What is your assessment of the business of Carlton Polish? – What is the opportunity, people, deal, and context? – What makes this opportunity and this business financially attractive
Please submit a write-up of two pages (maximum including top-level quantitative
analysis) that answers the questions below.
Use the following case:
Case: Carlton Polish Co. By: William A. Sahlman, HBS Publishing #: 283008-PDF-ENG
(Attached you can find a copy of the financial information in the case)
1. What is your assessment of the business of Carlton Polish?
– What is the opportunity, people, deal, and context?
– What makes this opportunity and this business financially attractive (or not); such as
margins, cash flow, working capital characteristics, etc?
– What can go right? What can go wrong?
2. Should Charlie Carlton buy out his co-owner’s share, or should he sell?
– Why?
– How much is Carlton Polish worth? (Include free cash flow valuation to support your
conclusions)
Historical
The Carlton Polish Company | ||||||||
Exhibit 3 | ||||||||
The Carlton Polish Company – Historical Financial Data ($000) | ||||||||
Compound | ||||||||
Annual | ||||||||
1976 | 1977 | 1978 | 1979 | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | Growth | |
Income Statement: | ||||||||
Net Sales | $ 3,368 | $ 3,885 | $ 4,543 | $ 5,259 | $ 6,492 | $ 8,120 | $ 9,303 | 18.5% |
Cost of goods sold | 1,886 | 2,231 | 2,596 | 2,964 | 3,772 | 4,759 | 5,445 | 19.3 |
Selling, general and administrative | 1,227 | 1,359 | 1,483 | 1,814 | 2,150 | 2,615 | 3,055 | 16.4 |
Operating profit | 255 | 295 | 464 | 481 | 570 | 746 | 803 | 21.1 |
Interest income | 5 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 12 | 40 | 41.4 |
Interest expense | 55 | 78 | 187 | 189 | 203 | 192 | 179 | 21.7 |
Other income (expense) | (36) | (19) | (9) | (16) | (7) | (9) | (22) | -7.7 |
Profit before tax | 170 | 205 | 273 | 281 | 367 | 557 | 642 | 24.9 |
Taxes | 100 | 118 | 140 | 132 | 212 | 273 | 365 | 24.1 |
Profit after tax | 70 | 87 | 133 | 149 | 155 | 284 | 277 | 25.9 |
Dividends | 270 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -100.0 |
IRS settlement | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 115 | NA |
Note: | ||||||||
Rental and lease expense (included in cost of goods sold) | 149 | 155 | 174 | 157 | 157 | 252 | 343 | 14.9 |
Executive salaries (included in SG&A) | 336 | 352 | 380 | 406 | 487 | 703 | 795 | 15.4 |
Estraordinary lega (included in SG&A) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | NA |
Depreciation and amortization | 13 | 13 | 13 | 21 | 26 | 38 | 42 | 21.6 |
Balance Sheet: | ||||||||
Cash | 94 | 140 | 167 | 77 | 121 | 350 | 459 | 30.3 |
Accounts receivable | 613 | 600 | 739 | 975 | 1,029 | 1,250 | 1,480 | 15.8 |
Inventory | 226 | 264 | 242 | 290 | 352 | 394 | 413 | 10.6 |
Other current assets | 44 | 41 | 44 | 52 | 82 | 71 | 44 | 0.0 |
Total current assets | 977 | 1,045 | 1,192 | 1,394 | 1,584 | 2,065 | 2,396 | 16.1 |
Net plant and equipment | 114 | 104 | 91 | 129 | 126 | 140 | 100 | -2.2 |
Other fixed assets | 97 | 88 | 95 | 98 | 81 | 82 | 62 | -7.2 |
Total assets | 1,188 | 1,237 | 1,378 | 1,621 | 1,791 | 2,287 | 2,558 | 13.6 |
Account payable | 145 | 139 | 168 | 254 | 232 | 342 | 376 | 17.2 |
Current maturities | 58 | 37 | 52 | 50 | 55 | 55 | 60 | 0.6 |
Other current liabilities | 118 | 177 | 190 | 219 | 244 | 443 | 461 | 25.5 |
IRS tax settlement | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 115 | NA |
Total current liabilities | 321 | 353 | 410 | 523 | 531 | 840 | 1,012 | 21.1 |
Long-term debt | 498 | 1,450 | 1,399 | 1,380 | 1,387 | 1,290 | 1,228 | 16.3 |
Shareholders' equity | 369 | (565) | (432) | (282) | (127) | 157 | 318 | -2.5 |
Tota liabilities and Equity | 1,188 | 1,238 | 1,377 | 1,621 | 1,791 | 2,287 | 2,558 | 13.6 |
Selected Ratios: | ||||||||
Cost of goods sold/sales | 56.0% | 57.4% | 57.1% | 56.4% | 58.1% | 58.6% | 58.5% | |
Rental expense/sales | 4.4 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 3.0 | 2.4 | 3.1 | 3.7 | |
Sales, general and administrative/sales | 36.4 | 35.0 | 32.6 | 34.5 | 33.1 | 32.2 | 32.8 | |
Executive salaries/sales | 10.0 | 9.1 | 8.4 | 7.7 | 7.5 | 8.7 | 8.5 | |
Operating profit/sales | 7.6 | 7.6 | 10.2 | 9.1 | 8.8 | 9.2 | 8.6 | |
Profit before taxes/sales | 5.0 | 5.3 | 6.0 | 5.3 | 5.7 | 6.9 | 6.9 | |
Tax rate | 59.0 | 57.6 | 51.3 | 47.0 | 57.8 | 49.0 | 56.9 | |
Profit after taxes/sales | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 3.5 | 3.0 | |
Payout ratio | 38.8 | 26.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
Current assets/sales | 29.0 | 26.9 | 26.2 | 26.5 | 24.4 | 25.4 | 25.8 | |
Current liabilities/sales | 9.5 | 9.1 | 9.0 | 9.9 | 8.2 | 10.3 | 10.9 | |
Total fixed assets/sales | 6.3 | 5.0 | 4.1 | 4.3 | 3.2 | 2.7 | 1.7 |
Proforma
The Carlton Polish Company | |||||||
Exhibit 4 | |||||||
The Carlton Polish Company – Proforma Financial Data (a) ($000) | |||||||
Actual | Proforma | Proforma | Proforma | Proforma | Proforma | ||
Year | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | |
Net Sales | $ 9,303 | $ 10,233 | $ 11,257 | $ 12,382 | $ 13,621 | $ 14,983 | Increases 10% per year |
Cost of goods sold | 5,445 | 5,612 | 6,173 | 6,791 | 7,470 | 8,217 | |
Rental expense | 343 | 287 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | From footnotes, Exhibit 3 |
Selling, general and administrative | 3,055 | 2,486 | 2,735 | 3,008 | 3,309 | 3,640 | |
Executive salaries | 795 | 450 | 495 | 545 | 599 | 659 | Raise 10% per year from |
Operating profit | 803 | 1,398 | 1,604 | 1,789 | 1,993 | 2,217 | |
Interest income | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Interest expense: | |||||||
Existing Debt | 179 | 156 | 150 | 142 | 133 | 121 | |
Seller note | 0 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 128 | 15-year, 14% seller loan |
Proposed bank loan | 0 | 184 | 147 | 111 | 74 | 37 | 5-year, 13.5% bank loan |
Total interest expense | $ 179 | $ 480 | $ 437 | $ 393 | $ 347 | $ 286 | |
Other income (expense) | (22) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Profit before tax | 642 | 918 | 1,166 | 1,396 | 1,646 | 1,931 | |
Taxes | 365 | 477 | 606 | 726 | 856 | 1,004 | |
Profit after tax | 277 | 441 | 560 | 670 | 790 | 927 | |
Dividends | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
IRS settlement | 115 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Retained earnings | 162 | 441 | 560 | 670 | 790 | 927 | |
Net working capital (note b) | 1,384 | 1,440 | 1,584 | 1,742 | 1,917 | 2,108 | |
Total net fixed assets | 162 | 178 | 196 | 216 | 237 | 261 | |
Debt amortization | |||||||
Existing debt | 60 | 62 | 55 | 62 | 71 | 96 | |
Seller note | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 83 | See Note a below |
Proposed bank loan | 0 | 273 | 273 | 273 | 273 | 273 | 5-year bank loan |
Total amortization | $ 60 | $ 335 | $ 328 | $ 335 | $ 427 | $ 452 | |
Assumptions: | |||||||
Inflation rate | 3.9% | 5.0% | 5.0% | 5.0% | 5.0% | 5.0% | |
Average interest rate | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.5 | Avg. rate (above current) |
Growth rate | 14.6 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | |
(COGS-rental)/sales | 54.8 | 54.8 | 54.8 | 54.8 | 54.8 | 54.8 | |
Rental expense | 343 | 287 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | |
(SG&A-exec.salaries)/sales | 24.3 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 24.3 | |
Executive salaries | 795 | 450 | 495 | 545 | 599 | 659 | |