This is the concluding project for this Graduate Business Analytics ?and Research Methods course. It offers students the opportunity to show ?mastery of all key elements of Research

Course Project Phase II – The Discrepancy in the Environmental Impact

of Tesla's Electric Vehicles

Calvin Durham Jr.

BUS5250 Bus Analytics & Research Methods

Deondre Earl

Shorter University

September 24, 2023

Green Manufacturing: The Case of Tesla

Sustainable manufacturing practices have gained prominence in contemporary business operations as companies strive to balance profitability with ecological responsibility. Tesla, Inc., a trailblazer in electric vehicle (EV) manufacturing, has transformed the automotive industry. Committed to sustainability and environmental awareness, Tesla's steadfast dedication to green production aligns with its mission to expedite the global transition to sustainable energy (Kim, 2020). This paper delves into Tesla's sustainable manufacturing practices, revealing the strategies, challenges, and implications that characterize green manufacturing in the modern era.

The Scope of the Study

The scope of this study encompasses a comprehensive examination of Tesla's sustainable manufacturing practices. It centers on elucidating the key strategies employed by the company to align its production processes with environmental objectives. Furthermore, this study delves into the challenges Tesla faces to achieve excellence in green manufacturing. It also explores the far-reaching implications of Tesla's sustainable manufacturing efforts for the automotive industry and the broader sustainability movement.

Literature Review

A literature review is essential to academic research, providing a comprehensive summary and analysis of existing research on a particular topic. In this chapter, we delve into a detailed examination of key studies and publications relevant to green manufacturing, particularly in the context of Tesla, Inc. The literature review is a foundation for contextualizing Tesla's green manufacturing within the broader academic discourse, providing a comprehensive background for the study's theoretical framework. To begin, Minchin's study challenges the prevailing narrative by highlighting historical labor rights issues at Tesla, challenging the notion of the company as a futuristic factory. It underscores the significance of workers' rights, transcending the innovative image associated with Tesla.

Shifting the focus to leadership, Maamoun's (2021) work explores the captivating relationship between Tesla's CEO, Elon Musk, and the company's trajectory. This research characterizes their association as an "electrifying love affair," highlighting the charismatic leadership driving Tesla's electrifying journey. Elon Musk's visionary leadership style and unyielding commitment to Tesla's mission have propelled the company to the forefront of the electric vehicle revolution. Denning's study (2023) complements this perspective by delving into how Tesla's management innovations are instrumental in actualizing its overarching mission of saving the planet through the mass production and sale of electric cars. Rather than merely adding a socially popular task to its existing goals, Tesla has innovatively redefined its operations to serve this greater purpose. CEO Elon Musk's direct involvement on the factory floor and the collaborative problem-solving culture within Tesla exemplify the commitment to accelerating innovation to address urgent environmental challenges.

On the strategic front, Giménez's case study (2022) lays out a five-year business plan for Tesla. It examines the company's strategic planning, growth prospects, and development in the context of sustainable energy and eco-friendly vehicles. This research reflects on Tesla's status as a pioneer in the electric vehicle industry, marked by the successful adoption of lithium batteries, a departure from traditional fossil fuels. Despite the high costs associated with electric vehicles, Tesla's innovative approach has inspired other automakers to follow suit, emphasizing the company's profound impact on the industry's direction. Kim's analysis (2020) explores how Tesla creates core innovation capabilities, highlighting its unique management, marketing, and IT strategies. Tesla's online approach and integrated IT systems stand out as innovative components of its business model, contributing to its ability to manage the organization and connect with consumers efficiently.

Regarding operational efficiency and sustainability, Liu and colleagues (2023) investigate the impacts of green manufacturing adoption, highlighting the trade-offs between environmentally friendly policies and efficiency gains. Drawing upon a resource-based view, their study reveals that green manufacturing adoption can enhance operational efficiency, particularly in the long run. Importantly, the research identifies how factors like state ownership and labor intensity can strengthen the positive impact of green manufacturing. However, the study also suggests that companies focusing on digital transformation and research and development (R&D) activities may experience a weaker positive impact on operational efficiency from green manufacturing adoption. This research provides valuable guidance for manufacturers aligning green manufacturing with business operations.

Maradin et al. (2022) offer insights into Tesla's pivotal role in advancing sustainable and clean energy. Tesla's unique approach, which combines electric vehicle development with electrical energy generation through solar panels and other products, has set it apart in the market. This integration has disrupted the automotive industry and influenced companies in various sectors to adopt greener and more sustainable practices. The green economy movement has found a pioneering advocate in Tesla, encouraging other companies to embrace sustainability.

Addressing the broader context of green manufacturing, Sadiku et al.'s chapter (2023) introduces this emerging trend, emphasizing its importance in the contemporary manufacturing landscape. The chapter underscores green manufacturing's goal of producing products without pollution and addresses environmental and sustainability concerns. It discusses resource selection, transportation, manufacturing processes, pollution, and the need to enhance awareness of green manufacturing practices.

Wu et al. (n.d.) delve into Tesla's success strategies, contextualizing them within the era of Industry 4.0 and growing environmental pollution. In an age where companies must navigate the challenges of environmental concerns and industry 4.0, Tesla stands out for its vision and goals of transitioning to a clean and sustainable way of life. Unlike popular plug-in hybrids, the company's dedication to fully electric cars set it apart. The research employs multiple strategic analyses, including SWOT analysis, three levels of strategy analysis, strategic map analysis, Porter's Five Forces analysis, value chain analysis, resources and capabilities analysis, and Porter's National Diamond analysis. These analyses collectively reveal how Tesla leads the electric vehicle industry with differentiation strategies, benefiting from various external factors, including government support.

Subramanian's case study (2023) critically examines Tesla's environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices, a vital aspect of contemporary corporate responsibility. In June 2022, Tesla faced ESG-related challenges, including questions about corporate governance, allegations of discrimination, and removal from ESG indexes. This case study explores how Tesla addresses ESG challenges and assesses its approach. Sypko's Bachelor thesis (2022) offers a detailed analysis of Tesla's operations within the context of Industry 4.0. The view compares Tesla's strategies and supply chain management with competitors like Volkswagen and Lucid Motors. It highlights Tesla's unique approach, resembling a tech company more than a traditional automaker, allowing it to solve problems with agility and efficiency.

These sources comprehensively understand Tesla's multifaceted impact, encompassing labor rights, sustainability, innovation, and competitive strategies. They underscore Tesla's transformative role in the automotive industry and its broader influence on environmental and sustainability practices. Tesla's journey, led by charismatic leadership and an unwavering commitment to innovation and sustainability, continues to shape the future of the automotive industry and beyond.

Theoretical Framework

This study's theoretical framework draws upon existing sustainable manufacturing and environmental management theories. Specifically, it aligns with the Resource-Based View (RBV) theory, which posits that an organization's competitive advantage stems from its unique resources and capabilities (Lubis, 2022). In green manufacturing, the RBV theory elucidates how Tesla leverages its innovative technology, financial strength, brand reputation, and customer loyalty to implement sustainable production processes (Andersen, 2021). By grounding the study in established theory, the theoretical framework offers a structured and robust basis for understanding why Tesla pursues green manufacturing and how it aligns with its core objectives.

Research Design

The research design for this study is descriptive research type, as it seeks to describe and analyze Tesla's green manufacturing practices comprehensively (Bloomfield & Fisher, 2019). The research problem concerns understanding Tesla's sustainable manufacturing initiatives' key strategies, challenges, and outcomes. Hypotheses are not applicable in this study, as it adopts a qualitative research approach to explore the topic in depth. Data collection methods encompass documentary analysis, expert interviews, and case study analysis of Tesla's manufacturing processes. The study's sub-chapters delve into each aspect of the research design, ensuring a specific and rigorous examination of Tesla's green manufacturing practices.

Summary of Phase II and Projection of Phase III

In Phase II, we have laid the foundation for an in-depth analysis of Tesla's green manufacturing practices. We have defined the scope, reviewed relevant literature, established a theoretical framework, and detailed the research design. Moving forward to Phase III, we will execute the research plan, collect and analyze data, and present our findings. Phase III will culminate in a comprehensive assessment of Tesla's green manufacturing strategies, providing valuable insights for academics and industry practitioners seeking to understand and implement sustainable manufacturing practices.

References

Andersen, J. (2021). A relational natural-resource-based view on product innovation: The influence of green product innovation and suppliers on differentiation advantage in small manufacturing firms.  Technovation,  104, 102254.

Bloomfield, J., & Fisher, M. J. (2019). Quantitative research design.  Journal of the Australasian Rehabilitation Nurses Association,  22(2), 27-30.

Denning, S. (2023). How Tesla's management innovations operationalize its “Deep Purpose” to

Giménez, M. C. (2022). Case Study: A Five Year Business Strategic Plan for Tesla.

Kim, H. (2020). Analysis of how Tesla creates core innovation capability.  International Journal of Business and Management,  15(6), 42.

Kim, H. (2020). Analysis of how Tesla creates core innovation capability.  International Journal of Business and Management,  15(6), 42.

Liu, F., Huang, N., Lai, K. H., & Hong, Y. (2023). On the Heterogeneous Impacts of Green Manufacturing Adoption on Operational Efficiency.  Available at SSRN 4568593.

Lubis, N. W. (2022). Resource based view (RBV) in improving company strategic capacity.  Research Horizon,  2(6), 587-596.

Maamoun, A. (2021).  Elon Musk and Tesla: An Electrifying Love Affair. SAGE Publications: SAGE Business Cases Originals.

Maradin, D., Malnar, A., & Kaštelan, A. (2022). Sustainable and Clean Energy: The Case of Tesla Company1.  Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Studies,  5(12), 3531-3542.

Minchin, T. J. (2021). ‘The factory of the future’Historical continuity and labor rights at Tesla.  Labor History,  62(4), 434-453.

Sadiku, M. N., Ajayi-Majebi, A. J., & Adebo, P. O. (2023). Green Manufacturing. In  Emerging Technologies in Manufacturing (pp. 123-140). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Subramanian, R. (2023). Tesla, Inc.: addressing ESG challenges.  The CASE Journal,  19(3), 484-506.

Sypko, D. (2022). Time-Based Competition in Tesla´ s Supply Chain in the Era of Industry 4.0.

WU, Z. Q., NGUYEN, P. Q., PHANKASEMSAN, I., & WOLF, E. Driving Sustainability and Electric Vehicles Evolution: Tesla Company's Success Strategies.

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7

Course Project Phase I – The Discrepancy in the Environmental Impact

of Tesla's Electric Vehicles

Calvin Durham Jr.

BUS5250 Bus Analytics & research Methods

Deondre Earl

Shorter University

September 9, 2023

The Discrepancy in the Environmental Impact of Tesla's Electric Vehicles

As an independent research analyst, I have assumed the responsibility of investigating a pressing issue related to the environmental footprint of Tesla's electric vehicles (EVs). Tesla is widely recognized for its commitment to advancing sustainable transportation and its goal of reducing carbon emissions. However, recent studies have shed light on concerns regarding the actual environmental impact of Tesla's EVs. This research proposal seeks to delve into the heart of this matter, addressing the discrepancies in the perceived environmental friendliness of Tesla's electric cars. It aims to comprehensively analyze the situation and offer practical solutions and recommendations to ensure that Tesla aligns its green image with the reality of its products' environmental impact.

The Corporation: Tesla

Tesla, Inc., founded by Elon Musk, is a well-recognized American electric vehicle and clean energy company that has substantially impacted the automotive industry. Tesla is renowned for producing high-performance electric cars that have garnered substantial global popularity (Maradin et al., 2022). The corporation's primary mission is to accelerate the transition to sustainable energy practices worldwide, a goal it strives to achieve by manufacturing cutting-edge electric vehicles, energy storage solutions, and pioneering renewable energy technologies. This comprehensive approach aligns with Tesla's commitment to combat climate change and promote environmental consciousness, positioning it as a leading force in pursuing a greener and more sustainable future.

Problem Definition

The central issue under investigation pertains to the environmental implications of Tesla's electric vehicles (EVs), which have long been hailed as eco-conscious alternatives to traditional gasoline-powered automobiles. However, recent studies and reports have raised doubts about how Tesla's EVs align with their environmentally friendly image (Errichiello & Zschiesche, 2022). The research aims to thoroughly examine the complete life cycle of Tesla vehicles, encompassing their initial production, energy sources for operation, and eventual disposal. The primary objective is to address several pressing questions in light of these concerns.

First, this study aims to ascertain whether Tesla's electric vehicles live up to their reputation as environmentally sustainable choices. This entails comprehensively scrutinizing their environmental footprint at each life cycle phase. Moreover, the research seeks to uncover the specific environmental ramifications associated with Tesla's EVs, shedding light on any concealed ecological costs that may have been overlooked. Lastly, the investigation will position Tesla compared to other electric vehicle manufacturers, offering insights into its sustainability practices and environmental impact within the broader landscape of the EV industry. Generally, this study aims to provide a nuanced comprehension of the environmental challenges and prospects inherent to the electric vehicle sector, particularly emphasizing Tesla's role and performance.

Background of the Problem

The emergence of electric vehicles (EVs) marks a significant milestone in pursuing eco-conscious transportation and reducing carbon emissions. These EVs are often lauded for their potential to reduce the environmental consequences of conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (Nour et al., 2020). However, recent research has cast a revealing spotlight on a crucial facet that warrants in-depth exploration: the comprehensive assessment of the environmental ramifications of EVs throughout their entire life cycle (Lai et al., 2023). This issue extends beyond the mere comparison of tailpipe emissions and delves into the intricate processes of producing electric vehicles, including extracting and processing raw materials. Furthermore, the ecological performance of EVs is inextricably linked to the source of the electricity that fuels them, posing challenges for regions heavily dependent on fossil fuels in realizing the benefits of electrification (La Barbera, 2023).

Among the leading companies in the electric vehicle industry, Tesla has garnered commendation for its unwavering commitment to sustainable transportation solutions. Nevertheless, we must subject Tesla's electric vehicles to a stringent appraisal, recognizing that even the industry leaders are susceptible to potential environmental quandaries (La Barbera, 2023). This research explores the fundamental factors contributing to these concerns, unveiling the intricacies of Tesla's electric vehicle manufacturing processes and the energy sources underpinning their functionality.

To provide a broader contextual framework and nuanced perspective, this inquiry will meticulously review pre-existing research encompassing diverse facets of electric vehicle sustainability. While prior studies have indisputably enriched our understanding, they may not have offered a holistic approach. Through thoroughly examining previous research, this study aims to pinpoint gaps within the current knowledge paradigm and delineate the realms where it aims to impart innovative insights and enlightenment. In doing so, it will address the complexities of assessing the true environmental impact of Tesla's electric vehicles and offer a more nuanced perspective on the sustainability of electric mobility.

Research Objectives

This research endeavors to delve deeply into the environmental impact of Tesla's electric vehicles, guided by several key objectives:

a) To scrutinize whether Tesla's electric vehicles align with their marketed environmental friendliness by thoroughly assessing their complete life cycle. This assessment encompasses the stages of production, utilization, and disposal.

b) To pinpoint and precisely quantify the specific environmental consequences attributed to Tesla's electric vehicles, emphasizing factors such as greenhouse gas emissions and the utilization of finite resources.

c) To position Tesla's environmental performance within the broader context of the electric vehicle industry by conducting a comparative analysis. This analysis will juxtapose Tesla's sustainability endeavors with those of other prominent electric vehicle manufacturers.

d) To present practical recommendations and potential solutions to bolster the environmental sustainability of Tesla's electric vehicles. These recommendations are designed to address any identified deficiencies and offer actionable strategies for improvement in alignment with sustainable transportation principles.

Summary of Phase I and Projection of Phase II

In Phase I of this research proposal, we have introduced the critical problem concerning the environmental impact of Tesla's electric vehicles. We have shed light on the significance of this issue, provided a comprehensive background, and delineated the research objectives that will guide our investigation. Phase II will mark a pivotal progression as we delve into an extensive literature review, collect relevant data, and employ suitable research methodologies to evaluate Tesla's environmental impact thoroughly.

The insights garnered during Phase II will lay the foundation for Phase III, where we will unveil our recommendations and actionable solutions to mitigate the identified environmental challenges. Our ultimate goal is to contribute significantly to the collective understanding of the environmental implications associated with electric vehicles, specifically focusing on those manufactured by Tesla. By scrutinizing these concerns and presenting viable solutions, we aspire to align with Tesla's mission of expediting the global shift towards sustainable energy adoption while concurrently minimizing the ecological footprint inherent in this transition.

References

Errichiello, O., & Zschiesche, A. (2022).  Green Branding. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden.

La Barbera, S. (2023). Comparative Analysis of Green Innovation Processes Across Industries: A Cross-Industry Study.

Lai, X., Chen, J., Chen, Q., Han, X., Lu, L., Dai, H., & Zheng, Y. (2023). Comprehensive assessment of carbon emissions and environmental impacts of sodium-ion and lithium-ion batteries at the manufacturing stage.  Journal of Cleaner Production, 138674.

Maradin, D., Malnar, A., & Kaštelan, A. (2022). Sustainable and Clean Energy: The Case of Tesla Company1.  Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Studies,  5(12), 3531-3542.

Nour, M., Chaves-Ávila, J. P., Magdy, G., & Sánchez-Miralles, Á. (2020). Review of positive and negative impacts of electric vehicles charging on electric power systems.  Energies,  13(18), 4675.

Rashid, S., & Pagone, E. (2023). Cradle-to-Grave Lifecycle Environmental Assessment of Hybrid Electric Vehicles.  Sustainability,  15(14), 11027.

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