The study of ethics is a very practical endeavor. By using critical thinking skills and applying sound ethical reasoning, you will not only be better equipped to address ethical issues but also better prepared to articulate your reasoning to others.
The study of ethics is a very practical endeavor. By using critical thinking skills and applying sound ethical reasoning, you will not only be better equipped to address ethical issues but also better prepared to articulate your reasoning to others. The Discussion Board allows for an opportunity to share ideas with your peers on the subjects and issues you will address.
To make the most out of your learning experience and earn a good Discussion grade, you must respond substantially to at least two classmates’ postings for each topic. You should write at least 200 words in the original post; then you should post with content and detail on the posts to your peers. Aim for at least four sentences in each post to your peers, building the Discussion with references to the reading, application in your life, or other information to help share your perspective. With the original reply and two posts to your peers, this means you will post three times total to each Discussion topic.
In addition to your posted answer, be sure to comment on at least two of your classmates’ post and participate regularly. Responses to others can come in many forms and can include the following:
Responding to the ideas or details of someone else’s responses.
Taking a concept from the reading and applying it to life, to the reading itself, to your work, or to the questions you’re asked to answer.
Helping a peer understand a concept from the reading.
Sharing a story from work or your community that illustrates the reading.
Asking questions on points you need help understanding.
Explaining why you answered a question in a specific way.
Pointing out how different answers took the question in different directions/noting a pattern/suggesting an explanation.
Developing theories to explain patterns you see in the reading.
Summarizing aspects of the assigned reading and asking for help from your peers in figuring out how you would apply this concept in a real world situation.
Choose ONE of the following to answer on this Discussion Board:
A: Discuss your views on ethics. How do you determine if something is ethical and do you believe that ethics are relative? Explain your views with examples.
Or
B: Consider the consequentialist theories of utilitarianism and ethical egoism. Provide an example from your own experience of someone using utilitarianism and an example of someone using ethical egoism. Were they being ethical? Explain why or why not.
HU245 Ethics
Unit 2 Discussion
In this week’s Discussion, you will explore the major groups of ethical theories we call nonconsequentialist (deontological) and virtue theories. There are multiple theories in each category that you will be able to address in this week’s Discussion. These theories will serve as the foundation for all future Discussions and Assignments for the course. Having an opportunity to discuss these with your instructor and peers will help you understand how to use them to address ethical issues and questions.
Choose ONE of the following to answer on this Discussion Board:
A: Which of the nonconsequentialist theories (Kantian Ethics, Divine Command Theory, Prima Facie Duties, etc.) do you find to be most logical? Discuss the merits of the theory and weaknesses.
Or
B: Provide an example of who you believe is the “ideal virtuous person.” Describe their character and what virtues they possess that makes them “ideal.”
In addition to your posted answer, be sure to comment on at least two of your classmates’ post and participate regularly. Responses to others can come in many forms and can include the following:
Responses to the ideas or details of someone else’s responses.
Application of a concept from the reading to life or to the questions you’re asked to answer.
Assistance for a peer in understanding a concept from the reading.
Sharing a story from work or your community that illustrates the reading.
Asking questions on points you need help understanding.
An explanation of why you answered a question in a specific way.
Pointing out how different answers took the question in different directions/noting a pattern/suggesting an explanation.
Developing theories to explain patterns you see in the reading.
Summarizing aspects of the assigned reading and asking for help from your peers in figuring out how you would apply this concept in a real world situation.
HU245 Ethics
Unit 3 Discussion
In this week’s Discussion, you will explore how ethics applies to issues in medicine. Bioethics is a distinct subject that takes medical and biological issues and analyzes them using ethical reasoning and theory. The topics discussed in bioethics are varied but these issues impact your lives directly.
Confidentiality is both common sense and professional convention, per the Hippocratic Oath, in the sense “I will respect the privacy of my patients, for their problems are not disclosed to me that the world may know” (Lasagna, 1964). It is an obligation not only of those who are called up to take the oath as a matter of course, but all healthcare professionals.
Lasagna, L. (1964). “Hippocratic Oath — Modern Version.” WGGH Educational Foundation for PBS and NOVA Online. Retrieved June 2, 2015 from the NOVA site: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/hippocratic-oath-today.html
Choose ONE of the following to answer on this Discussion Board:
A: Are there instances in which private medical information should be revealed to others in order to protect individuals or the public from harm? Please explain your position using ethical reasoning and theories.
Or
B: Compare the original Hippocratic Oath and the modern version created by Dr. Louis Lasagna in 1948. What difference do you find to be most drastic? Which version do you believe better reflects your own view of ethics?
In addition to your posted answer, be sure to comment on at least two of your classmates’ post and participate regularly. Responses to others can come in many forms and can include the following:
Responses to the ideas or details of someone else’s responses.
Application of a concept from the reading to life or to the questions you’re asked to answer.
Assistance for a peer in understanding a concept from the reading.
Sharing a story from work or your community that illustrates the reading.
Asking questions on points you need help understanding.
An explanation of why you answered a question in a specific way.
Pointing out how different answers took the question in different directions/noting a pattern/suggesting an explanation.
Developing theories to explain patterns you see in the reading.
Summarizing aspects of the assigned reading and asking for help from your peers in figuring out how you would apply this concept in a real world situation.
HU245 Ethics
Unit 4 Discussion
In this week’s discussion, you and your peers will discuss issues related to the end of life. As technology advances, society faces new challenges as the ability to artificially prolong life creates new ethical issues. You and your peers will discuss some of these issues and discuss what rights people have or should have when it comes to ending their lives and how these choices impact society.
Choose ONE of the following to answer on this Discussion Board:
A: Consider passive euthanasia (allowing someone to die) and active euthanasia (administering drugs that cause death). Is one more ethical than the other? Explain your reasoning with ethical theory.
Or
B: Consider the practice of physician assisted suicide. Explain whether or not this practice is ethical and why. If you believe it is, explain what requirements should be met before such a request be granted (age, terminal diagnosis, level of pain, etc.)
In addition to your posted answer, be sure to comment on at least two of your classmates’ post and participate regularly. Responses to others can come in many forms and can include the following:
Responses to the ideas or details of someone else’s responses.
Application of a concept from the reading to life or to the questions you’re asked to answer.
Assistance for a peer in understanding a concept from the reading.
Sharing a story from work or your community that illustrates the reading.
Asking questions on points you need help understanding.
An explanation of why you answered a question in a specific way.
Pointing out how different answers took the question in different directions/noting a pattern/suggesting an explanation.
Developing theories to explain patterns you see in the reading.
Summarizing aspects of the assigned reading and asking for help from your peers in figuring out how you would apply this concept in a real world situation.
HU245 Ethics
Unit 5 Discussion
In this week’s Discussion, you and your peers will discuss justice. Justice is concerned with the fair use of rewards and punishments. You and your peers will discuss some of these issues and discuss which theory of justice is most logical and ethical.
Choose ONE of the following to answer on this Discussion Board:
A: To what extent do you feel the purpose of punishment is to (a) protect society, (b) punish criminals, or (c) rehabilitate criminals? Explain your position using ethical theory and/or reasoning.
Or
B: Provide an example of one occupation or profession that you feel is underpaid in our society and one that you feel is overpaid. Explain your reasons for selecting your examples by applying ethical theory and/or reasoning. How could this injustice be corrected?
In addition to your posted answer, be sure to comment on at least two of your classmates’ post and participate regularly. Responses to others can come in many forms and can include the following:
Responses to the ideas or details of someone else’s responses.
Application of a concept from the reading to life or to the questions you’re asked to answer.
Assistance for a peer in understanding a concept from the reading.
Sharing a story from work or your community that illustrates the reading.
Asking questions on points you need help understanding.
An explanation of why you answered a question in a specific way.
Pointing out how different answers took the question in different directions/noting a pattern/suggesting an explanation.
Developing theories to explain patterns you see in the reading.
Summarizing aspects of the assigned reading and asking for help from your peers in figuring out how you would apply this concept in a real world situation.
HU245 Ethics
Unit 6 Discussion
In the Unit 6 Discussion, you will explore issues that relate to the death penalty. The death penalty, which remains a highly controversial topic. Ethical issues that are controversial tend to be so because they usually have several strong but opposing points. You and your peers will explore some of these reasons and explore this difficult topic in light of ethical theory and reasoning.
Choose ONE of the following to answer on this Discussion Board:
A: What are some of the arguments used for and against capital punishment? (You may want to complete some additional research to add to your knowledge). In your response, apply ethical theory to your position.
Or
B: When is it ethical for a nation to go to war? Provide an example from history of what you believe represents a “just” war. Explain your answers using ethical theory and/or reasoning.
In addition to your posted answer, be sure to comment on at least two of your classmates’ post and participate regularly. Responses to others can come in many forms and can include the following:
Responses to the ideas or details of someone else’s responses.
Application of a concept from the reading to life or to the questions you’re asked to answer.
Assistance for a peer in understanding a concept from the reading.
Sharing a story from work or your community that illustrates the reading.
Asking questions on points you need help understanding.
An explanation of why you answered a question in a specific way.
Pointing out how different answers took the question in different directions/noting a pattern/suggesting an explanation.
Developing theories to explain patterns you see in the reading.
Summarizing aspects of the assigned reading and asking for help from your peers in figuring out how you would apply this concept in a real world situation.
HU245 Ethics
Unit 7 Discussion
In Unit 7 you will explore ethical issues that arise in the business setting. Business ethics is a field that is in constant change as society responds to issues with changing legal and ethical expectations. One of the challenges of business ethics is understanding the distinction between what is legal and what is ethical. You will explore this dynamic in this week’s discussion.
Choose ONE of the following to answer on this Discussion Board:
A: Do you believe affirmative action policies can result in reverse discrimination? If yes, is such discrimination justified? Explain your position with ethical theory.
B: What can organizations do to prevent sexual harassment? Does the current legal environment place unfair burdens on organizations to prevent harassment? Explain why or why not using ethical reasoning and/or theory.
In addition to your posted answer, be sure to comment on at least two of your classmates’ post and participate regularly. Responses to others can come in many forms and can include the following:
Responses to the ideas or details of someone else’s responses.
Application of a concept from the reading to life or to the questions you’re asked to answer.
Assistance for a peer in understanding a concept from the reading.
Sharing a story from work or your community that illustrates the reading.
Asking questions on points you need help understanding.
An explanation of why you answered a question in a specific way.
Pointing out how different answers took the question in different directions/noting a pattern/suggesting an explanation.
Developing theories to explain patterns you see in the reading.
Summarizing aspects of the assigned reading and asking for help from your peers in figuring out how you would apply this concept in a real world situation.
HU245 Ethics
Unit 8 Discussion
Choose ONE of the following to answer on this Discussion Board:
A: Consider a situation where an employee posted negative comments about their employer on social media. If the company considered this an act of disloyalty, would firing the employee violate their Constitutional rights? In your response, consider the ethical perspective as well as the legal.
Or
B: Cheating is a form of dishonesty. Why do people cheat in education, business, and relationships? What are some of the harms that come from these acts? In your answer explain why you feel the actions are unethical using ethical theory and/or reasoning.
In addition to your posted answer, be sure to comment on at least two of your classmates’ post and participate regularly. Responses to others can come in many forms and can include the following:
Responses to the ideas or details of someone else’s responses.
Application of a concept from the reading to life or to the questions you’re asked to answer.
Assistance for a peer in understanding a concept from the reading.
Sharing a story from work or your community that illustrates the reading.
Asking questions on points you need help understanding.
An explanation of why you answered a question in a specific way.
Pointing out how different answers took the question in different directions/noting a pattern/suggesting an explanation.
Developing theories to explain patterns you see in the reading.
Summarizing aspects of the assigned reading and asking for help from your peers in figuring out how you would apply this concept in a real world situation.
HU245 Ethics
Unit 9 Discussion
Choose ONE of the following to answer on this Discussion Board:
A: Do you believe animals have rights and do you believe people have an obligation to protect those rights?
If you believe animals have rights, what are these rights? If you do not believe animals have rights, are there reasons people should protect them from abuse? Explain your position using ethical reasoning and/or theory.
Or
B: Consider the practice of factory farming. What are some of the economic, environmental, and ethical issues related to the modern system of meat production? Should the government increase regulation of factory farming for the benefit of animals?
In addition to your posted answer, be sure to comment on at least two of your classmates’ post and participate regularly. Responses to others can come in many forms and can include the following:
Responses to the ideas or details of someone else’s responses.
Application of a concept from the reading to life or to the questions you’re asked to answer.
Assistance for a peer in understanding a concept from the reading.
Sharing a story from work or your community that illustrates the reading.
Asking questions on points you need help understanding.
An explanation of why you answered a question in a specific way.
Pointing out how different answers took the question in different directions/noting a pattern/suggesting an explanation.
Developing theories to explain patterns you see in the reading.
Summarizing aspects of the assigned reading and asking for help from your peers in figuring out how you would apply this concept in a real world situation.
HU245 Ethics
Unit 10 Discussion
Choose ONE of the following to answer on this Discussion Board:
A: At a lumber mill workers were being injured when the band saw was knocked off the pulleys by metal spikes driven into the trees. Local ecological activists had driven these metal spikes into the trees to make the lumber company stop logging in a specific area. In response, the company ran the trees past a scanner to look for metal. This prevented the men from being injured. So, the activists drilled holes in the live trees and poured concrete into them. The scanners could not pick up the concrete and men began getting hurt again.
Were the actions of the environmental activists ethical? Why or why not?
What would you do if you were the owner and why?
Or
B: Explain the concept of “sustainability.” Do you believe that this is the most ethical approach to environmental issues? If not, which approach do you believe is more ethical? Explain your answer with course concepts and terms.
HU245 Ethics
Unit 2 Assignment
Complete the Ethical Theories Comparison Chart:
Over the course of thousands of years, various theories have been offered to explain the best way to determine what is ethical. The search for “good” or correct actions and thoughts has provided several strong approaches that are actively used today. While all of the various ethical theories seek to lead one to being ethical, they differ on how this should be accomplished. Each approach has its own strengths and weaknesses. It is important to understand these differences when analyzing ethical decisions from various perspectives.
For this Assignment, you are to complete the chart for seven ethical theories (utilitarianism, ethical egoism, Kantianism, Divine Command Theory, Virtue Theory, and two other theories determined by your instructor) based on the following criteria:
How is “good” determined?: Explain in one or two sentences what the theory argues is the correct way to determine what is right. This is the main argument of the theory in a nutshell.
Most Noted Philosopher(s): Name the philosopher or philosophers most closely associated with the theory.
Major Strengths: Using phrases or sentences, list at least two major strengths that is specific to that theory.
Major Weaknesses: Using phrases or sentences, list at least two major weaknesses that is specific to that theory.
HU245 Ethics
Unit 4 Assignment
Bioethics Position Paragraph
Your task is to write a paragraph (maximum length of one page double spaced) that analyzes one specific bioethical issue. You choose which bioethical issue to write about; in this assignment, reflect deeply on a topic that matters to you. If you need help selecting a topic, consult with your instructor.
You should write about a bioethical issue that strikes you as interesting, important, and relevant. For example, if, when reading the assigned chapter in the text, you recalled a personal situation involving bioethics that you thought was unethical, you might write a position paragraph about how that situation relates to your reading. The point of the assignment is for you to reflect deeply on one concept and its relevance to your own life. If you find it difficult to select a topic to write about or have any questions about how your paper should be organized, please consult your instructor.
You must apply at least one ethical theory to support your position and explain how a different theory compares when applied to this issue.
You must also show how your position supported by ethical theory is stronger than another position supported by another theory.
It is not enough to name a theory; you must explain the theory and demonstrate how your position reflects the logic and reasoning of that theory.
Remember that theory is the “why” behind your beliefs.
Put your Assignment in a Word document. Save it in a location and with a name that will help your instructor identify the Assignment, the course, and you, the student.
When you are ready to submit it, click on the Dropbox and complete the steps below:
Click the link that says Unit 4 Assignment Dropbox
Click on Add Attachments
Follow the steps listed to attach your Word document.
To view your graded work, come back to the Assignments or go to the Gradebook after your instructor has evaluated it.
Make sure that you save a copy of your submitted Assignment.
To view your graded work, come back to the Dropbox or go to the Gradebook after your instructor has evaluated it. Click the Dropbox to access it.
Make sure that you save a copy of your submitted Assignment.
HU245 Ethics
Unit 6 Assignment
Death Penalty Position Paragraph
Your task is to write a paragraph (maximum length of one page double spaced) that argues your position on the death penalty. In your argument, you must draw upon ethical theories, concepts, and reasoning to support your position.
State whether or not the death penalty should be abolished and why.
You must apply at least one ethical theory to support your position.
You must explain what effects implementing your position regarding the death penalty would have on society.
The letter should be 1 page in length, double spaced, and free of grammatical errors.
It is not enough to name a theory; you must explain the theory and demonstrate how your position reflects the logic and reasoning of that theory.
Remember that theory is the “why” behind your beliefs.
Put your Assignment in a Word document. Save it in a location and with a name that will help your instructor identify the Assignment, the course, and you, the student.
When you are ready to submit it, click on the Dropbox and complete the steps below:
Click the link that says Unit 6 Assignment Dropbox
Click on Add Attachments
Follow the steps listed to attach your Word document.
To view your graded work, come back to the Assignments or go to the Gradebook after your instructor has evaluated it.
Make sure that you save a copy of your submitted Assignment.
Turnitin Analysis
A special feature is available to help you with reviewing your Unit 6 Assignment for plagiarism. When you submit your Assignment to the Unit 6 Dropbox, your Assignment will automatically be analyzed by the plagiarism detection tool, Turnitin. Soon after you submit your Assignment, you will be able to view the Turnitin Originality Report. Originality Reports provide a summary of matching or highly similar text found in a submitted paper. When an Originality Report is available for viewing, an icon will appear in the report column of the Assignment Inbox. Originality Reports are only available in the InBox. For this reason, you will need to download the report prior to the grading of the Unit 6 Assignment. To do this, click on the print icon at the bottom of the Originality Report. This will prepare a readable, PDF version of the Originality Report that you can save to your computer.
Submitting your Assignment
Put your Assignment in a Word document. Save it in a location and with a name that will help your instructor identify the Assignment, the course, and you. When you are ready to submit it, click on the Dropbox and complete the steps below:
Click the link that says “Submit an Assignment.”
In the “Submit to Basket” menu, select Unit 5: Assignment Dropbox.
In the comments field, include at least the title of your paper.
Click the “Add Attachments” button.
Follow the steps listed to attach your Word document.
To view your graded work, come back to the Dropbox or go to the Gradebook after your instructor has evaluated it. Click the Dropbox to access it.
Make sure that you save a copy of your submitted Assignment.
HU245 Ethics
Unit 8 Assignment
Business Ethics Position Paper
Your task is to write a paper from one to two pages (double spaced) that analyzes one of the following business ethical issues. You choose which issue to write about; in this assignment, reflect deeply on a topic that matters to you. Each scenario represents a conflict in an organizational setting. In addition to applying ethical reasoning to your position, you must demonstrate how as a leader you would preserve the professional relationships in question and resolve the conflict. You may draw upon personal experience, current events, and research to support your views.
Option A:
At a local restaurant a prominent politician has arrived and has been seated for dinner. Several of the serving staff are upset because they disagree with the politician’s political views. Some are requesting the manager on duty speak to the politician and ask him/or her to leave. Explain what the manager should do in this situation and how they could resolve the conflict between the servers and the politician in the most ethical manner.
Option B:
A manager has received a resume from a very promising candidate for a position that needs to be filled immediately. The company’s policy is to run a credit check on all candidates. The report on the candidate revealed some trouble with debt. When the manager asked her supervisor about it, she was told to just “go with another candidate” without determining the reasons behind the bad credit report. The manager feels that this policy may be unfairly eliminating qualified candidates who may have good reasons for their financial difficulties. Explain what the manager should do in this situation and how she could resolve the conflict between her sense of justice and the company’s practices in the most ethical manner.
Option C:
A bank manager is faced with the difficult task of downsizing a department and must choose between two employees to let go. Both employees have similar performance records but the manager believes that Jill (age 30) has more potential than Jack (age 42). The manager has been told by the vice president that firing Jill would be safer since Jack’s age makes him in a “protected class” and there is a fear of litigation. Explain what the manager should do in this situation and how they could resolve the conflict between the manager and the vice president in the most ethical manner.
Content Requirements:
You must apply at least one ethical theory to support your position.
You must also show how your decision would preserve the professional relationships in question and resolve the conflict in an ethical manner.
You must demonstrate consistency of your clearly established viewpoint throughout the paper and a clear logical flow as you apply ethical reasoning.
Your writing must be original and insightful.
Grammatical/Format Requirements:
· Paper must be one to two pages in length, double spaced, in correct APA format using Times New Roman or Arial font size 12.
· Paper must include a title page and reference page if citations are used.
· Paper must adhere to Standard English with correct grammar, punctuation, and spelling.
For help with APA formatting and writing, visit the APA Style Central and Academic Support Central links located in Academic Tools.
Put your Assignment in a Word document. Save it in a location and with a name that will help your instructor identify the Assignment, the course, and you, the student.
When you are ready to submit it, click on the Dropbox and complete the steps below:
Click the link that says Unit 8 Assignment Dropbox
Click on Add Attachments
Follow the steps listed to attach your Word document.
To view your graded work, come back to the Assignments or go to the Gradebook after your instructor has evaluated it.
Make sure that you save a copy of your submitted Assignment.
HU245 Ethics
Unit 9 Assignment
Environmental Ethics Position Paragraph
Your task is to write a paragraph (maximum length of one page double spaced) that analyzes one of the following environmental ethical issue. You choose which issue to write about; in this assignment, reflect deeply on a topic that matters to you. You must argue your position with ethical theory and also show how your position is stronger than the opposing position supported by another theory.
Option A:
Should animals be used in medical research? In your response, consider which kind of animals (if any) would be morally permissible to use in medical research and what consideration should be given regarding pain.
Option B:
Is a vegetarian diet more ethical than a non-vegetarian diet? In your answer, consider the issue of animal rights and the environmental impact of both meat and plant-based diets.
Option C:
Consider the use of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs). Is the use of GMOs in food production ethical? In your answer, consider both health and environmental concerns.
You must apply at least one ethical theory to support your position and explain how a different theory compares when applied to this issue.
You must also show how your position supported by ethical theory is stronger than another position supported by another theory.
It is not enough to name a theory; you must explain the theory and demonstrate how your position reflects the logic and reasoning of that theory.
Remember that theory is the “why” behind your beliefs.
Put your Assignment in a Word document. Save it in a location and with a name that will help your instructor identify the Assignment, the course, and you, the student.
When you are ready to submit it, click on the Dropbox and complete the steps below:
Click the link that says Unit 9 Assignment Dropbox
Click on Add Attachments
Follow the steps listed to attach your Word document.
To view your graded work, come back to the Assignments or go to the Gradebook after your instructor has evaluated it.
Make sure that you save a copy of your submitted Assignment.
HU245 Ethics
Unit 1 Quiz
Question 1 Ethics is __________________.
the study of knowledge
the study of the nature of reality
the study of human behavior
the study of right and wrong
the study of what is socially acceptable
Question 2 Goodness is
that which brings happiness and pleasure
excellence
harmony and creativity
whatever I say it is
a combination of that which brings happiness, pleasure, excellence, harmony, and creativity
Question 3A cat toys with a live mouse throwing it the air and dragging it along by its tail. After 1 hour, the cat leaves the mouse to die on the floor. This would be considered ____________ behavior.
immoral
amoral
non-moral
moral
Question 4 “Human beings should always act in the interests of others.” This statement is considered to be
descriptive
prescriptive
analytic
metaethical
Question 5 Who said that morality was bound up with the function of a human being?
Sophocles
Jacques Thiroux
Your instructor
Aristotle
Question 6 The most important moral issues arise for most ethicists when human beings come together in
harmony
religion
social groups
matrimony
Question 7 If human beings are the source of value, then morality is
supernatural
natural
objective
subjective
Question 8 In general, philosophers demand that beliefs, propositions, and ideas be examined
according to tradition
without evaluation
with the Bible in hand
critically
Question 9 Moral conflicts can be resolved through
religion
tradition
social acceptability
rational compromise
Question 10 Why should humans be moral?
Self-interest
Law
Tradition
Common human needs
HU245 Ethics
Unit 2 Quiz
Question 1 Consequentialists believe that the central part of moral action is the
self
virtues
other
consequences
Question 2 If you are a psychological egoist you believe ____________________.
that people should help others
that people ought to help animals
that people always or often do help themselves
that people should or ought to help themselves
Question 3 One of the main difficulties of consequentialist theories is that ____________________.
they are based solely on our duties at the time
it is very difficult to discover and determine all possible consequences
they emphasize the person or character at the expense of action
they are based exclusively on our selfish interests
Question 4 What is an important difference between utilitarianism and ethical egoism?
There is none, since “utilitarianism” and “ethical egoism” are different names for the same theory.
Utilitarianism says we should consider everyone’s interests, whereas ethical egoism says people should act in their own self-interest.
Utilitarianism concerns how people should act, while ethical egoism concerns how people do act.
Utilitarianism is a consequentialist theory, and ethical egoism isn’t.
Question 5 Which of the following is a well-known ethical egoist?
Jeremy Bentham
Ayn Rand
Brian Medlin
John Stuart Mill
Question 6 Who believes that reasoning in moral matters is usually used to confirm our more direct sense of right and wrong?
Deontologists
Care theorists
Intuitionists
Psychologists
Question 7 Which of the following are examples of non-consequentialist ethical theories?
Intuitionism
Divine command
Deontological ethics
Prima facie ethics
All of the above
Question 8 What is a presumed strength of divine command theory?
There is a standard above human reasoning.
There is no rational foundation.
Even if the rules are morally valid, there is no justification procedure for them.
There is far too much divergence among religious people to make a determination of the rules with any confidence.
Question 9 According to Kant, the only thing that is good without qualification is ________.
good results
good rules upon which to act
good will
good consequences
Question 10 Which of the following is strength of nonconsequentialist approaches?
Rules are grounded in something other than consequences and/or cost-benefit analysis
Ignores consequences
There is division over which rules have precedence over others
Apparently shuts down moral discussion
HU245 Ethics
Unit 3 Quiz
Question 1Paternalism means
doctor knows best
patients know best
nurses know best.
parents know best
Question 2What action demonstrates paternalism?
A patient decides their own treatment.
A patient collaborates with the doctor on treatment.
A doctor decides on the patient’s treatment.
A nurse decides on the patient’s treatment.
Question 3 Paternalism is based on which idea?
Doctors are best suited to make important health decisions.
Patients are best suited to make their own decisions about health.
All health decisions should be made with doctors and patients working together.
Patients have the most at stake and must be in control of their health.
Question 4 Radical individualism means____.
Doctors have absolute say in health matters.
Patients do not need to consult with physicians.
Patients have absolute rights over their own bodies.
All patients are individuals.
Question 5 Informed consent means
Patients have the power to reject or accept any health treatment.
Doctors have the ability to reject any patient demands.
Patients should always be consulted before treatments begin.
Patients have the right to be informed of proposed treatments and must grant consent.
Question 6 What is the main point of the reciprocal view of health care?
Patients, healthcare professionals, and family members must work together.
Healthcare professionals decide what is best for patients based on their expertise.
Patients are in total control and healthcare professionals must do as they are told.
Healthcare professionals only give advice to patients on possible treatments.
Question 7 Which ethical principle is the foundation for informed consent?
Patients have a right to reject treatments.
Patients do not always have to grant permission.
Doctors have an obligation to be informed of treatments.
Patients are not experts on their health.
Question 8 A doctor telling a patient the “bad news” even though it may hinder recovery is an example of what?
Truth telling
Informed consent
Patient autonomy
Medical malpractice
Question 9 Which would be a reason for patient confidentiality?
What a patient goes through does not concern others.
Patients have a right to keep their health private.
Doctors are not in a position to disclose information to others.
The public has no interest in the health of patients.
Question 10 Sexually transmitted diseases do not have to be reported by law.
True
False
HU245 Ethics
Unit 4 Quiz
Question 1Direct action to terminate a patient’s life requested by the patient is called by the author _______________.
allowing someone to die
mercy death
mercy killing
suicide
Question 2 Technology has created problems with the medical definition of death. This is known as __________.
brain death
persistent vegetative state
irreversible coma
coma
Question 3 Most arguments for allowing someone to die are based on the principle of _________.
justice
goodness
individual freedom
life
Question 4 Which US state was the first to have a law allowing “assisted suicide”?
California
Michigan
Florida
Oregon
Question 5 One of the strongest arguments against mercy death is _________.
abuse
God’s will
Selfishness
economics
Question 6 The approach to dying that emphasizes “comfort and care” is known as __________.
mercy death
mercy killing
the “Kevorkian” approach
hospice
Question 7 Euthanasia comes from the Greek and means “a bad death.”
True
False
Question 8 There is no law prohibiting euthanasia in the US.
True
False
Question 9 Health care professionals sometimes receive requests from patients for assisted suicide.
True
False
Question 10 Hospice care is available only to those with “advanced directives”.
True
False
HU245 Ethics
Unit 5 Quiz
Question 1 Distributive justice is concerned with ____.
Giving people what is good and bad equally.
Giving people what is good and bad based on what they deserve.
Giving people what is good and bad based on past history.
Giving people what is good and bad based on what benefits society the most.
Question 2 Retributive justice is concerned with ____.
Giving people what is good and bad equally.
Giving people what is good and bad based on what they deserve.
Giving people what is good and bad based on past history.
Giving people what is good and bad based on what benefits society the most.
Question 3 Retribution theory is also known as ____.
Results theory
Compensation theory
Utilitarian theory
Deserts theory
Question 4 Utilitarian theory is also known as ____.
Results theory
Compensation theory
Deserts theory
Virtue theory
Question 5 Restitution theory is also known as____.
Results theory
Compensation theory
Utilitarian theory
Deserts theory
Question 6 Results theory argues that ____.
People should be compensated for wrongs done to them.
People should be given what they deserve regardless of consequences.
People should be given what will benefit society as a whole.
People should be given what is in their own best interest.
Question 7 A worker finds out that their coworker is paid more money for the same work and is upset. What type of justice is this an example of?
Retributive justice
Distributive justice
Restitution justice
Comparative justice
Question 8 Someone who argues that ending capital punishment would help society is arguing what type of justice theory?
Results theory
Compensation theory
Deserts theory
Virtue theory
Question 9 Someone who argues that everyone should have the same income because that is fair is addressing what type of justice?
Distributive justice
Retributive justice.
Comparative justice.
Restitution justice.
Question 10 Someone who argues that people who earn less should pay a lower rate of income is using what criteria for reward?
According to equal distribution
According to people’s abilities
According to what people merit
According to what people need
HU245 Ethics
Unit 6 Quiz
Question 1 One good argument that attempts to justify killing in defense of the innocent says that _________________________________________________.
the good of defending the innocent outweighs the bad of killing a person threatening to kill innocents
the good of killing a person threatening innocents is at least equal to any bad
God works in mysterious ways and humans do not understand His morality
we must defend the innocent to the point of killing those who threaten them because it is justice
Question 2 The “eye for an eye” view of capital punishment is known as the revenge argument.
True
False
Question 3 The most morally significant argument for war is ______________.
overpopulation
economic gain
technological development
a “Necessary evil”
Question 4 In the Platonic dialogue __________, Socrates famously discussed the decision to drink the poison hemlock.
The Republica
The Georgias
The Crito
The Sophist
Question 5 Capital punishment can be justified as a deterrent is a view held by ________________.
Retributivists
Restitutionists
Pacifists
Utilitarians
Question 6 The main argument against the morality of capital punishment is that __________________.
it is cruel and inhumane
we have no right to take life, only God has this right
it is a violation of the Value of Life principle
it offers no chance for rehabilitation
Question 7 The main argument against war is that it is a massive violation of the principle of _________.
freedom
justice
goodness
life
Question 8 Terrorism can be defined as ________________________________________.
war against civilians to undermine their leaders, government, and policies
politics by other means
an attempt by the “third world” to express anger at the “first world.”
war against non-religious civilians by religious groups
Question 9 Suicide is a selfish act that doesn’t adequately take into account the interests of the grief- stricken family and friends who are left behind. This reasoning forms the basis of which argument against the morality of suicide?
The irrationality argument
The domino argument
The religions argument
The justice argument
Question 10 Killing to defend the innocent is accepted by all moral systems.
True
False
HU245 Ethics
Unit 7 Quiz
Question 1 Business ethics does not need ethical theory.
True
False
Question 2 Prejudice means literally “prejudgment” before having any experience of that which one judges.
True
False
Question 3 The moral approach to advertising is the ____________ approach.
anything goes free market
buyer beware
truthful
moderate
Question 4 The basis for arguments against sexual harassment is that _________________________.
all people deserve to be treated with respect
it is socially unacceptable
in the end it brings profits down
It creates the possibility of litigation
Question 5 What does the Enron episode show?
How useless a code of ethics is unless embedded in practices.
How greedy human beings can be.
How important ethics is.
All of the above
Question 6 Business ethics does not need philosophical theories.
True
False
Question 7 “Laissez-faire” literally means________.
dog-eat dog
let people do what they want
social welfare
obligation
Question 8If someone was taught by his parents that athletes are less intelligent than non-athletes, and continues to hold this belief when he reaches adulthood, his behavior is an example of ________________.
reverse discrimination
affirmative action
prejudice
discrimination
Question 9 According to the Federal Law, sexual harassment can only occur in the workplace.
True
False
Question 10Sexual harassment always involves a superior harassing a subordinate.
True
False
HU245 Ethics
Unit 8 Quiz
Question 1Lies of commission involve leaving out vital information.
True
False
Question 2Kant would argue that we cannot universalize stealing, cheating, lying and breaking promises.
True
False
Question 3 What philosopher believed that lying and cheating were always wrong?
John Stuart Mill
Jeremy Bentham
Augustine
Ross
Question 4 “I know lying is bad but I just felt like it.” Who might say such a thing?
Consequentialists
Hippies
Act utilitarians
Act nonconsequentialists
Question 5 A major argument in favor of lying is ________________________.
that companies would go out of business
that politicians would lose all credibility.
the defense of the innocent
relationships would collapse
Question 6 People ought to cheat because the world is “dog eat dog.” This is an example of __________.
deriving an ought from an is
moral honesty and truthfulness
male pseudo logic
what the world is like
Question 7 Breaking a promise is acceptable to me on those occasions when I stand to benefit. This is a(n) __________ argument.
Deontological
Utilitarian
Retributivist
Egoistic
Question 8 The moderate position on lying entails
telling lies as much as you can get away with.
never telling even a “little white one.”
trying to tell the truth as much as possible.
telling the truth when it suits.
Question 9 Kant would say that breaking a promise is never justified.
True
False
Question 10 Stealing is acceptable on some consequentialist arguments.
True
False
HU245 Ethics
Unit 9 Quiz
Question 1Someone who has an anthropocentric view doesn’t care about animals.
True
False
Question 2 If someone adopts sentientism, which of the following will he eat?
Lettuce
Turkey
Tuna
None of these
Question 3 What is a vegetarian?
Someone who only eats vegetables.
Someone who only eats plants.
Someone who does not eat meat.
Someone who does not eat any animal products.
Question 4Speciesism is the belief that all species are equal.
True
False
Question 5 Sentientism is the view that only beings with bodies should be the subject of moral concern.
True
False
Question 6 The main argument for hunting is that people like it.
True
False
Question 7 A vegan is someone who does not eat _________.
meat
meat and fish
meat or any other animal products
Dairy
Question 8 Factory farming raises concerns for animals because it ______.
Reduces the cost of meat
Increases the amount of pollution
Requires more energy
Involves inhumane treatment
Question 9 Choose which argument supports the protection of endangered species.
An irreverence for a small segment of life affects one’s reverence for all life.
Nature always allows species to become extinct.
Animals do not care if one species becomes extinct.
If species are going extinct as a result of what we do that is part of nature.
Question 10The “evolution argument” supports the idea that human beings have dominion over nature.
True
False
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