How does the resettlement policy impact the social and political environment in Sweden and Turkey?
Can you edit the according to the comments and redo part of this paper please, it is not really organize so could you please redo it in appropriate it way please
and the qualitative method that will be use in this paper is Survey and interview
i will send you the instructors and the example of the Preliminary Research Plan
the document will help you know about how to do it
my topic about Syrian refugee crisis in Turkey and Sweden, but i still not sure what the paper should be about. Also i am not sure what should i wirte about regrading the resettlement if you can help with that as well that will be great
i did the plan but it dos not looks good and i am missing some stuff so if you can help me with that I will be thank full
my main requests is to have the theory and expected findings and how to test the research question
Also, the question of the research some of them are not really great or good to use so if you can look at that as well
so what i need you to look at these carefully:
The comment
and the question of the research question
maybe you need to redo this 4. Preliminary ideas for the theory and expected findings
maybe you need to redo this 5. Preliminary ideas for testing the research question
here just add the Hypotheses(i have some but you can change it or add to them) and add theories (you need to do some because I think this how we will test the research question)
if you need to redo any part please do
you do not need to change the Key literature unless you want to add to them then you can
Also some of the sentences need to be deleted please do that the document that you will be working on called (Preliminary research plan comments)
Requirements: 2 pages
Preliminary Research Plan Document: A Rough Example
1. Main Research Questions:
Are prison conditions and prisoners’ experiences with incarceration in Costa Rica and Honduras reflective of broader criminal governance dynamics in each country? How effective are these countries current carceral models at reducing violent crime?
2. Identifying key literature on the topic and thinking about “gaps”.
NOTE: This example is far longer and more extensive than what I expect you to do for this assignment.
For this project, I will examine the growing literature on criminal governance and criminal violence in Latin America. This body of work is crucial to contextualize the problem, as well as likely to shed insight on the different carcel policies and incarceration experiences in each. For example, I will review the following:
Blattman, Christopher, et al. Gang rule: Understanding and countering criminal governance. No. w28458. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2021.
Cruz, José Miguel. “Criminal violence and democratization in Central America: The survival of the violent state.” Latin American politics and society 53.4 (2011): 1-33.
Feldmann, Andreas E., and Juan Pablo Luna. “Criminal governance and the crisis of contemporary Latin American states.” Annual Review of Sociology 48 (2022): 441-461.
Lessing, Benjamin. “Conceptualizing criminal governance.” Perspectives on politics 19.3 (2021): 854-873.
Müller, Markus-Michael. “Governing crime and violence in Latin America.” Global Crime 19.3-4 (2018): 171-191.
Uribe, Andres, et al. “Criminal Governance in Latin America: an Initial Assessment of its Extent and Correlates.” Available at SSRN 4302432 (2022).
I will also review/incorporate my own work on criminal governance in rural Central America, as much of the work on criminal governance focuses on urban spaces:
Blume, Laura Ross. “Narco Robin Hoods: Community support for illicit economies and violence in rural Central America.” World Development 143 (2021): 105464.
Blume, Laura Ross. The Art of Trafficking: Politics, Narco-Strategies, and Violence in Central America. Book manuscript.
In addition, I will examine more closely the literature on criminal governance and crime control policies in Honduras as well as Costa Rica:
Adamson, Erin, Cecilia Menjívar, and Shannon Drysdale Walsh. “The impact of adjacent laws on implementing violence against women laws: Legal violence in the lives of Costa Rican Women.” Law & Social Inquiry 45.2 (2020): 432-459.
Berg, Louis-Alexandre, and Marlon Carranza. “Organized criminal violence and territorial control: Evidence from northern Honduras.” Journal of Peace Research 55.5 (2018): 566-581.
Berg, Louis-Alexandre. “Organized Crime and Political Mobilization Along Honduras’ Drug Routes.” Crime, Violence, and Justice in Latin America (2022).
Dursun-Özkanca, Oya. “Pitfalls of police reform in Costa Rica: Insights into security sector reform in non-military countries.” Peacebuilding 5.3 (2017): 320-338.
Handal, Cristina, and Clara Irazábal. “Gating Tegucigalpa, Honduras: The paradoxical effects of “Safer Barrios”.” Journal of Urban Affairs 44.1 (2022): 57-79.
Huhn, Sebastian. “A history of nonviolence? The social construction of Costa Rican peaceful identity.” Social Identities 15.6 (2009): 787-810.
Malone, Mary Fran T. “Fearing the “Nicas”: Perceptions of immigrants and policy choices in Costa Rica.” Latin American politics and society 61.1 (2019): 1-28.
Sada, Maria. “The curious case of Costa Rica: can an outlier sustain its success?.” Harvard International Review 36.4 (2015): 11-13.
Sanchez, Josué, and José Miguel Cruz. “The dynamics of criminal cooperation between the police and gangs in Honduras.” Trends in Organized Crime (2023): 1-21.
Ungar, Mark. “The Police of Honduras.” Global Perspectives in Policing and Law Enforcement 281 (2021).
Ziosi, Emilia. “Enablers of Cocaine Trafficking: Evidence of the State-Crime Nexus from Contemporary Honduras.” Journal of Illicit Economies and Development 4.2 (2022).
I will review literature broadly examining prisons, prison conditions, and the historical origins and evolutions of carceral strategies in Latin America, including:
Darke, Sacha, and Maria Lucía Karam. “Latin American prisons.” Handbook on prisons (2016): 460-474.
Darke, Sacha, et al., eds. Carceral communities in Latin America: Troubling prison worlds in the 21st century. Springer Nature, 2021.
Dikötter, Frank, and Ian Brown, eds. Cultures of confinement: a history of the prison in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Cornell University Press, 2018.
Fontes, Anthony W., and Kevin L. O’Neill. “La visita: Prisons and survival in Guatemala.” Journal of Latin American Studies 51.1 (2019): 85-107.
Fowler, Michael Ross, and Julie Marie Bunck. “Narcotics trafficking, Central American prisons, and the law.” Suffolk Transnat’l L. Rev. 25 (2001): 433.
Hathazy, Paul, and Markus-Michael Müller. “The rebirth of the prison in Latin America: determinants, regimes and social effects.” Crime, Law and Social Change 65 (2016): 113-135.
Klaufus, Christien, and Julienne Weegels. “From prison to pit: trajectories of a dispensable population in Latin America.” Mortality 27.4 (2022): 410-425.
Müller, Markus-Michael. “The rise of the penal state in Latin America.” Contemporary Justice Review 15.1 (2012): 57-76.
Müller, Markus-Michael. “The universal and the particular in Latin American penal state formation.” Criminalisation and advanced marginality. Policy Press, 2012. 195-216.
O’Neill, Kevin Lewis, and Anthony W. Fontes. “Making do: the practice of imprisonment in postwar Guatemala.” Journal of Latin American Geography (2017): 31-48.
Salvatore, Ricardo D., and Carlos Aguirre, eds. The birth of the penitentiary in Latin America: essays on criminology, prison reform, and social control, 1830-1940. University of Texas Press, 2010.
I will also look at literature on possibilities for and barriers to reforming prisons in the region and addressing specific problems, such as overcrowding:
Dammert, Lucía. “Rehabilitation in Latin America: Could innovation be fostered in precarious conditions?.” (2016).
de Leon Villalba, Francisco Javier. “Imprisonment and human rights in Latin America: An introduction.” The Prison Journal 98.1 (2018): 17-39.
Hathazy, Paul, and Markus-Michael Müller. “The crisis of detention and the politics of denial in Latin America.” International Review of the Red Cross 98.903 (2016): 889-916.
Limoncelli, Katherine E., Jeff Mellow, and Chongmin Na. “Determinants of intercountry prison incarceration rates and overcrowding in Latin America and the Caribbean.” International Criminal Justice Review 30.1 (2020): 10-29.
Lopez‐Aguado, Patrick. “The collateral consequences of prisonization: Racial sorting, carceral identity, and community criminalization.” Sociology Compass 10.1 (2016): 12-23.
Peirce, Jennifer. “‘It was supposed to be fair here’: Human rights and recourse mechanisms in the Dominican Republic’s prison reform process.” Journal of Human Rights 21.1 (2022): 91-109.
Rangel Torrijo, Hugo. “Cooperation and education in prison: A policy against the tide in the Latin American penitentiary crisis.” International Review of Education 65 (2019): 785-809.
Sotelo, Mahaleth, et al. “Public perceptions as a potential barrier for prison reform in Panama: An analysis of user comments on YouTube.” International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice (2023): 1-19.
Woods, Cindy S. “Addressing prison overcrowding in Latin America: a comparative analysis of the necessary precursors to reform.” ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law 22.3 (2016): 534-561
I will review literature on “punitive populism” in the region. This is important since prison populism, a subset of punitive populism which includes a slew of Mano Dura/tough on crime policies, is credited with being a key factor in the growth of the region’s prison populations (Vilalta & Fondevila, 2019). This is also important to understanding the region’s more punitive (as opposed to rehabilitative) approaches to incarceration.
Bonner, Michelle D. Tough on crime: The rise of punitive populism in Latin America. University of Pittsburgh Press, 2019.
Darke, Sacha. “Radical Alternatives to Punitive Detention.” Prisons, Inmates and Governance in Latin America. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. 329-363.
De Dardel, Julie, and Ola Söderström. “New punitiveness on the move: How the US prison model and penal policy arrived in Colombia.” Journal of Latin American Studies 50.4 (2018): 833-860.
Fanarraga, Irina, et al. “A Content Analysis of Prison Websites: Exploring Approaches to Rehabilitation in Latin America.” International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 66.6-7 (2022): 718-734.
Gul, Rais. “Our prisons punitive or rehabilitative? An analysis of theory and practice.” Policy Perspectives 15.3 (2018): 67-83.
Huhn, Sebastian. “Punitive populism and fear of crime in Central America.” The Routledge International Handbook on Fear of Crime 1 (2017): 388-402.
Singer, Alexa J., et al. “Economic anxieties, fear of crime, and punitive attitudes in Latin America.” Punishment & Society 22.2 (2020): 181-206.
Vilalta, Carlos, and Gustavo Fondevila. “Prison Populism in Latin America.” Unpublished manuscript (2019).
Next, I will examine literature linking prisons and prison governance to criminal governance. This includes work on prison gangs and their governance within prisons as well as extending beyond prisons, it also includes work on the concept of “self-governing” or “prisoner-run” prisons. I am admittedly less familiar with this work, but have identified the following literature as potentially relevant to review:
Butler, Michelle, Gavin Slade, and Camila Nunes Dias. “Self-governing prisons: Prison gangs in an international perspective.” Trends in Organized Crime (2018): 1-16.
Dias, Camila Nunes, and Sacha Darke. “From dispersed to monopolized violence: expansion and consolidation of the Primeiro Comando da Capital’s Hegemony in São Paulo’s prisons.” Crime, Law and Social Change 65 (2016): 213-225.
Dooley, Brendan D., Alan Seals, and David Skarbek. “The effect of prison gang membership on recidivism.” Journal of Criminal Justice 42.3 (2014): 267-275.
Guadalupe, Perez, et al. “Towards a Governance Model of Ungovernable Prisons: How Recognition of Inmate Organizations, Dialogue, and Mutual Respect Can Transform Violent Prisons in Latin America.” Cath. UL Rev. 70 (2021): 367.
Lessing, Benjamin, and Graham Denyer Willis. “Legitimacy in criminal governance: Managing a drug empire from behind bars.” American Political Science Review 113.2 (2019): 584-606.
Macaulay, Fiona. “Modes of prison administration, control and governmentality in Latin America: adoption, adaptation and hybridity.” Conflict, Security & Development 13.4 (2013): 361-392.
Macaulay, Fiona. “The policy challenges of informal prisoner governance.” (2017).
Martin, Tomas Max, Andrew M. Jefferson, and Mahuya Bandyopadhyay. “Sensing prison climates: Governance, survival, and transition.” Focaal 2014.68 (2014): 3-17.
Peirce, Jennifer, and Gustavo Fondevila. “Concentrated violence: The influence of criminal activity and governance on prison violence in Latin America.” International Criminal Justice Review 30.1 (2020): 99-130.
Rosen, Jonathan D., and José Miguel Cruz. “Dancing with the devil: Intervention programs under criminal governance in Northern Central America.” Criminology & Criminal Justice (2022): 17488958221140548.
Roth, M. Garrett, and David Skarbek. “Prison gangs and the community responsibility system.” Review of Behavioral Economics 1.3 (2014): 223-243.
Skarbek, David B. “Self-governance in San Pedro prison.” The Independent Review 14.4 (2010): 569-585.
Skarbek, David. “Covenants without the sword? Comparing prison self-governance globally.” American Political Science Review 110.4 (2016): 845-862.
Skarbek, David. “Governance and prison gangs.” American Political Science Review 105.4 (2011): 702-716.
Skarbek, David. “Prison gangs, norms, and organizations.” Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 82.1 (2012): 96-109.
Skarbek, David. The social order of the underworld: How prison gangs govern the American penal system. Oxford University Press, 2014.
Sozzo, Máximo. “Introduction: Inmate governance in Latin America. Context, trends and conditions.” Prisons, inmates and governance in Latin America. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. 1-32.
Weegels, Julienne. “Prison riots in Nicaragua: Negotiating co-governance amid creative violence and public secrecy.” International Criminal Justice Review 30.1 (2020): 61-82.
Building on work from South America and Honduras, neoliberalism is expected to shape crime and carceral strategies:
Antillano, Andrés, et al. “The Venezuelan prison: from neoliberalism to the Bolivarian revolution.” Crime, Law and Social Change 65 (2016): 195-211.
Antillano, Andrés. “The carceral reproduction of neoliberal order: power, ideology and economy in Venezuelan prison.” Prisons, Inmates and Governance in Latin America. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. 129-154.
Carter, John H. “Neoliberal penology and criminal finance in Honduras.” Prison Service Journal 229 (2017): 10-14.
Hathazy, Paul. “Remaking the prisons of the market democracies: new experts, old guards and politics in the carceral fields of Argentina and Chile.” Crime, law and social change 65 (2016): 163-193.
Iturralde, Manuel. “Neoliberalism and its impact on Latin American crime control fields.” Theoretical Criminology 23.4 (2019): 471-490.
Rivera, Lirio Gutiérrez, Iselin Åsedotter Strønen, and Margit Ystanes. “Coming of Age in the Penal System: Neoliberalism,‘Mano Dura’and the Reproduction of ‘Racialised’Inequality in Honduras.” The Social Life of Economic Inequalities in Contemporary Latin America: Decades of Change. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. 205-228.
Sozzo, Máximo. “Beyond the ‘neo-liberal penality thesis’? Punitive turn and political change in South America.” The Palgrave handbook of criminology and the global south (2018): 659-685.
Therefore, I will also briefly review work on neoliberalism and violence in Central America to see if this literature offers theoretical insights for this project:
Benson, Peter, Edward F. Fischer, and Kedron Thomas. “Resocializing suffering: Neoliberalism, accusation, and the sociopolitical context of Guatemala’s new violence.” Latin American Perspectives 35.5 (2008): 38-58.
Bull, Benedicte. “Governance in the aftermath of neoliberalism: Aid, elites and state capacity in Central America.” Forum for Development Studies. Vol. 43. No. 1. Routledge, 2016.
Osuna, Steven. “Transnational moral panic: Neoliberalism and the spectre of MS-13.” Race & Class 61.4 (2020): 3-28.
Wade, Christine J. “El Salvador: Contradictions of neoliberalism and building sustainable peace.” International Journal of Peace Studies (2008): 15-32.
Finally, I will look closely at all literature specifically on prisons in Honduras and Costa Rica:
Carter, Jon Horne. “Gothic sovereignty: Gangs and criminal community in a Honduran prison.” South Atlantic Quarterly 113.3 (2014): 475-502.
Carter, Jon. “Mass Incarceration, Co-Governance, and Prison Reform in Honduras: Inmate councils have been crucial to the day-to-day administration of a prison system functioning at its financial limits. But President Juan Orlando Hernández has other reforms in mind.” NACLA Report on the Americas 49.3 (2017): 354-359.
McLain, Kathryn. Recidivist Feedback Loop: An Examination of How Broken Prison Policies in El Salvador and Honduras Invigorate Youth Gangs. Diss. The George Washington University, 2010.
Norris, Brian. Prison Bureaucracies in the United States, Mexico, India, and Honduras. Lexington Books, 2018.
Rivera, Lirio Gutiérrez. “Geografías de violencia y exclusión: pandillas encarceladas en Honduras.” Latin American research review 47.2 (2012): 167-179.
Rodriguez Alvarez, Gloriana, and Alejandro Fernandez Muñoz. “From victimization to incarceration: Transgender women in Costa Rica.” Women & Criminal Justice 32.1-2 (2022): 131-162.
Rodríguez, Javier Llobet. “Punitiveness in Costa Rica.” Punitivity International Developments.: Vol. 2: Insecurity and Punitiveness. 70 (2011): 327.
Ureña, Jesús Bedoya. “Reformas punitivas en la Costa Rica de fin de siglo: novedad o inercia del pasado.” Delito y sociedad: revista de ciencias sociales 54 (2022): 23-46.
Gaps:
No existing study focuses comparatively on prisons and prison governance in Costa Rica and Honduras exists.
Much of the literature on criminal governance and criminal violence is not connected to work on prisons – thus this research would bring together these bodies of scholarship.
3. Articulate the significance of the topic.
Since 2000, criminal violence in Latin America has claimed over 2.5 million lives.
Prisons are both places of violence and can spur crime, as well as a key state resource in responding to and trying to address violent crime. Prison sentences are intended to deter would be offenders and to punish lawbreakers. Thus, understanding how prisons can reduce or contribute to crime is of fundamental importance, particularly in Latin America.
Prison conditions and human rights abuses in the carcel system in Honduras is a topic of particular relevance given numerous recent riots and fires have resulted in mass casualties in the penal system. For example, a fire in a male prison facility in Comayagua in 2012 resulted in 361 casualties and recently in 2023 a gang riot in a Honduran women’s prison resulted in 46 deaths.
This topic matters to me and builds on my research on comparative criminal governance and criminal violence in both Honduras and Costa Rica. On a more personal note, and of relevance to my proposed methodology, a relative of my adoptive Costa Rican family is currently serving a 10-year prison sentence and I have been able to visit him. I also have previously visited a prison facility in rural Honduras as part of a missionaries’ group outreach. Both experiences showed me first-hand the extreme hardships faced in these facilities and made me question their effectiveness at reducing violent crime.
4. Present preliminary ideas for your theory and expected findings.
This project proposes a comparative ethnographic study of prisons in Honduras and Costa Rica.
I expect to find that Costa Rica’s prison system is more rehabilitative while Honduras has taken a far more punitive approach. Differences in criminal dynamics and the nature of illicit economies, neoliberalism and US influence, criminal governance, crime control strategies and prison reforms have produced disparate policies and distinctive realities for those incarcerated in Costa Rica and Honduras. I expect to find that the Costa Rican model is more effective at reducing violence crime.
5. Preliminary ideas for how to test this question.
I plan to do extensive interviews and to the extent possible ethnographic work in prisons in Costa Rica and Honduras. I plan to select 2 prisons in each country for within country as well as cross-national comparisons.
As I plan to use ethnographic approaches, I will review work on ethnographies in prisons for practical and methodological insights:
Leal, William Carrillo, and David Mond. “From my prison cell: Time and space in prison in Colombia, an ethnographic approach.” Latin American Perspectives 28.1 (2001): 149-164.
Tritton, Pieter, and Jennifer Fleetwood. “An insider’s view of prison reform in Ecuador.” Prison Service Journal 229 (2017): 40-45.
Biondi, Karina. Sharing this walk: An ethnography of prison life and the PCC in Brazil. UNC Press Books, 2016.
Garces, Chris, and Sacha Darke. “Ethnographic reflexivity and ethics of community in the new mass carceral zone.” Carceral communities in Latin America: Troubling prison worlds in the 21st century (2021): 1-35.
6. Potential barriers to researching this topic and/or to completing this research project and how you plan to deal with these possible obstacles.
A major challenge for this project will be getting IRB permission since prisoners are a protected population. However, I plan to begin the IRB approval process well in advance (aiming for 1 year in advance) of when research would begin. This may need to be further accelerated if IRB approval is needed for grant applications.
Gaining access and trust in prisons is expected to be a challenge. However, I believe that given my personal connections in the selected countries where I will work and experience doing ethnographic research on and with illicit workers will ease my ability to work in prisons. In both Costa Rica and Honduras, I already have contacts within prisons.
Preliminary Research Plan Document
The main project that you will work on in this class is developing a formal research proposal to be submitted at the end of the semester. This preliminary document is meant to present your (mostly) finalized research question and to be a very rough sketch of your idea for your research proposal.
This document must include the following 6 key components:
Identify your main research question for your research proposal.
This question may still need to be edited slightly or tweaked, and that’s ok. However, this should be as close to the main question for your research proposal as possible.
Identify key literature on the topic and think about “gaps”.
Ideally, you are already somewhat familiar with the literature on the topic you are choosing and so hopefully you aren’t starting from scratch. Yet, even if you are already quite familiar with the existing literature on your topic, search Google Scholar and another reputable search engine (e.g., the UNR library) for literature you may have missed and/or may have been recently published to make sure you start building a complete sense of the existing relevant scholarship.
You are not expected to offer a literature review yet; however, that will be part of the proposal. For this document, you just need to identify (i.e., list citations) for literature that is highly pertinent to your topic and/or crucial to your research question. What this literature is depends entirely on your question and topic.
Start thinking about what gaps exist in the literature and how your proposed project might address these gaps. Write a sentence of two on this.
Note: At this stage, you are not expected to necessarily have carefully read all the identified relevant literature on your topic and so this “gap” may shift as you dig deeper into the literature.
Articulate the significance of the topic.
Write a short paragraph or two, preferably with some citations, about the significance of your topic. Why is this topic important to the discipline? Why is this topic important to society? Why is this topic important to you? Why should we care about this project?
Present preliminary ideas for your theory and expected findings.
What sort of answers do you expect to find in response to your proposed research question?
Write a short paragraph describing your preliminary ideas for your theory.
Present preliminary ideas for how you could test this question.
Start thinking about approaches to test your proposed research question (e.g., a survey experiment, case studies).
Note, this may (very likely) change throughout the semester due to learning about more methodological approaches. Nonetheless, it’s a good idea to start thinking about how you might want to (or be able to) test the question you are proposing.
Identify potential barriers to researching this topic and/or to completing this research project and how you plan to deal with these possible obstacles.
Preliminary research plan for Syrian Refugees Crisis in Turkey and Sweden
1. Main Research Questions
How does the resettlement policy impact the social and political environment in Sweden and Turkey?
Do Syrian refugees in urban centers have better economic outcomes than those in rural areas?
What factors contribute to the economic success of Syrian refugees in Turkey and Sweden?
What is the impact of resettlement on school enrollment?(will be deleted)
What are the impacts of the resettlement policy on integrating Syrian refugees?
2. Key literature on the topic
The literature sources for the topic will range from hardcover and online sources. Hardcover sources will be history textbooks about the war in Syria and the rise of the Islamic State. Online sources will encompass peer-reviewed articles on the refugee crisis in Syria and beyond. Journals discussing the implications of war, especially in the Middle East, will form an integral part of the research. The literature sources will help us understand the refugee crisis in Syria and other countries to show its genesis and evolution. Some of the works that will be utilized in the paper include:
Knappert, Lena, et al. “Personal contact with refugees is key to welcoming them: An analysis of politicians’ and citizens’
Collepals.com Plagiarism Free Papers
Are you looking for custom essay writing service or even dissertation writing services? Just request for our write my paper service, and we'll match you with the best essay writer in your subject! With an exceptional team of professional academic experts in a wide range of subjects, we can guarantee you an unrivaled quality of custom-written papers.
Get ZERO PLAGIARISM, HUMAN WRITTEN ESSAYS
Why Hire Collepals.com writers to do your paper?
Quality- We are experienced and have access to ample research materials.
We write plagiarism Free Content
Confidential- We never share or sell your personal information to third parties.
Support-Chat with us today! We are always waiting to answer all your questions.
