December 9, 2022

A complete report is presented to an excellent standard with an original and detailed combination of team-level observations or individual observations will good details about what are the

1.Criteria description：

A complete report is presented to an excellent standard with an original and detailed combination of team-level observations or individual observations will good details about what are the experience and how you or team managed those; as well as evaluations or reflections on the experience. Project critical success factors literature was well understood and studied to evaluate your experience and explored ‘why’ the experience. Meaningful recommendations for future practice, which are detailed enough for showing how exactly an issue could be dealt with. Such recommendations are clearly based on your experience and research, showing good guidance for your future study and practice. (Scoring details are in the attachment）

Tips:

1500 words +-10% (exclude reference list)

Times New Roman, Calibri font, size 12, Arial font, size 11, line spacing 1.5，Harvard format for references

Theoretical knowledge combined with real-life practice

2. Points of collection:

My role in the team is Scriptwriter, mid-term PPT and speechwriter. The results of the PPT are shown in the attachment. Other’s role include Video Capture & Edit, Voice Over, Researcher, Story-boarder, Producer, Interviewer, Planner.

① Observation/experience of a certain point:

What happened 10 marks

When did it happen/ In what situation it happened 3 marks

What is your/other’s role 2 marks

What did you or others do? 7 marks

At the moment: why or what were the motivations for you to do so? 8 marks

What are consequences of doing so? 15 marks

② Evaluations and reflection:

A statement of :

Did it go well/wrong?/What was positive and negative? /The impacts on project delivery or you 5 marks

Detailed reflection:

Thinking back: Why it was well /not well?/What did you/others do well/not so well in the point you mentioned? 10 marks

What theory/research can also explain why this worked well/not well? 15 marks

③Recommendation–how to avoid this failure/continue the success

What would you do in a similar situation

Generalise the specific learning point/situation/events/ideas 5 marks

Detailed guidance of actions – What aspects of knowledge/skills do you want to develop/a step-by-step detailed method summarised 10 marks

Recommendations are supported by observation or literature 10 marks

3.Notes for your individual coursework:

You need to have both individual-level (yourself) and team-level (collective/others) learning in your report

You need to fulfil the lower marking criteria first, then you can be considered for the next level

For example, if your description of your events/experience is not detailed enough, even though you have a good analysis to literature, it will not be marked to 60

Good experience is also an important learning source

The nature of this report is self-reflection, so using first-person is allowed. However, your reflections cannot be subjective.

No plagiarism (including self-plagiarism)

1.Criteria description：

Tips:

1500 words +-10% (exclude reference list)

Times New Roman, Calibri font, size 12, Arial font, size 11, line spacing 1.5)

Points of collection:

① Observation/experience of a certain point:

What happened 10 marks

When did it happen/ In what situation it happened 3 marks

What is your/other’s role 2 marks

What did you or others do? 7 marks

At the moment: why or what were the motivations for you to do so? 8 marks

What are consequences of doing so? 15 marks

② Evaluations and reflection:

A statement of :

Did it go well/wrong?/What was positive and negative? /The impacts on project delivery or you 5 marks

Detailed reflection:

Thinking back: Why it was well /not well?/What did you/others do well/not so well in the point you mentioned? 10 marks

What theory/research can also explain why this worked well/not well? 15 marks

③Recommendation–how to avoid this failure/continue the success

What would you do in a similar situation

Generalise the specific learning point/situation/events/ideas 5 marks

Detailed guidance of actions – What aspects of knowledge/skills do you want to develop/a step-by-step detailed method summarised 10 marks

Recommendations are supported by observation or literature 10 marks

3.Notes for your individual coursework:

You need to have both individual-level (yourself) and team-level (collective/others) learning in your report

You need to fulfil the lower marking criteria first, then you can be considered for the next level

For example, if your description of your events/experience is not detailed enough, even though you have a good analysis to literature, it will not be marked to 60

Good experience is also an important learning source

The nature of this report is self-reflection, so using first-person is allowed. However, your reflections cannot be subjective.

No plagiarism (including self-plagiarism)

Introduction to Project Management and ENGM 60061

Dr Kun Wang

[email protected]

Intended learning outcome

By the end of this course, we expect you to:

1. Be able to define ‘project’ and ‘project management’

2. Get to know the development of project management discipline

3. Identify the characteristics and the key terms of managing projects

4. Have an overview of ENGM60061

1. Definition of ‘Project’ and ‘Project Management’

1.1 Definition of ‘Project’

1.1.1 Etymology of project:

“c. 1400: projecte, "a plan, draft, scheme, design"

Medieval Latin:proiectum "something thrown forth"

Modern English:The word “project” means something thrown forth or out; an idea or conception (Oxford English Dictionary);

1.1.2 Definitions from Associations

According to the (Project Management Institute, USA)PMI:

“A temporary endeavour undertaken to create a unique product or service.”

According to the (Association for Project Management, UK )APM, a project is:

“An undertaking which, via a series of planned activities, is designed to achieve a particular objective by a particular time.”

The word “project” means something thrown forth or out; an idea or conception

Characteristics
Temporary, particular time	Dead woods VS high motivated members New knowledge VS no time to get familiar Deadlines Feeling unsafe about the position Flexible leadership skills More justification on benefits …

A temporary endeavour undertaken to create a unique product or service.

An undertaking which, via a series of planned activities, is designed to achieve a particular objective by a particular time.

Our thoughts

Reading

A theory of the temporary organization

https://www-sciencedirect-com.manchester.idm.oclc.org/science/article/pii/095652219500036U

Predicting temporary agency workers' behaviors: Justice, volition, and spillover

https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/13620431111115622/full/html?casa_token=wUqjbvG4MMoAAAAA:7rIxaSJFLCXLap7L__m6rmrqhs74V81M97IeXcI-dRjChBAchEC-LK77YstgZP9saaoZeQ4ps65W9GZaBHdsB_QJAh-8hQPvwvSjFlDmePJKjEtDDE0b

You can search “behaviour”

OR “management”

AND “temporary organisation” and try to categorise the topic yourself

Recommended tool: University library webpage, google scholar, web of science, Scopus

1.2 Definition of Project Management

The word “project” means something thrown forth or out; an idea or conception (Oxford English Dictionary); “management” is “the art of arranging physical and human resources towards purposeful ends” (Wren 2005: 12).

Project management therefore means…the application of processes, methods, skills, knowledge and experience to achieve specific project objectives according to the project acceptance criteria within agreed parameters. Project management has final deliverables that are constrained to a finite timescale and budget.

1.2.1 Key roles in managing a project

Project sponsor

Project sponsor is an individual or a group that provides resources and support for the project and is accountable for enabling success.

Project clients is the person(s) or organization(s) that will pay for the project's product, service, or result.

Clients

Project Manager

Other stakeholders

Project Board

Project Team members

Project team

1.2.2 Throw a project forth

Project management application of processes, methods, skills, knowledge and experience to achieve specific project objectives according to the project acceptance criteria within agreed parameters. Project management has final deliverables that are constrained to a finite timescale and budget.

Project goals are the high-level benefits that the project should generate, while project objectives are the specific milestones or steps that are needed to complete them. If you don’t have a clear target your project is going to miss the mark.

Objective should be

• Specific

• Measurable

• Achievable

• Realistic

• Time bound

1.2.2 Throwing-a-project-forth – 2

Deliverables

Project deliverables refer to all of the outputs—tangible or intangible—that are submitted within the scope of a project.

Scope

What is included in your project and what is not

Business case

A business case essentially states the reasons for undertaking the project. It explains business needs that the project will meet and what are the expected benefits and return on investment for project stakeholders.

1.2.3 Output of your initial thoughts – a project charter

A project charter is a formal, typically short document that describes your project in its entirety — including what the objectives are, how it will be carried out, and who the stakeholders are.

2. Development of Modern Project Management Discipline

3300BC – 2000BC

Liangzhu China

2686 BC－ 2181 BC

Pyramids, Egypt

2.1 Get separated from engineering

US defence –aerospace sector, 1953

InterContinental Ballistic Missiles

2.1.1 Managing complex engineering system

Urgent

High-complex

How fast can we get it?

Make it controllable

2.1.2 Main tools to response management needs of complex system

How fast can we get it?

Developed by Dupont, Critical Path Method is a technique used to predict project duration by analysing which sequence of activities has the least amount of flexibility.

Make it controllable – project life cycle

Different terms used to describe the phases in a project’s life cycle:

Initiation – Planning – Execution – Closeout

Concept – Definition – Development – Handover and Closeout – Benefits Realisation

Defining – Planning – Executing – Delivering

Key Variables Across Project Life Cycles

Make it controllable – work breakdown structure (WBS)

WBS is an exhaustive, hierarchical tree structure of deliverables and tasks that need to be performed to complete a project.

2.2 Get separated from general management

Project management can help a company

achieve its strategic goals in the light of:

Compressed product life cycles with a narrow product launch windows

Increasingly complex and technical products

Increased customer focus

Emergence of global markets/competition

Temporary competitive advantage

Strategic agility and emergent strategies

Views of project success and failure

The success of project management is measured in terms of completing the project within the constraints of Cost, Time, Scope and Quality(resources, and risk).

These were searched within International journal of Project Management

2.3 On becoming an independent profession

What do you mean by project management ?

Everything is project management…???

3. Overview of ENGM 60061 coursework

Please check

Unit guide / assessment areas for deadlines

Assignment brief for requirements

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Overview of Project Planning

Project Scheduling

Dr Kun Wang [email protected]

Learning objectives:

Understand project planning and its importance

Understand project scope management, product breakdown structures, and work breakdown structures

Compare different project scheduling tools

Apply project crashing techniques (Elearning, Week4, Week 7)

By the end of this week, we would like you to be able to:

Leading case for this lecture

There is a Covid -60061 around and the

cases of infection have increased dramatically.

Let’s build a hospital within 19 days for the kingdom of MoP!

Project planning

Planning is the process of thinking regarding the activities required to achieve a desired goal.

Let’s roll this material

Let’s save life

Look up at the starry sky, stand on solid ground

The project plan, also called project management plan, answers the who, what, where, why, how and when of the project.

Project planning is a –

Team sport

Progressing work

Key to project success

(Conrad Heine, 2022)

You are going to use it for:

Guiding your project implementation;

Tracking progress;

Acting as a baseline and correcting actions;

Communicating with stakeholders.

Scope management during the planning

We need a scope of work before starting any project!

•Scope comprises the totality of the outputs, outcomes and benefits and the work required to produce them

•Scope management is the process whereby outputs, outcomes and benefits are identified, defined, and controlled

It also determines what are out of the scope

What we have set up in the scope management is deliverable, which is a tangible or intangible good or service produced as a result of a project that is intended to be delivered

Expectations

&justifications

Scope management

Details of what should we deliver

The output of scope management is a specification that can be presented as a product breakdown structure (PBS) showing the deliverables and a work breakdown structure (WBS) showing the work required to produce the deliverables

(Project management institution Body of knowledge 6th edition, 2017)

PBS is a hierarchical structure that shows the deliverables of the project.

Considering some construction projects with unique functions as a product, some project managers also use zone breakdown structure.

Hospital

1.1Entrance

1.1.1Reception

1.1.2Sterile

1.1.2.1Changing room

1.1.2.2Sterilization of instruments room

1.2 in-patient department

1.2.1 normal beds

1.2.2 ICU

1.3 Surgical room

A simplified hospital PBS

An example of WBS (Source :Abdellatif, 2017)

WBS is a hierarchical structure that shows work required to create the products. Lowest level of a WBS shows the activities that would be used to create a network diagram for time scheduling

What information can we obtain from/ why do we need a breakdown structure?

https://smallbusiness.chron.com/importance-work-breakdown-structure-54294.html

A milestone is a specific point within a project’s life cycle used to measure the progress toward the ultimate goal. Milestones in project management are used as signal posts for a project's start or end date, external reviews or input, budget checks, submission of a major deliverable, etc. A milestone is a reference point that marks a significant event or a branching decision point within a project.

Examples of project milestones

While the final deliverable or product is indeed a significant milestone, there are several other milestones that will help you move smoothly toward the final goal. An example of a milestone in project management could be any of the following:

The beginning and end dates for project phases

Getting approval from a stakeholder that allows you to move to the next phase

Key deliverables, meetings, or events

Milestone

Gantt chart

WBS

Milestones

What information can you obtain from a Gantt chart? Any benefits of using

Gantt chart?

https://gobridgit.com/blog/what-is-a-gantt-chart-and-why-is-it-important/

(Blackwell, 2015)

Network Diagram

The network diagram is a graphical representation of the project’s activities showing the planned sequence of work; it turns a list of activities to be completed into a flow diagram that outlines:

–Project activities to be completed

–Logical sequence of activities during project life cycle

–Duration of activities and the project duration

–Length of time an activity can be delayed by

–Activities that are more sensitive to delay (critical)

A network is a group or system of interconnected people or things. So a network diagram includes nodes and connections.

Information in a node

Putting activities into the nodes of a network

A: Designing

B: Foundation digging

C: Equipment transportation

D: Plumbing

E: Wiring

F: Unit fitting

Step 1: Draw table to highlight Activities and Dependencies

Step 2: Draw the Network Diagram

Arrows to link the nodes

Critical path analysis calculates the earliest and latest dates for the performance of each activity and hence the overall duration of the project. It then calculates the amount that individual activities can be delayed without affecting the project finish.

Critical path is the longest path (or paths) through the network

Delayed tasks were only worth worrying about if they were likely to affect (go on to) the critical path

We must constantly run schedule risk analysis and determine what the current critical path is (as it WILL change)

Forward Pass

The forward pass through the network determines the earliest an activity can start, based on the defined schedule logic

Forward Pass—Earliest Times

How soon can the activity start? (early start—ES)

How soon can the activity finish? (early finish—EF)

How soon can the project finish? (expected time—ET)

Float is a measure of an activity’s flexibility, showing how many units (minutes, hours, days) an activity can be delayed before it will extend the completion date of the project

Float = LS – ES

= LF – EF

Backward Pass

The backward pass through the network determines the latest an activity can finish without delaying the project completion date, based on the defined schedule logic.

19-19=0

16-10=6

8+6=14, since the latest finish time is 16, earliest finish time is 10

it gives us a 6 days float to delay the day 8 start with 6 days

3+9=12

8+0=8

8 VS 14, the latest start time for D,E are 8 and 14, if we finished B later than day 8, D start will be delayed, so we chose 8

8-8=0

3+0=0

16-2=14, Finish time – duration = start time

Backward Pass—Latest Times

How late can the activity start? (late start—LS)

How late can the activity finish? (late finish—LF)

Which activities represent the critical path?

How long can activity be delayed? (slack or float—SL)

A->B->D->F

Basic Rules

1.Networks have a start and an end, flow left to right

2.Activities should not be looped

3.An activity cannot begin until all preceding connected activities are complete (finish-to-start relationship)

4.An activity needs a unique identification number and activities should be numbered sequentially

5.Lines can cross (although it makes it more difficult to read and follow)!

6. You may have more than one critical path

Finished ?

Why do we need to know critical path?

If it's important for your project to finish on schedule, pay close attention to the tasks on the critical path and the resources assigned to them. If a critical task takes longer than expected or a resource is suddenly unavailable for a critical task, the project will not be completed by the original finish date. (Micosoft, 2021)

Mostly, it’s a challenge to allocate resources effectively to ensure optimal utilization of resources. Without knowing the critical tasks, you may end up assigning your best resources to tasks that are of less importance and vice-versa.

Another major highlight of the CPM technique is that you can modify your network diagram to adjust work changes that may happen while proceeding with project tasks. (proofhub, 2022)

More importantly – how can we manage a critical path?

See you in mid-term

Project crashing

Project crashing is a method for shortening project’s duration by reducing time of one or more activities;

Usually we will cost more due to we need to finish one activity sooner; such cost called direct cost, which are the resources that are directly spent on project, e.g labour.

However, there are also indirect cost that is you need to spend every day/week/year anyway, such as renting an office, thi

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