First, use chat GPT to 1: ‘explain’ something, 2: ‘write’ something 3: ”brainstorm. (See class lecture on using AI in the classroom). Make copies of the results of thes

1/23/24, 5:47 PMFACT SHEET: President Biden Issues Executive Order on Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence | The White House

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OCTOBER 30, 2023

FACT SHEET: President Biden Issues Executive

Order on Safe, Secure, and

Trustworthy Artificial

Intelligence

Today, President Biden is issuing a landmark Executive Order to ensure that America leads the way in seizing the promise and managing the risks of artificial intelligence (AI). The Executive Order establishes new standards for AI safety and security,

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protects Americans’ privacy, advances equity and civil rights, stands up for consumers and workers, promotes innovation and competition, advances American leadership around the world, and more.

As part of the Biden-Harris Administration’s comprehensive strategy for responsible innovation, the Executive Order builds on previous actions the President has taken, including work that led to voluntary commitments from 15 leading companies to drive safe, secure, and trustworthy development of AI.

The Executive Order directs the following actions:

New Standards for AI Safety and Security

As AI’s capabilities grow, so do its implications for Americans’ safety and security. With this Executive Order, the President directs the most sweeping actions ever taken to protect Americans from the potential risks of AI systems:

Top

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Require that developers of the most powerful AI systems share their safety test results and other critical information with the U.S. government. In accordance with the Defense Production Act, the Order will require that companies developing any foundation model that poses a serious risk to national security, national economic security, or national public health and safety must notify the federal government when training the model, and must share the results of all red-team safety tests. These measures will ensure AI systems are safe, secure, and trustworthy before companies make them public. 

Develop standards, tools, and tests to help ensure that AI systems are safe, secure, and trustworthy. The National Institute of Standards and Technology will set the rigorous standards for extensive red-team testing to ensure safety before public release. The Department of Homeland Security will apply those standards to critical infrastructure sectors and establish the AI Safety and Security Board. The

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Departments of Energy and Homeland Security will also address AI systems’ threats to critical infrastructure, as well as chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and cybersecurity risks. Together, these are the most significant actions ever taken by any government to advance the field of AI safety.

Protect against the risks of using AI to engineer dangerous biological materials by developing strong new standards for biological synthesis screening. Agencies that fund life-science projects will establish these standards as a condition of federal funding, creating powerful incentives to ensure appropriate screening and manage risks potentially made worse by AI.

Protect Americans from AI- enabled fraud and deception by establishing standards and best practices for detecting AI- generated content and authenticating official content. The Department of Commerce will develop guidance for content authentication and watermarking to

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clearly label AI-generated content. Federal agencies will use these tools to make it easy for Americans to know that the communications they receive from their government are authentic—and set an example for the private sector and governments around the world.

Establish an advanced cybersecurity program to develop AI tools to find and fix vulnerabilities in critical software, building on the Biden- Harris Administration’s ongoing AI Cyber Challenge. Together, these efforts will harness AI’s potentially game-changing cyber capabilities to make software and networks more secure.

Order the development of a National Security Memorandum that directs further actions on AI and security, to be developed by the National Security Council and White House Chief of Staff. This document will ensure that the United States military and intelligence community use AI safely, ethically, and effectively in their missions, and will

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direct actions to counter adversaries’ military use of AI.

Protecting Americans’ Privacy

Without safeguards, AI can put Americans’ privacy further at risk. AI not only makes it easier to extract, identify, and exploit personal data, but it also heightens incentives to do so because companies use data to train AI systems. To better protect Americans’ privacy, including from the risks posed by AI, the President calls on Congress to pass bipartisan data privacy legislation to protect all Americans, especially kids, and directs the following actions:

Protect Americans’ privacy by prioritizing federal support for accelerating the development and use of privacy-preserving techniques—including ones that use cutting-edge AI and that let AI systems be trained while preserving the privacy of the training data.  

Strengthen privacy-preserving research and technologies, such as cryptographic tools that preserve

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individuals’ privacy, by funding a Research Coordination Network to advance rapid breakthroughs and development. The National Science Foundation will also work with this network to promote the adoption of leading-edge privacy-preserving technologies by federal agencies.

Evaluate how agencies collect and use commercially available information—including information they procure from data brokers— and strengthen privacy guidance for federal agencies to account for AI risks. This work will focus in particular on commercially available information containing personally identifiable data.

Develop guidelines for federal agencies to evaluate the effectiveness of privacy-preserving techniques, including those used in AI systems. These guidelines will advance agency efforts to protect Americans’ data.

Advancing Equity and Civil Rights

Irresponsible uses of AI can lead to and

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deepen discrimination, bias, and other abuses in justice, healthcare, and housing. The Biden-Harris Administration has already taken action by publishing the Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights and issuing an Executive Order directing agencies to combat algorithmic discrimination, while enforcing existing authorities to protect people’s rights and safety. To ensure that AI advances equity and civil rights, the President directs the following additional actions:

Provide clear guidance to landlords, Federal benefits programs, and federal contractors to keep AI algorithms from being used to exacerbate discrimination.

Address algorithmic discrimination through training, technical assistance, and coordination between the Department of Justice and Federal civil rights offices on best practices for investigating and prosecuting civil rights violations related to AI.

Ensure fairness throughout the

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criminal justice system by developing best practices on the use of AI in sentencing, parole and probation, pretrial release and detention, risk assessments, surveillance, crime forecasting and predictive policing, and forensic analysis.

Standing Up for Consumers, Patients, and Students

AI can bring real benefits to consumers —for example, by making products better, cheaper, and more widely available. But AI also raises the risk of injuring, misleading, or otherwise harming Americans. To protect consumers while ensuring that AI can make Americans better off, the President directs the following actions:

Advance the responsible use of AI in healthcare and the development of affordable and life- saving drugs. The Department of Health and Human Services will also establish a safety program to receive reports of—and act to remedy –

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harms or unsafe healthcare practices involving AI. 

Shape AI’s potential to transform education by creating resources to support educators deploying AI- enabled educational tools, such as personalized tutoring in schools.

Supporting Workers

AI is changing America’s jobs and workplaces, offering both the promise of improved productivity but also the dangers of increased workplace surveillance, bias, and job displacement. To mitigate these risks, support workers’ ability to bargain collectively, and invest in workforce training and development that is accessible to all, the President directs the following actions:

Develop principles and best practices to mitigate the harms and maximize the benefits of AI for workers by addressing job displacement; labor standards; workplace equity, health, and safety; and data collection. These principles and best practices will benefit

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workers by providing guidance to prevent employers from undercompensating workers, evaluating job applications unfairly, or impinging on workers’ ability to organize.

Produce a report on AI’s potential labor-market impacts, and study and identify options for strengthening federal support for workers facing labor disruptions, including from AI.

Promoting Innovation and Competition

America already leads in AI innovation —more AI startups raised first-time capital in the United States last year than in the next seven countries combined. The Executive Order ensures that we continue to lead the way in innovation and competition through the following actions:

Catalyze AI research across the United States through a pilot of the National AI Research Resource—a tool that will provide AI researchers and students access to key AI

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resources and data—and expanded grants for AI research in vital areas like healthcare and climate change.

Promote a fair, open, and competitive AI ecosystem by providing small developers and entrepreneurs access to technical assistance and resources, helping small businesses commercialize AI breakthroughs, and encouraging the Federal Trade Commission to exercise its authorities.

Use existing authorities to expand the ability of highly skilled immigrants and nonimmigrants with expertise in critical areas to study, stay, and work in the United States by modernizing and streamlining visa criteria, interviews, and reviews.

Advancing American Leadership Abroad

AI’s challenges and opportunities are global. The Biden-Harris Administration will continue working with other nations to support safe, secure, and trustworthy deployment

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and use of AI worldwide. To that end, the President directs the following actions:

Expand bilateral, multilateral, and multistakeholder engagements to collaborate on AI. The State Department, in collaboration, with the Commerce Department will lead an effort to establish robust international frameworks for harnessing AI’s benefits and managing its risks and ensuring safety. In addition, this week, Vice President Harris will speak at the UK Summit on AI Safety, hosted by Prime Minister Rishi Sunak.

Accelerate development and implementation of vital AI standards with international partners and in standards organizations, ensuring that the technology is safe, secure, trustworthy, and interoperable.

Promote the safe, responsible, and rights-affirming development and deployment of AI abroad to solve global challenges, such as advancing sustainable development and

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mitigating dangers to critical infrastructure.

Ensuring Responsible and Effective Government Use of AI

AI can help government deliver better results for the American people. It can expand agencies’ capacity to regulate, govern, and disburse benefits, and it can cut costs and enhance the security of government systems. However, use of AI can pose risks, such as discrimination and unsafe decisions. To ensure the responsible government deployment of AI and modernize federal AI infrastructure, the President directs the following actions:

Issue guidance for agencies’ use of AI, including clear standards to protect rights and safety, improve AI procurement, and strengthen AI deployment.  

Help agencies acquire specified AI products and services faster, more cheaply, and more effectively through more rapid and efficient contracting.

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Accelerate the rapid hiring of AI professionals as part of a government-wide AI talent surge led by the Office of Personnel Management, U.S. Digital Service, U.S. Digital Corps, and Presidential Innovation Fellowship. Agencies will provide AI training for employees at all levels in relevant fields.

As we advance this agenda at home, the Administration will work with allies and partners abroad on a strong international framework to govern the development and use of AI. The Administration has already consulted widely on AI governance frameworks over the past several months—engaging with Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, the European Union, France, Germany, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, the UAE, and the UK. The actions taken today support and complement Japan’s leadership of the G-7 Hiroshima Process, the UK Summit on AI Safety, India’s leadership as Chair of the Global Partnership on AI, and ongoing discussions at the United

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Nations.

The actions that President Biden directed today are vital steps forward in the U.S.’s approach on safe, secure, and trustworthy AI. More action will be required, and the Administration will continue to work with Congress to pursue bipartisan legislation to help America lead the way in responsible innovation.

For more on the Biden-Harris Administration’s work to advance AI, and for opportunities to join the Federal AI workforce, visit .

###

AI.gov

1/9/24, 6:11 PMJustices Reject Ban on Violent Video Games for Children – The New York Times

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By Adam Liptak

June 27, 2011

WASHINGTON — The Supreme Court on Monday struck down on First

Amendment grounds a California law that banned the sale of violent video

games to children. The 7-to-2 decision was the latest in a series of rulings

protecting free speech, joining ones on funeral protests, videos showing cruelty

to animals and political speech by corporations.

In a second decision Monday, the last day of the term, the court also struck down

an Arizona campaign finance law as a violation of the First Amendment.

Justice Antonin Scalia, writing for five justices in the majority in the video

games decision, Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Association, No. 08-1448,

said video games were subject to full First Amendment protection.

“Like the protected books, plays and movies that preceded them, video games

communicate ideas — and even social messages — through many familiar

literary devices (such as characters, dialogue, plot and music) and through

features distinctive to the medium (such as the player’s interaction with the

virtual world),” Justice Scalia wrote. “That suffices to confer First Amendment

protection.”

Justices Reject Ban on Violent Video Games for Children

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Depictions of violence, Justice Scalia added, have never been subject to

government regulation. “Grimm’s Fairy Tales, for example, are grim indeed,” he

wrote, recounting the gory plots of “Snow White,” “Cinderella” and “Hansel and

Gretel.” High school reading lists and Saturday morning cartoons, too, he said,

are riddled with violence.

The California law would have imposed $1,000 fines on stores that sold violent

video games to anyone under 18.

It defined violent games as those “in which the range of options available to a

player includes killing, maiming, dismembering or sexually assaulting an image

of a human being” in a way that was “patently offensive,” appealed to minors’

“deviant or morbid interests” and lacked “serious literary, artistic, political or

scientific value.”

The definitions tracked language from decisions upholding laws regulating

sexual content. In 1968, in Ginsberg v. New York, the court allowed limits on the

distribution to minors of sexual materials like what it called “girlie magazines”

that fell well short of obscenity, which is unprotected by the First Amendment.

Justice Scalia rejected the suggestion that depictions of violence are subject to

regulation as obscenity. “Because speech about violence is not obscene,” he

wrote, “it is of no consequence that California’s statute mimics the New York

statute regulating obscenity-for-minors that we upheld in” the Ginsberg decision.

The video game industry, with annual domestic sales of more than $10 billion,

welcomed Monday’s ruling.

“Everybody wins on this decision,” John Riccitiello, chief executive of Electronic

Arts, one of the largest public video game companies, said in a statement. “The

court has affirmed the constitutional rights of game developers, adults keep the

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right to decide what’s appropriate in their houses, and store owners can sell

games without fear of criminal prosecution.”

Leland Yee, a California state senator who wrote the law, said in a statement that

“the Supreme Court once again put the interests of corporate America before the

interests of our children,” adding: “It is simply wrong that the video game

industry can be allowed to put their profit margins over the rights of parents and

the well-being of children.”

The industry had viewed the court’s decision to hear the case as worrisome,

given that the lower courts had been in agreement that laws regulating violent

expression were unconstitutional.

The justices had, moreover, agreed to hear the case just after issuing their 8-to-1

decision last year in United States v. Stevens, striking down a federal law

making it a crime to buy and sell depictions of animal cruelty like dog fighting

videos.

That also suggested that at least some of the justices had viewed California’s law

as problematic.

But on Monday, the majority said the Stevens decision required the court to

strike down the California law. Only a few kinds of speech, like incitement,

obscenity and fighting words, are beyond the protection of the First Amendment,

Justice Scalia said, adding that the court would not lightly create new excluded

categories.

Stevens did not involve speech directed to minors, but the majority said the

California law’s goal of protecting children from seeing violence did not alter the

constitutional analysis.

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“No doubt a state possesses legitimate power to protect children from harm,”

Justice Scalia wrote, “but that does not include a free-floating power to restrict

the ideas to which children may be exposed.”

Justices Anthony M. Kennedy, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Sonia Sotomayor and

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