The Risks of Collecting Data on Human Populations: Privacy, Security, and Ethics in Population Health Informatics
The Risks of Collecting Data on Human Populations: Privacy, Security, and Ethics in Population Health Informatics
Identity theft is responsible for the loss of billions of dollars every year (Siciliano, 2017). Most people are familiar with overt types of identity theft, such as financial, criminal, and Social Security. In the healthcare field, medical identity theft occurs when someone uses identifying information such as insurance information to obtain healthcare goods and services (World Privacy Forum, n.d.). These types of privacy and security breaches are typically premeditated and conducted with criminal intent. In healthcare organizations, however, the very same technology that provides so many benefits in terms of information sharing and storage of data can pose high privacy, security, and ethical risks to healthcare professionals with even the best of intentions. This is why it is so important to be familiar with risks in these areas as well as strategies to prevent breaches of sensitive health information. One such strategy is to follow ethical principles as outlined by such organizations as the National Institutes of Health and understand when and how violations have occurred. Another way to take a proactive stance to protecting sensitive data is to practice Privacy by Design, or Pb.D.
References:
Stroup, J. (2017). The many types of identity theft. Retrieved from https://www.thebalance.com/the-8-types-of-identity-theft-1947176
World Privacy Forum. (n.d.). Medical identity theft. Retrieved from https://www.worldprivacyforum.org/category/med-id-theft/
For this Discussion:
To Prepare:
Read the Resources for this week, focusing on the Guiding Principles for Ethical Research (NIH, 2016) and Chapter 13 of the textbook (Joshi et al., pp. 335–360, especially pp. 338–339).
Watch the media, Protecting Patient Data, Parts I & 2 (Laureate Education, 2012) Consider the differences between the two in terms of how individuals handled the ethics of the situation. Also view Privacy, Security, and Ethics (Laureate Education, 2018) and consider common issues health professionals face in the field. Consider how such factors as sensitivity and volume of data might cause privacy, security, and ethical issues.
Next, reflect on the case study titled The Privacy, Security, and Ethical Risks of Collecting Data on Populations: Case Study. Consider the similarities and differences between the three scenarios.
What were some of the motivations behind the stakeholders’ actions?
What were some of the constraints related to obtaining data for the research?
Consider the privacy standards in informatics systems as they relate to the need for aggregate data to conduct effective population health studies.
Post by Day 3
An explanation of which of the seven guiding principles for ethical research as outlined by the NIH have been violated in this scenario. Be specific and provide examples.Using the Pb.D. framework principles outlined in your course text (Joshi et al., 2019, pp. 338–339), propose two ethical strategies that Dr. Marks could have employed to achieve his goals of obtaining pilot data and ensuring the privacy and security of health system patients. Be specific and provide examples.
MMHA6520 Health Informatics and Population Health Analytics
Week 4 Discussion
How Do Health Informatics Provide Economic Value?
Health informatics systems have been proven to provide many benefits to stakeholders and organizations involved in population healthcare. The costs involved in their operation can be quite high, however, so their economic value must often be proven so that organizations know they are going to achieve a return on investment (ROI). Health informatics solutions must demonstrate economic value to stakeholders in order to be sustainable.
In this Discussion, you investigate a health delivery system in which informatics solutions added economic value related to a specific population health challenge. You may focus on the provider and/or payer aspects of the health delivery system.
To Prepare:
Review the Resources for this week.
Reflect on the concept of value and how it might be interpreted differently by different stakeholders.
Reflect on differences in technologies.
Reflect on how different technologies affect cost and economic value of health informatics solutions.
By Day 3
Post an example of the economic value of health informatics. Be specific, using an example in which health informatics were used to provide economic value to a healthcare delivery system that addressed a population health issue. Then, explain how effectively this economic value was communicated to stakeholders for improving practice.
Share another example related to the one your colleague posted and compare communication strategies and their effectiveness.
Suggest another way health informatics could be used to provide economic value to your colleague’s cited population health issue.
By Day 5
Respond to at least two colleagues. Respond in one or more of the following ways:
Share another example related to the one your colleague posted and compare communication strategies and their effectiveness.
Suggest another way health informatics could be used to provide economic value to your colleague’s cited population health issue.
MMHA6520 Health Informatics and Population Health Analytics
Week 5 Discussion
Health Informatics, Prevention, and Wellness
In addition to strategies to improve outcomes for individuals with chronic diseases and illnesses, population health informatics may also be used to contribute to prevention of disease. To best target health informatics efforts, it is important to first define the scope of a population. Why is this so necessary? Factors such as age, cultural background, gender, geographic characteristics, and others can greatly influence the types of prevention and wellness efforts needed and how they will be received.
In this Discussion, you examine a population health problem in the context of prevention and wellness and the implications of levels of prevention. You will research a health and wellness topic that interests you professionally or personally.
To Prepare:
Review the Resources, including the media Prevention and Wellness (Laureate Education, 2018b). Select an example of an existing population health problem related to prevention and wellness.
Conduct your own research and select 2 or 3 peer-reviewed articles related to this population health problem.
As you read the articles, consider implications of different levels of prevention to the problem: primary, secondary, and tertiary.
Use the provided data sources, weekly readings, and research to support your Discussion.
Post by Day 3
A description of the population and health problem related to prevention and wellness that you selected. Include in your description an explanation of the scope of the population (e.g., geographic, demographic) and other specifics about the population.
An explanation of the implications (e.g., economical/financial, societal, and cultural) of prevention and wellness to your population. Be specific and provide examples related to primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
Respond by Day 5
Suggest another implication of a level of prevention to the health problem.
Suggest another population with a similar problem that might benefit from prevention and wellness strategies.
MMHA6520 Health Informatics and Population Health Analytics
Week 6 Discussion
Health Informatics and Disease Management and Chronic Care
Diseases and chronic conditions come with many costs that cannot all be measured in dollars: physical, emotional, psychological, and more. Yet, for the individuals who have these diseases and conditions as well as their communities, states, and even countries at large, the actual costs of certain chronic conditions and diseases tend to mount, and can drastically reduce savings and coffers. Once individuals get to the point where they can no longer pay for their own care, it often falls to governments and other entities to make up the difference.
Governments and private organizations of all types, then, have a stake in managing the health of populations in order to reduce costs and improve measurable outcomes to these populations. Informatics tools are critical to identifying these populations and providing interventions in many cases. Health informatics tools are also critical to support the ongoing data analysis that occurs when health and demographic data are continuously collected on populations. Similar to the goals of prevention and wellness, it is important to consider the three levels of prevention—primary, secondary, and tertiary—in developing population health informatics strategies related to disease management and chronic care.
For this Discussion, you select a chronic care or disease management challenge. You will use provided data sources in order to describe the scope of the population as well as other relevant aspects. Then, you explain the implications of this challenge to your selected population. Finally, you propose a specific population health informatics strategy that might improve the disease management and chronic health problem and justify why.
To Prepare:
Select an example of an existing population health problem related to disease management and chronic care.
Conduct your own research and select 2 or 3 peer-reviewed articles related to this population health problem.
As you read the articles, consider implications of different levels of prevention to the problem: primary, secondary, and tertiary.
Use the provided data sources, weekly readings, and research to support your Discussion.
By Day 3
Post using provided data sources and readings along with 2 or 3 peer-reviewed articles that you find in the library:
A description of the population and health challenges related to disease management or chronic care that you selected. Include in your description an explanation of the scope of the population (e.g., geographic, demographic) and other specifics about the population.
An explanation of the implications (e.g., economical/financial, societal, cultural) of disease management and chronic care to your population. Be specific and provide examples related to primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention if possible.
Finally, propose one specific example of the kinds of systems and data that can be used to improve the disease management or chronic healthcare problem you selected for your population and justify why.
By Day 5
Respond to at least two colleagues.
Propose another specific example of the kinds of systems and data that can be used to improve the disease management or chronic healthcare problem your colleague selected for their population.
MMHA6520 Health Informatics and Population Health Analytics
Week 7 Discussion
Health Informatics and Environmental Issues
For the purposes of this course, the term environmental refers to a broad set of factors that intermingle with the health of populations. Some environmental issues such as unsafe drinking water supplies or issues with sewage or air quality make local and national headlines. The health and wellbeing of populations may be improved by proper nutrition; clean air; clean drinking water; and clean, disease-free housing. These are all factors that affect the health of many different populations.
More insidious factors affect the overall health and wellbeing of populations in both developed and developing countries, as well. For example, as discussed by Ahangari, Atkinson, & Garrick (n.d.), factors such as the degree to which individuals and entire communities are dependent upon automobile transportation for daily functions serves as one of the primary barriers to reaching a zero-fatality safety vision in the design and use of roadways. Therefore, when considering the health of populations, we must also think of infrastructure of all types within the communities in which we live and work, not just water, air, and food.
Reference
Ahangari, H., Atkinson-Palombo, C., & Garrick, N. W. (2017). Automobile-dependency as a barrier to vision zero, evidence from the states in the USA. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 107, 77–85.
For this Discussion,
To Prepare:
Review the data sources provided this week related to selected environmental health topics.
Conduct library reviews on those topics.
Select two or three peer-reviewed articles that you find of interest related to these environmental health topics. Keep in mind that the data sources reflect very broad topics such as children and lead poisoning and environmental air quality. Choose peer-reviewed articles that you feel affect the health of selected populations and can be addressed by the use of informatics solutions. Are there certain systems, databases, or technology or communication tools that could be effective in managing the environmental issues and how they affect an identified population?
By Day 3
Using the provided data sources and readings along with two or three peer-reviewed articles that you research in the library, Post a description and explanation of the scope of the population (e.g., geographic, demographic) as it relates to environmental health issues and other specifics about population health. Finally, propose one specific example of the kinds of systems and data that can be used to improve the population health problem related to the environment and justify why.
By Day 5
Respond to at least two colleagues.
Suggest an alternative system and/or data that could be used to improve the population health challenge selected by your colleague.
Suggest another reason the system or data proposed by a colleague would improve the population health challenge and why.
MMHA6520 Health Informatics and Population Health Analytics
Week 8 Discussion
Open Discussion Board
This Discussion Board provides you with an optional thread to post any questions that you may have of the Instructor regarding resources needed to investigate and utilize the data sources. Likewise, you can use this Discussion Board as a place to discuss your preliminary observations, insights, and challenges as you manipulate the data this week and compare your data analysis, datasets, charts, and graphs to what you see in the literature.
To Prepare
Review any feedback you have been given in Weeks 4 and 7 related to issues working with data.
Consider any difficulties or questions you have had as you have read about or worked with data.
Post by Day 5
This is an Open Discussion Board in which you can discuss with your colleagues any problems you have had using Excel. You are encouraged to participate to address any issues you might be having with Assignments, to help you in your preparation for your Final Project, and/or to assist your colleagues.
MMHA6520 Health Informatics and Population Health Analytics
Week 9 Discussion
Final Project Synopsis Video
Often, healthcare leaders spend a great deal of time doing rigorous analysis and writing thorough reports to communicate our thoughts and recommendations. While that level of detail and rigor is important, as a current or future health leader, you might find yourself in a situation in which you are asked to effectively and efficiently communicate these ideas in a short period of time. For example, it is not unusual to be scheduled for a 15- to 20-minute presentation on an executive board-level agenda, only to learn your time has been reduced to less than 5 minutes. Conveying complex analysis in a clear and succinct manner is a skill. This week, you have the opportunity to practice that skill by preparing a short video to summarize your topical area and your health informatics approach to your peers.
To Prepare:
Prepare an outline or notes on your Final Project so far. Include the following:
The population
The health problem faced by this population
The economic model that serves as a framework
A summary of findings from data sources and sets
A summary of conclusions related to the data
Suggestions for health informatics solutions
By Day 3
Post a 3- to 4-minute video explaining your selected topical area and main findings and conclusions related to your Final Project. Include any challenges you are having with data collection or synthesis of information.
By Day 5
Respond to at least two colleagues. Respond in one or more of the following ways:
Pose questions related to elements of the colleague’s Final Project synopsis that seem vague or problematic.
Suggest an improvement to the Final Project synopsis
Suggest implications for the identified population that appear to be missing from the synopsis.
Suggest a transformational health informatics strategy that would improve the health of the population cited in the colleague’s synopsis.
MMHA6520 Health Informatics and Population Health Analytics
Week 10 Discussion
Informatics Around the World: Applying Health Informatics to Global Population Health Issues
Certain population health issues are very local to day-to-day health organizations. Other issues are regional in nature, and yet other issues are inherently global. One of the challenges of studying population health is the different levels of scale and scope that apply to the trends that you have studied in this course.
Different nations around the world face different challenges related to the health of populations. Population health informatics solutions also very widely in their design and effectiveness depending upon how nations define goals and expectations for technical interventions. Furthermore, issues related to population health that are relevant in one country are not necessarily culturally, socially, or economically relevant in a neighboring country. For this reason, it is important for us to step back and examine the cultural and global relativism involved in addressing the topic areas examined in this course and the use of health informatics solutions in different nations.
For this Discussion, you have the opportunity to compare two different nations, population health challenges in those nations, and possible informatics solutions that might be used to address those challenges. Be sure to focus on the capabilities and possible geographic, political, or economic constraints of applying these informatics solutions within the specific nations that you choose.
To Prepare:
Using the three topic areas from Weeks 5–7,
In two countries of your choice from the list provided, select a clearly defined population health issue:
Australia
Canada
France
Germany
India
Norway
Sweden
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates (UAE)
The United Kingdom
For each country, select a different health informatics system to address that country’s health concern (i.e., do not use the same health informatics system for both countries).
By Day 3
Post a description of a significant population health concern in each country and why, in each case, the population experiences this health concern. Then, explain the kind of population health informatics systems you would use to address each of the health concerns. (Remember to select a different system for each country’s health concern.) Justify your proposed solutions. Finally, explain why different population health informatics systems might be needed for varying health concerns.
By Day 5
Respond to at least two colleagues. Respond in one or both of the following ways:
Suggest another population health informatics system that might address one of the colleague’s chosen populations and health concern.
Suggest another reason why different health informatics systems might be needed for the two population health concerns a colleague selected.
MMHA6520 Health Informatics and Population Health Analytics
Week 11 Discussion
Staying Current in Trends in Population Health and Informatics
Part of your responsibility as a leader in the industry is staying abreast of pertinent trends in the field that affect the health and wellbeing of the populations that you serve. Because the fields of health and information science are rapidly advancing in this Information Age, this week you are asked to research current literature on trends and to use this literature as a basis for developing criteria related to seed grants for health informatics strategies related to these innovations and trends.
To Prepare:
Review the Resources, including the media Exploring Health Education in the 21st Century: The Importance of Professional Organizations (Laureate Education, 2014) and Trends in Population Health (Laureate Education, 2018).
Think about the topics that you see related to population health and information science in the popular literature.
Review the Glossary of Key Population Health Informatics Terms (included in Week 1 as well).
Conduct a peer-reviewed literature search on population health informatics topics included in the Glossary of Key Population Health Informatics Terms and elsewhere. The peer-reviewed resources should have been published in the last 24 months.
What are the most significant issue(s) that you found in the literature?
Consider the following scenario:
You are the vice chancellor of research at a large academic medical center in the United States. You are evaluating internal innovation seed grants in population health informatics for funding from your research office.
By Day 3Post a description of the three most significant issues that you, the vice chancellor, would prioritize for funding and explain why. Include at least two or three criteria that you recommend the vice chancellor use in reviewing applicants for seed grants related to innovations and trends in population health informatics.
By Day 5
Respond to at least two colleagues. Respond in one or more of the following ways:
Summarize an article you found in your literature search that is related to one of the most significant issues your colleague posted.
Summarize an article you found in your literature search that is related to one of the criteria your colleague posted.
MMHA6520 Health Informatics and Population Health Analytics
Week 3 Assignment
Business Proposal on Data Quality and Governance
What does success mean in terms of data management? How do you know when you are using quality data for health informatics strategies? The answers to these questions lie in knowing the difference between data, information, and knowledge.
Put simply, data are facts, measurements, or characteristics of an entity or object. Used in the health field, they do not tell the whole story of a disease or condition without context. For example, demographics and physiologic measures such as blood pressure, weight, or blood glucose levels are examples of data. When data is put in its context, it becomes information. Nurses and physicians may use systems and processes to aggregate consumers’ demographics, and physiologic measures may be used in reports or mobile applications to follow up on treatment. These are examples of creating information from data. Once this information can be used to analyze the “why” and “how to” behind the findings, it becomes knowledge. In our example, if a nurse practitioner uses information in a consumer health report to improve the time and availability of hemoglobin A1c blood testing for consumers at risk of developing prediabetes, we move from the information stage into knowledge.
Even when health professionals using a health informatics strategy have successfully turned data into information and gained knowledge, it is not always clear when success has been achieved. For one thing, what kind of goal was set—financial success, clinical success, or perhaps both? Attaining both of these goals for all entities may be desirable, but not realistic. The data that inform these decisions related to quality care often reside in disparate electronic health record systems and databases. As chronically ill patients consume more healthcare services and visit different specialized providers, the amount and complexity of data as well as the tasks involved in managing to achieve financial and clinical success increase exponentially.
As evolving leaders in the field, it is your responsibility to work with colleagues to define success by way of establishing and leading organizations toward meeting those goals. The effective use of health informatics solutions is one of key success factors in achieving this.
For this Assignment:
To Prepare:
Read all Resources for this week including the Case Study: Data Quality, Informatics, and Population Health Management.
View the media, Analyzing Data for Clinical Success (Laureate Education, 2018a).
Study the AHIMA data quality principles and reflect on how they might apply in improving the condition of the PCP stakeholders.
Consider both the operational and technological aspects of your recommendations, with an emphasis on improving processes as well as informatics tools and data quality.
Consider both the clinical and financial outcomes that are desired by both the provider and insurance entity as well as the patient stakeholder in the case study. How might these outcomes be similar to other chronic conditions?
Take into consideration the workflow and data flow challenges between electronic health records in provider sites and repositories of claims-related data utilized by insurance entities.
Consider the following scenario, related to a different chronic condition, congestive heart failure (CHF):
Imagine that you are the leader of a healthcare provider organization and you are making a presentation to the Board of Directors on the challenges of coordinating chronic disease management activities with payers. You are asked by the Board of Directors to submit four recommendations as to how the organization can improve the success of the employed primary care provider (PCP) physician offices with regard to managing populations with congestive heart failure (CHF).
The Assignment:
Business Proposal:
Paper: 4–5 pages, excluding references and title page
PowerPoint: 3–5 executive-level slides
Submit a business proposal that includes the following:
Part 1: Introduction (1 page)
A clear and evidence-based statement of how you define both financial and clinical success with regard to chronic disease management of persons with CHF.
Part II: Body (2–3 pages)
A description of four recommendations (two financial and two clinical) of how to attain financial and clinical success in chronic disease management of persons with CHF (defined in Part I) using quality health informatics data. Include a brief description of the operational and technology-related impact of each recommendation.
An analysis of the impact of each of your four recommendations on the three stakeholders in the Data Quality, Informatics, and Population Health Management case study (i.e., PCPs, patient/consumers, and insurance entities).
Part III: Summary (1 page)
A summary of recommendations, including 3–5 AHIMA Principles that you feel govern your recommendations aimed at improving the management of populations of persons with CHF, as well as 2–4 scholarly sources to support your recommendations
Part IV: PowerPoint Presentation
Board of Directors PowerPoint Presentation: Executive summary slide and 3–5 slides to summarize recommendations with speaker notes.
MMHA6520 Health Informatics and Population Health Analytics
Week 4 Assignment
Capital Operating Budget Using Proforma Analysis
Information technology-based initiatives are significant and strategic investments for organizations. Costs must be considered, such as upfront items, incurred early in the system development life cycle, and ongoing costs, which are incurred on a perpetual basis. These costs must be actively estimated during the project/program planning process and updated on a regular basis. These estimates inform the organizational budget process and must also be incorporated into return-on-investment (ROI) analysis. The concept of outlining an inclusive set of costs for an IT investment is called the total cost of ownership (TCO) for the technology asset.
One of the most efficient methods to execute this concept is through the development of a multi-year proforma, which is updated on an annual basis. A proforma is not a budget; it is a long-term estimate of the capital and operational costs for the initiative. A proforma should be carefully updated as needed and used to inform both the budget process and the ROI in the organization. These updates should take place on an annual basis, at a minimum. Technology-based initiatives are complex investments for any organization, and communication between project/program planning staff, financial staff, and operational leadership is imperative.
This week, you explore how to develop a capital operating budget using proforma analyses. Using a multi-year proforma template and explanation material provided, you use a tool, a 5-year informatics cost proforma, for the pilot launch of a patient portal in a PCP office in which PCPs are working to effectively manage the health of chronically ill populations, such as persons with diabetes, heart failure, asthma, and anxiety/depression.
Remember that the proforma represents estimates of costs, which is one side of the effectiveness equation. The other side of the equation is represented by the tangible benefits enabled by investments in informatics. When you total your proforma and understand the operational and capital costs needed to obtain and sustain the informatics solution, consider how these costs compare with the expense reductions or new revenue projections anticipated as part of using these solutions.
Please note: The specific numbers and data you will need are not provided. You will need to derive them from the resources such as peer-reviewed articles related to similar projects where costs can be extrapolated as well as your own research.
To Prepare:
Review the Resources, including the Proforma Instructions and Proforma Template.
Research 3–5 peer-reviewed articles no more than 3 years old on the use of patient portals to manage the health of populations.
Familiarize yourself with Healthcare Information Management and Systems Society (HIMSS) and vendor web sources.
Consider the balance of costs versus benefits.
Read the following scenario:
You are a leader in a practice of 10 physicians and 2 nurse practitioners. You are interested in using a vendor’s portal and handheld devices provided by the practice to manage your target population. Assuming that your top commercial insurance entity provided you a list of 500 persons in this practice who comprise the target population, compile a proforma in order to understand the capital and operational costs of using a patient portal as part of the practice’s electronic health record.
The Assignment: (2 pages)
Using data from these articles and information from sites such as HIMSS and vendor web sources, compile a proforma capital operating budget using the Proforma Template (or one of your own) and instructions provided.
Part I: Paper: (½ to 1 page]
Describe the costs of an informatics program used to address the health of a population.
Part II: Proforma Analysis
Using the Proforma Template and explanation material provided, complete a 5-year informatics cost proforma for the pilot launch of a patient portal in a PCP office in which PCPs are working to effectively manage the health of chronically ill populations, such as persons with diabetes, heart failure, asthma, and anxiety/depression.
Complete the Proforma Template in Excel. Remember, for this Assignment, you will be selecting only the rows that are pertinent to this assignment. You do not need to fill out every row. You will be provided with a template that has all of the possible rows you might need. Start this assignment by evaluating the rows you might need and ignore those you want (but you may need them in the future).
Part III: Executive Summary (1 page)
Provide an Executive Summary in which you describe the relevant capital and operating costs for the program. Include the most relevant expenses that you think would be most significant to executives.
MMHA6520 Health Informatics and Population Health Analytics
Week 5 Assignment 1
Using Health Informatics for Prevention and Wellness in Communities: Program Proposal
Health professionals creating programs for populations must consider the different needs of populations as they plan. A health organization targeting a wellness program at a group of teenagers might take a different approach than one hoping to provide services to a senior citizen population. Strategies to prevent smoking might require different health informatics data, processes, and tools than one aimed at promoting screenings for cancer.
In this Assignment you focus on an important stakeholder population—young adults. You take on the role of an administrative leader challenged with articulating how health informatics tools might be used to engage this population in a pilot program aimed at preventing common conditions related to this group.
To Prepare:
Review the following scenario:
A local foundation is interested in funding an activity-based program for young adults in your region involving fun and fitness classes. Your supervisor has asked you, a leader in a health organization, to put together a proposal for a pilot prevention program in your community.
The Assignment: (1–2 pages)
Compose a 1- to 2-page prevention program proposal for your regional executive outlining the following:
A specific population for the pilot study
Your rationale for choosing that population
An outline of types of informatics tools you might use to execute this type of program in your community
Your rationale for choosing the informatics tools
MMHA6520 Health Informatics and Population Health Analytics
Week 5 Assignment 2
Weeks 5–7 will cover three population health specialty topical areas related to population health informatics:
Prevention and Wellness
Disease Management and Chronic Care
Environmental Issues
For your Final Project, due in Week 11, you will select one of these population health topical areas to feature. Specifically, for this Final Project, you will:
Select a population health challenge in a topical area.
Identify the different populations affected by this topic.
Use data from a data source provided to inform strategies to address the challenge.
Apply the data and analysis from the literature in a transformative way that is literature-based. In other words, this is not meant to be merely an exercise in researching the literature. Instead, you must demonstrate innovative, novel, unique thinking.
Provide an economic model to justify your approach and use of technology and data sources to address this challenge. How do you sustain and justify it?
Final Project: Final Project Milestone 1
The Assignment: Milestone 1: (1 page)
Submit your Topical Area and population selection to your Instructor with a rationale of why you chose this topical area and population. You will then receive feedback you can use as you continue to work on your Final Project.
By Day 7
Submit your Assignment
Submission and Grading Information
To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:
Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK5Assgn2+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.
Click the Week 5 Assignment 2 Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.
Click the Week 5 Assignment 2 link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.
Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK5Assgn2+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.
If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.
Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.
MMHA6520 Health Informatics and Population Health Analytics
Week 6 Assignment
Managing Diseases and Chronic Care Through Population Health Informatics Solutions
All nations are challenged with chronic conditions in populations that drive excessive utilization of health services. What is common in one country may differ from what is common in another, just as populations differ around the world. Also, some diseases and conditions may be transmitted from one country to the next as people travel from one place to the next. As someone interested in a career in population health, it is important to familiarize yourself with diseases and chronic care as a global issue and understand how other nations respond to related challenges using health informatics strategies.
For this Assignment, you place yourself in the role of an employee working in the health system in one of these nations. You will identify a particular population and disease that you feel drives particularly high consumption of health-related resources in that nation.
Assignment: Managing Diseases and Chronic Care Through Population Health Informatics Solutions
To Prepare:
Review the Resources for this week.
Select a current health system in the United States or abroad from one of the following countries:
Australia
Canada
France
Germany
India
Norway
Sweden
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates (UAE)
The United Kingdom
The Assignment: (1-2 pages)
Write a 1- to 2-page paper in which you address the following:
Identify the country you selected. Define a population and disease or chronic condition(s) that a health employee in your selected country is managing in order to meet quality and financial demands in their markets. Justify your selection.
Explain the kinds of health systems and data that might be used to effectively analyze disease and chronic illness in populations.Justify your choices.
Identify the external entities (e.g., insurance entities, government bodies, patient groups) who have the most impact on this organization’s use of informatics to manage chronic illness in their identified populations. Justify your answer.
Propose two or three potential population health informatics solutions to address problems related to disease management and chronic care and explain why they might address the problems.
Propose two or three potential population health informatics solutions to address problems related to disease management and chronic care.
MMHA6520 Health Informatics and Population Health Analytics
Week 7 Assignment
Weeks 5–7 will cover three population health specialty topical areas related to population health informatics:
Prevention and Wellness
Disease Management and Chronic Care
Environmental Issues
For your Final Project, due in Week 11, you will select one of these population health topical areas to feature. Specifically, for this Final Project, you will:
Select a population health challenge in a topical area.
Identify the different populations affected by this topic.
Use data from a data source provided to inform strategies to address the challenge.
Apply the data and analysis from the literature in a transformative way that is literature-based. In other words, this is not meant to be merely an exercise in researching the literature. Instead, you must demonstrate innovative, novel, unique thinking.
Provide an economic model to justify your approach and use of technology and data sources to address this challenge. How do you sustain and justify it?
Final Project Milestone 2: Economic Models
Health leaders have budgetary responsibilities to not only investigate and implement solutions, but to ensure that there are business models in place to allow those solutions to be sustainable. In choosing an economic model to serve as a framework for business decisions, they must consider the capital and operational costs of designing and implementing the health informatics solution.
Referring to your Final Project topic chosen in Milestone 1, investigate the appropriate economic model in order to propose a health informatics solution for your chosen topic.
To Prepare:
Review the Final Project Instructions.
Review any feedback you received in Week 5, Milestone 1.
Review Chapter 12, “The Economic Value of Informatics Applications in Population Health,” of your textbook. This time, concentrate on the economic models described.
Consider all of the operational and technology costs associated with implementing health informatics in this topical area can be sustained over time.
The Assignment: Milestone 2: (1–2 pages)
This week, you will submit your revised topics you selected in Milestone 1: your selected Final Project topical area, population, and health problem, with Instructor feedback incorporated. In addition, for this milestone, you will describe the economic model you plan to use and why. Justify your selection.
MMHA6520 Health Informatics and Population Health Analytics
Week 8 Assignment
Final Project: Final Project Milestone 3
For this Assignment, you will extract datasets from the data sources provided in Weeks 5, 6, and 7 that relate to your chosen Final Project topical area. Using datasets that you download from the data sources, you conduct basic statistical analyses such as observations regarding mean, median, and mode seen in the data in order to inform decisions related to health informatics solutions.
Remember that in addition to providing a 1-page description of your Final Project in this milestone defining the population and related health challenges, you also include a relevant chart or graph that summarizes your dataset and its relationship to your Final Project. Be sure that your graphic representation tells the complete picture of the story that you are describing in this project milestone.
To Prepare:
Review data sources that apply to your Final Project topical area from Weeks 5–7. Explore the datasets by sorting data and performing some basic analysis such as examining total counts, demographics, and quantitative topics measured in the dataset, as well as basic descriptive statistics such as averages and means in the data.
Using Microsoft Excel tools, sort the data and graph the data, looking for trends and patterns that you see in the datasets that you extract from each data source. What are the data telling you about the populations involved? How do the data that you see in the datasets compare to quantitative information and other studies that you are reading in your peer-reviewed research on your topical area?
Review any Excel resources as needed in order to conduct data analysis using Excel.
The Assignment: Milestone 3: (3- to 4-sheet Excel file including title page, raw data sheet, and findings, as well as a 2-page Word file with explanation of suggested systems and data sources, financial implications, and graphic representation of data)
Using the Week 8 Data Sources Guidelines, select a source of data from those provided and analyze it in the context of your Final Project. From this provided source of data, you will extract your own dataset. Use the dataset that you extract to address the following:
Title page and overview: (1 page): Define the population and related health challenges.
Explain the scope of the population (e.g., geographic, demographic; other specifics about population).
Excel sheets: Raw data sheets and findings.
Body: Using Health Informatics Data to Address Population Health Challenges (Word file, 2 pages)
Describe at least two different types of systems and data sources that might be used to analyze the population and challenges. Why would these data sources be appropriate?
Explain the financial implications of the problems.
Graphic representation of the data.
Propose a potential data-based solution for reducing the costs related to the population health challenge described.
MMHA6520 Health Informatics and Population Health Analytics
Week 9 Assignment
How Leaders Use Health Informatics
Sometimes population health informatics solutions and systems must be developed from the ground up to apply to a highly specific and customized population health issue. For that reason, leaders are positioned in organizations and to assume this level of responsibility and decision-making. They must make decisions that affect the health and wellbeing of populations at all levels of society. Sometimes, that involves analyzing data or information with limited context and little time to render a decision. Furthermore, leaders in health organizations must be equipped to communicate those decisions and their rationale for making those decisions to various types of stakeholders, both internal and external to organizations.
This Assignment will allow you to practice these skills, creating population health informatics leadership responses to a population health problem.
To Prepare:
Imagine that you are a mid-level manager who has been asked to address a population health problem (e.g., listeria in water devices). To address this problem, you are working with representatives from a local health department. You are tasked with creating a response that is to be disseminated to stakeholders, including the public.
Assignment
For this Assignment, you create a succinct (approximately 3 paragraphs) leadership response in the form of a release.
Include the following information relevant to population health informatics in your response:
A brief description of the population health problem (what, when, and how)
An explanation of the informatics system(s) involved:
What tools were used?
What data were needed and found?
What do the data mean?
What is your leadership response going to be related to findings and improvement of population health?
MMHA6520 Health Informatics and Population Health Analytics
Week 11 Assignment
Final Project Submission
This week, you finalize all of your Final Project milestones from previous weeks and submit your Final Project.
The Final Project was designed to provide you with opportunities to refine skills related to research and analysis, data presentation, and financial modeling. Carefully review all of the required elements of the assignment as you address the population health challenges identified in you Final Project. Focus on how the dataset that you analyzed adds to unique insights into the population health issues discussed in your Final Project. Ensure that you are maximizing opportunities provided by health informatics solutions to address the challenges discussed in your Final Project. Furthermore, make sure that you have outlined the initial and ongoing costs of these informatics solutions and the economic sustainability models to ensure that these solutions can be utilized in an ongoing manner.
To Prepare:
Review the Final Project Instructions.
Please be sure to incorporate any previous feedback from your peers/Instructor.
MMHA6520 Health Informatics and Population Health Analytics
Week 1 Quiz
Question 1Qualitative or quantitative variables are types of:
Question 2Governance and quality of electronic and non-electronic health records is the focus of which organization?
Question 3The health sector refers to various organizations that provide health-related activities. With regard to whether they are for-profit or nonprofit, which of the following is accurate?
Question 4Fill in the blanks: A ____ is a group of individuals with common characteristics based on _____.
Question 5Fill in the blank: It is important that patient health records be kept in an environment that is ____ (Check all that apply):
Question 6A federal board serving within organizations such as universities, health systems and hospitals to govern activities related to protecting the interests of research subjects.
Question 7Copy of Which of the following is the abbreviation for the professional organization for physicians and doctoral-level professionals studying bioinformatics and clinical informatics?
Question 8Security of health informatics data is of critical importance. For research, information that could be used to identify a specific patient is removed. Select examples of de-identified data include name, Social Security number, and which of the following?
Question 9The term health consumer encompasses which of the following? Check all that apply.
Question 10Which of the following is an umbrella term that covers many aspects of virtualized health and health services delivery?
Question 11Fill in the blank: _______refers to the architecture or standards that make it possible for diverse electronic health record (EHR) systems to work compatibly in a true information network.
Question 12Business functions in healthcare such as insurance verification/eligibility and scheduling of patients and staff are performed in which of the following?
Question 13Health Information Exchange (HIE) refers to the formal exchange of data or information about patients. Which of the following is NOT a function an HIE supports?
Question 14Fill in the blank: The ____ refers to the entirety of hardware components, networks, software, databases, security programs, and various devices that make up the framework for delivering health-related informatics products and services.
Question 15A broad view of health informatics and health information technology practice is addressed by the following association:
Question 16Which of the following is the abbreviation for the professional organization for physicians and doctoral-level professionals studying bioinformatics and clinical informatics?
Question 17Electronic Health Record Systems (EHR) and Electronic Medical Record Systems (EMR) are both used in treatment of patients to track, diagnose, codify, and document activities. However, an EHR includes broader functions as well. Select all that apply:
Question 18Fill in the blank: The quality of data is determined by their ____ fit for their desired and defined use.
Question 19In addition to end-user devices and electronic medical record systems, which of the following are examples of Health IT (HIT) components? Choose the best response answer.
Question 20The American Health Information Management Association proactively addresses data quality and best practices in data storage and management. Specific concerns include timeliness, precision, and which of the following?
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