In week 13, your timeline and outline of your project will be due. At this point, you have been working with your faculty advisor to gather ideas and work through the specifics of your project

Aguinaldo, L. D. (MD), Sullivant, S. (MD), Lanzillo, E. C. (MD), Ross, A. (MD), He, J. P. (MD), Bradley-Ewing, A., Bridge, J. A. (MD), Horowitz, L. M. (MD), & Wharff, E. A (MD) (2021)

Published in General Hospital Psychiatry

Article Focus/Title

Validation of the ask suicide-screening questions (ASQ) with youth in outpatient specialty and primary care clinics

Research Design/Intervention (describe intervention)

Cross-sectional study: Nonintervention

Level of Evidence and model used to grade evidence

‘Level IV: Johns Hopkins’.

Evaluation Tool (CASP or others- identify tool used)

JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies, 8/8

Sample/# of subjects, how recruited, power analysis?

Five hundred and fifteen young persons (10-21 years old) who were able to speak with clinic staff in English were surveyed. Overall, 918 patients were screened for inclusion in the study, and after determining that 827 of them were qualified, 525 were formally invited to take part and given the opportunity to do so with their informed consent. Seven patients who were fully engaged in the study after giving their consent attended their outpatient specialty or primary care session but did not complete the study interview for various reasons and were therefore excluded from the analysis. The Research Associate (RA) made a mistake while collecting data via research survey or RED Cap, and as a result, three participants were left out of the analysis. Additionally, the remaining 515 patients were considered..

Data Collection Procedure

After receiving written or verbal feedback from patients 18 or older and parents/guardians of those younger than 18, the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire and Demographic/Clinical Variables Questionnaire were administered.

Instruments and

Reliability/validity

of instruments

Both the SIQ/SIQ Jr. and the ASQ were utilized; the SIQ/SIQ Jr. is a short version of the SIQ, which has been shown to have good reliability (SIQ: r = 0.97; SIQ-JR: r =0.94), validity, and predictive power when compared to the gold standard of the Suicidal Behavior Interview.

Data Analysis- id statistics, LOM, findings

Multivariate binary logistic regression modeling was used to examine associations between ASQ-detected suicide risks and demographic, clinical, and other characteristics . The coefficients of the multivariate logistic regression were exponentiated to calculate the adjusted odds ratios. The level of statistical significance was set at P = 0.05.

Results

The ASQ revealed that 45 people out of 335 had considered suicide. Only four people  tested positive on the ASQ. A positive ASQ screen was 11.4 times more likely to be observed in the suicide-at-risk population compared to the general population . When comparing the SIQ/SIQ Jr. to the 4-item ASQ screen, there was substantial agreement between the two measures.

Discussion/

Significance of findings

The ASQ appears to be a valid instrument for use in identifying patients at greater suicide risk in pediatric outpatient specialty or primary care clinics, and it compares favorably to the gold standard SIQ/SIQ Jr. This study's findings provide further evidence that the ASQ has sufficient content validity, supporting the earlier conclusion. The ASQ was created as a primary screening tool to assist doctors in identifying which individuals require further diagnostic workup.

Reliability and Validity of study, limitations

Little, if any, justification exists to question the veracity of the data presented. This is because the ASQ is being used in both general pediatric practices and those specializing in treating children with mental health issues. Associations with suicide risk as measured by the ASQ were investigated using multivariate binary logistic regression modeling. Both data preparation and analysis were carried out. Appropriate consent was obtained from the patient. The National Institute of Mental Health and the local research institutions both gave their stamp of approval to the study.

Our convenience sample may not be representative of young people in general who seek medical care in more typical outpatient settings, which is one of the study's weaknesses. Participation in the trial may have affected patients' responses to suicide risk screenings (i.e., before or after their clinic appointment in outpatient specialty care). Researchers speculate that persistent questioning about suicidal thoughts has worn people down.

Helpful/Reliable

Compared to other articles

The study's findings were helpful since they confirmed that this screening tool is useful for identifying young people at risk for suicide in an outpatientprimary care context. The authors, however, should have broadened their focus to include metropolitan tertiary care centers..

Author, year; Credentials Article #2

Farrer, L. M. (Registered Psychologist), Gulliver, A. (Research Fellow), Katruss, N. (Research Assistant), Bennett, K. (credential not identified), Bennett, A. (credential not identified), Ali, K. (PhD research student), & Griffiths, K. M. (Emeritus Professor) (2020).

Published in the British Journal of Guidance & Counselling

Article Focus/Title

‘Development of the Uni Virtual Clinic: an online program for improving the mental health of university students’.

Research Design/Intervention (describe intervention)

A participatory research method was used for this study. There was reduced burden on university resources thanks to the implementation of evidence-based online therapies for students who were typically underserved or socially isolated.

Level of Evidence and model used to grade evidence

‘Level I: (Dearholt et al., 2017)’.

Evaluation Tool (CASP or others- identify tool used)

The CASP for qualitative checklist 9/10

Sample/# of subjects, how recruited, power analysis?

Four focus groups with undergrads (n = 5, 5, 4, 5) constituted the bulk of the qualitative methodologies used. Twenty persons participated in three sessions of prototype testing, a workshop for student leaders, and an assessment of the pilot UVC. In order to determine what kinds of resources various student groups at the university would benefit from, the project team held a number of in-person talks with representatives from those groups.

Data Collection Procedure

The present evidence for technologies that promoted the mental health of college students was investigated through systematic reviews. Quantitative and qualitative research approaches were used to investigate the effectiveness of peer-to-peer support interventions, as well as to collect the views and opinions of key stakeholders. Quantitative approaches included a survey of university faculty and staff who were directly involved in student instruction and supervision, and a separate poll of the students themselves.

Instruments and

Reliability/validity

of instruments

Methods including surveys and in-person conversations or focus groups were employed. The researcher can receive a clear picture of the product's reception, as well as the customers' real thoughts, opinions, and impressions, thanks to the use of focus groups, which are considered credible. The dependability of surveys is demonstrated by their consistently reproducing comparable results.

Data Analysis- id statistics, LOM, findings

Percentages were used to record all of the information gathered. Positive attitudes about involvement were evident, with all 19 positive questions having average scores above 0, suggesting agreement.

Results

All 19 positive questions had average values over zero, suggesting agreement, and the majority of respondents (M = 0.96, SD = 0.24) agreed with the assertion that attitudes toward involvement were typically positive. All 13 of the negative categories were rated below 0, suggesting disagreement. Ratings above 0  , showed the strongest agreement.

Discussion/

Significance of findings

The needs of the UVC's target demographic could not have been met without the use of participatory design methods during development. Universities can play an important role in creating mentally healthy environments to learn and live if UVC's work to reduce the prevalence of mental health problems among at-risk children and the negative outcomes associated with them is successful.

Reliability and Validity of study, limitations

Students' input into the design process helped the team take into account students' changing needs, the dynamic nature of academic institutions, and the dynamic nature of web design and development approaches to e-mental health care. There were drawbacks to the study, such as the fact that it would add significant time and effort to the content creation and website development processes if end users were included in the  development process. Since disagreements arose frequently concerning the nature and operation of UVC, it was challenging to reach a consensus on the final program.

Helpful/Reliable

Compared to other articles

Validating the promise of Uni Virtual Clinic  to help institutions of higher education better meet the psychiatric needs of their students. The study's findings were straightforward and simple to comprehend.

Author, year; Credentials Article #3

‘LeCloux, M. A., Weimer, M., Culp, S. L., Bjorkgren, K., Service, S., & Campo, J. V. (2020)’. The authors credentials are not identified. Published by Elsevier Inc.”

Article Focus/Title

The Feasibility and Impact of a Suicide Risk Screening Program in Rural Adult Primary Care: A Pilot Test of the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions Toolkit

Research Design/Intervention (describe intervention)

Quasi experiment research design. Ask Suicide-Screening Questions was used to conduct a suicide screening with patients who presented for routine and sick visits; patients who tested positive for suicidal ideation were then subjected to additional screening using the same instrument.

Level of Evidence and model used to grade evidence

‘Level III: Johns Hopkins’

Evaluation Tool (CASP or others- identify tool used)

CASP for Qualitative checklist, score 9/10

Sample/# of subjects, how recruited, power analysis?

The baseline sample included 274 patients. Patients consented electronically. A 2 phased design was used to collected date from patients who presented for routine or sick visit in a rural primary care clinic. Electronic medical records for patients 18 or older were collected, this data was logged and identified by the clinician into spread sheet.

Data Collection Procedure

As part of an online survey, patients were asked to complete both the ASQ and a shorter, 5-item Screening Opinions Questionnaire.   The primary care physician  conducted a brief suicide risk assessment using the BSSA as a guide, and then provided disposition planning for patients who screened positive for suicide risk. The patient's risk profile was then documented in their electronic medical record. In this study, the researcher accessed the EMR to collect data.

Instruments and

Reliability/validity

of instruments

Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ) questionnaires were utilized. In  young and adult inpatients,  it has shown both high sensitivity  and strong specificity.  

Data Analysis- id statistics, LOM, findings

All data was uploaded to SPSS 26 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were utilized to evaluate the aforementioned viability markers. Chi-square analysis followed by Fisher's exact test was utilized to evaluate the two time periods' client testing and suicide risk assessment procedure rates.

Results

Intervention period reports of suicide risk screening were significantly higher than baseline period reports ( P 0.001). In addition, 6.2% of cases showed signs of suicidal ideation throughout the intervention phase, whereas only 0.7% did so during the baseline phase ( P 0.001).

Discussion/

Significance of findings

Preliminary results from this study indicate that the ASQ and BSSA can be helpful in identifying persons in rural areas who are at risk for suicide and are seeking primary care. Rural primary care settings are ideal for implementing suicide risk screening programs.

Reliability and Validity of study, limitations

Before beginning the study, the  university obtained complete permission from its institutional oversight board for all study methods. The ASQ Toolkit has been found to increase the rate of risk identification in adults receiving primary care, while maintaining the validity and reliability of the research. Pilot in nature, with participants being of the same race seeing the same rural primary care doctor, the study had several inherent limitations. As this was a two-part study, there were additional variations between the study's initial and final stages.

Helpful/Reliable

Compared to other articles

These results are comparable with those of earlier empirical research, which have shown that suicide risk screening is possible and acceptable to most patients.

Men, V. Y., Emery, C. R., & Yip, P. S. F. (2021). Credentials are not listed. All the authors have affiliation with Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong.

Published in Psycho‐ Oncology Journal

Article Focus/Title

‘Characteristics of cancer patients who died by suicide’.

Research Design/Intervention (describe intervention)

Cross-sectional study: No intervention

Level of Evidence and model used to grade evidence

‘Level IV: Johns Hopkins’

Evaluation Tool (CASP or others- identify tool used)

‘JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies, 8/8’.

Sample/# of subjects, how recruited, power analysis?

Researchers were able to determine that 14,446 people committed suicide in the years 2003 to 2017 by analyzing data from previous records. The cases were divided into cancer and non-cancer categories based on the provided medical records. Of the 14,446 people who took their own lives, 1,461 (10%) had been diagnosed with cancer before. 

Data Collection Procedure

Information from archives was used,  the Coroner's Court reports. The cases were divided into cancer and non-cancer categories based on the provided medical records. Details about the victim's socioeconomic status and the circumstances surrounding the suicide were among the information gleaned from the reports.

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