Breaking the Chain of Infection
reply a student:
Henry
Social determinants of health (SDOH) consist of 5 domains that represent the living conditions in which citizens are born, live, work, worship, and age. These domains have an impact on the quality of life, health, and functioning of the global population (Healthy People 2030, n.d.). The 5 domains of the SDOH are economic stability; education access and quality; health care access and quality; neighborhood and built environment; and the social and community context. For most of these I feel that it is pretty straightforward how they contribute to the development of disease. For example, if one lacks access to health care as well as the economic stability to seek treatment then they have a greater chance of contracting and, consequently, spreading disease. Some examples of SDOH are language and literacy skills, racism, discrimination, and violence, or access to nutritious foods and physical activity opportunities. Heath (2019) argues that children who live near fast food and/or junk food options have a higher likelihood of developing chronic diseases like diabetes and obesity. Knowing how SDOH impact health it is important that we consider how we can enact positive changes and save lives, resources, and money by doing so. And most importantly improve the lives of US citizens.
The disease chain model is a depiction of how diseases are transmitted in communities. Green (2018) states that if a break in the chain occurs then infection will not happen and, thus, the spread will discontinue. The chain consists of 6 components: organisms (the pathogen); reservoir (livable setting for pathogen); portal of exit (the path of escape for the pathogen); transmission (how the pathogen travels to the host); portal of entry (opening into the host i.e., break in skin, mucous membrane, or orifice); and a susceptible host (often very young/old or immunocompromised individuals). Steps nurses can take to break this chain of infection are education, for example. Teaching parents that keeping their child’s scrapes and cuts clean and covered will protect them from a pathogen having easy access to a portal of entry. Teaching them that if they are ill they need to limit how much they interact with the community and if they do the precautions they need to take (i.e., hand washing or wearing a mask). I feel that education is the first step that nurses need to take to help break the chain of infection within their community.
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