Respond to the following type of anemia below, in the following ways:
WK 7 Discussion: Anemia
Respond to the following type of anemia below, in the following ways:
• Share insights on how pernicious anemia is similar to or different from sideroblastic Anemia.
• Discuss how genetic, gender, ethnic, age, and behavioral factors impact the diagnosis and prescription of treatment for anemic patients including Sideroblastic anemia.
• Support your response by 3 credible sources (1 from learning resources and 2 from outside credible resources).
RESPONSE GRADING RUBRIC:
• The response exhibits critical thinking and application to practice settings
• Use 3 scholarly sources to support ideas, demonstrates synthesis and understanding of learning objective
• Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by 3 credible sources.
• Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues
• The response is effectively written in Standard Edited English
SIDEROBLASTIC ANEMIA
Sideroblastic anemia (SA) is an acquired and heterogeneous disorder delineated by the occurrence of ring sideroblasts in the bone marrow as well as irregular hemoglobin production (Fujiwara & Harigae, 2019). Instead of the bone marrow producing healthy fully formed red cells, sideroblasts are created which are precursors to red blood cells (Caffrey, 2019). This leads to a build-up of iron in the blood which in turn gives the nucleus a ringed appearance of blood cells as mitochondria loaded with iron gather around it (Caffrey, 2019). These abnormal blood cells simply contain too much iron which impairs the cell’s ability to produce effective hemoglobin (Caffrey, 2019). As hemoglobin levels drop, patients experience the signs and symptoms of tissue hypoxia.
Acquired SA is typically reversible and is caused by toxins such as lead, excessive alcohol, medications such as chloramphenicol/antibiotics/cancer drugs, and hypothermia (Tirumala, 2019). Other causes include having a disorder of the blood that leads to immune disorders, nutritional deficiencies, abnormal blood cell development in the bone marrow, excess intake of zinc, tumors and lead poisoning (Caffrey, 2019). This type of anemia is seen in both genders 65 years and beyond with about ten percent developing leukemia (Caffrey, 2019).
Genetics
The mutation of genes implicated in iron-heme metabolism is a form of congenital SA (Fujiwara & Harigae, 2019). The most common inherited SA is X-linked which involves gene mutations associated with the normal production of hemoglobin which then causes more iron absorption from food, leading to an overload of iron in the blood (Caffrey, 2019). SA can lead to liver failure and is commonly seen in males with onset before thirty years of age (Caffrey, 2019).
References
Caffrey, C. (2019). Sideroblastic anemia. Salem Press Encyclopedia of Health. Retrieved from https://search-ebscohost-com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ers&AN=137502382&site=eds-live&scope=site
Fujiwara, T., & Harigae, H. (2019, March). Molecular pathophysiology and genetic mutations in congenital sideroblastic anemia. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 133, 179-185. Retrieved from
https://www-sciencedirect-com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/science/article/pii/S0891584918313558?via%3Dihub
Huether, S.E., & McCance, K.L. (2017). Understanding Pathophysiology (6th ed.). St. Louis,
MO: Mosby.
Tirumala, V.R. (2019). Anemia. Magill’s Medical Guide (Online Edition). Retrieved from
https://search-ebscohost-com.exp.waldenulibrary.org/login.aspx?direct=tru&db=true&db=ers&AN=86193888&site=eds-live&scope=site
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