomies, pinpointing the similarities and differences between them in terms of their use, features, and the motivations of the scholars who proposed these pairs, supporting your answer with examples.
Documentary translation / instrumental translation
Semantic translation / communicative translation
Formal equivalence / dynamic equivalence
Foreignization / domestication
Q2. Examine the following ST and TT, then choose an appropriate translation theory to explain the changes made in the TT and justify your choice of the theory. The English ST appeared in an American newspaper whereas the Arabic TT appeared in an Iraqi newspaper.
Iraqi refugees find hard times
A white-haired man stands in a welfare line, jobless in a new country after having been kidnapped and losing his chicken farm in Iraq to Muslim militants. A burly man in a café who had worked as a security guard for foreign media left Baghdad after receiving an envelope with five bullets inside, meant for each member of his family. The family fled to Syria and opened a small market. After two years, U.S. officials approved their refugee application. It was a lifeline. Muslims had burned down their home in Iraq.
معاناة اللاجئين العراقيين في أمريكا
رجل أشيب الشعر يقف في طابور المساعدات الإنسانية? عاطل عن العمل في بلد جديد? بعد أن كان قد تعرض للاختطاف و خسر مزرعة الدواجن على يد رجال الميليشيات. و رجل قوي البنية يجلس بمقهى كان قد عمل حارسا أمنيا لمؤسسة صحيفة أجنبية غادر بغداد بعد أن تلقى ظرفا بريديا يحوي خمس طلقات بداخله? واحدة لكل فرد من أسرته. و هكذا هربت العائلة إلى سوريا و افتتحت متجرا صغيرا. و بعد عامين? وافق مسؤولون أمريكيون على طلب اللجوء الذي تقدموا به. لقد كان هذا حدثا فاصلا. و قد أحرقت الميليشيات منزلهم في العراق.
Q3. Venuti believes that translators’ invisibility is typically produced by the way translators themselves tend to translate ?fluently to produce an idiomatic and ?readable TT. How far do you agree with this view? Support your arguments with examples.
Q4. Following are research questions addressing different translation aspects that need to be explored and explained using relevant theoretical frameworks. Suggest an appropriate theory for each question and justify your choice.
How competent are PNU translation students in translating Islamic texts into other languages? How do they deal with translation problems? What changes are made in their translations? Why are these changes made?
What practices can be observed in translating literary texts in the Arab world before and after the Arab Spring period?
What is the status of translated literature for children in Saudi Arabia? What possible reasons could be behind this status?
Stand-up comedy is a new genre that has been introduced to the Saudi audience in recent years and has become very trendy. What are the socio-cultural dynamics that govern the translation of this genre in Saudi Arabia in the last five years?
How are the Saudi culture and physical environment represented in the English translation of Albahriyyat? Are the English-speaking readers able to have a real sense of what it is like to be a Saudi or to live in a Saudi culture?