Film Review “The Lost Battalion”
write an essay on “The Lost Battalion” that analyzes historical accuracy, military lessons to be learned, and/or usefulness in understanding timeless problems of warfare (such as leadership, logistics, intelligence, cultural literacy…).
V3 History Writing Rules Dates: All dates should be in this format: day month year for example: 4 February 2021 There are no commas between day month year. Always spell out the month. Do not use “th” or “rd” for example: 4th or 3rd. Only use the Arabic numeral. Dates in text: Always keep a “point-in-time reference” in proximity for your reader; and try to not break chronology in your writing. Names: Always cite the first name and, if possible, the rank or title of every person in your paper the first time you mention a person. After using the first time, you always refer to the person with either 1) the last name, or 2) the rank or title; never the full name. For example, after you mention “General Robert E. Lee,” you may subsequently refer to him as “Lee,” or the “Confederate Commander.” Colloquialisms: Avoid using colloquialisms and worn-out phrases in your writing. These include conversational phrases that we use in daily language. i.e. “All’s well that ends well.” Passive Voice: Avoid passive voice in academic writing. (passive) “A new system of drug control laws was set up.” (By whom?). (active) “The Lao People’s Revolutionary Party set up a new system of drug control laws.” One way to solve the problem is to ask who is the doer, then place that noun before the verb. Avoid making gender references to countries: “Napoleon refused to help Russia in her war with the Ottoman Empire.” Personification: Avoid personifying countries or states: “After Gettysburg, Great Britain did not feel the need to recognize the Confederate States of America.” People feel, not nations! Avoid starting a sentence with the word “there” and avoid using this word in general. Getting rid of ‘there’ will almost always result in a better sentence. Tense: Avoid using the present tense. Always work to keep your sentences in the past tense. One exception—reference to books/authors are present tense, you read it in the present. Make sure your sentences have tense agreement meaning that when multiple verbs are used in the same sentence they agree. Contractions: Spell out all contractions: can’t=cannot, shouldn’t, wouldn’t, they’re, etc. Numbers: Spell out numbers from 0-99 in the text, except military units, dates and percents. Avoid using the word “would” when describing historical action. “Sometimes, Napoleon would allow his men to pillage defenseless villages.” In strict usage, this is actually a question. In writing history, using the word “would,” infers future/possible action. In history, the writer must differentiate between action and inquiry. Would V3 History Writing Rules Napoleon or did Napoleon allow his men to pillage defenseless villages? He did allow his men, so you must use the proper tense of the verb allow: “Sometimes, Napoleon allowed his men to pillage defenseless villages.” Most often use this word to describe actions outside of the time line in the future, not for the next thing that happened. Beginning and ending the sentence: Avoid starting consecutive sentences with the word “The” and avoid ending sentences with articles, infinitives, and prepositions. Avoid starting sentences with: But, And, Since, When, Then, So and Because. Paragraphs: There are no two-sentence paragraphs at all! These do not exist. Avoid using two-word and three-word phrases. Always strive to increase your vocabulary by utilizing one strong term in place of the two-word and three-word phrases. For example, avoid the following: stir-up, came out of, head-out, carry out, go up through, put up, running around, to do, fit in, go out, snuck out, root out, caught up in, round up, point out, messed up. Any phrase with “out” or “up” should be changed. Avoid using conversational phrases in your writing: “People were being told” The correct form is: “People were told.” Never use the word thing or any word with the word thing. Plagiarism: More than three consecutive words lifted from a source is plagiarism and is not considered paraphrasing. This means that if you use a long sentence from a source, and you keep three consecutive words that are the author’s words and not your own, then this is plagiarism, even if you document the source in a footnote. It is not considered plagiarism if you use quotation marks and cite. When in doubt, cite. Use of AI is plagiarism. Citations: General information does not have to be cited. As a rule of thumb If you can find the same information in three different sources then this information is considered general knowledge and it does not have to be documented. If you cannot find this information in three sources it is not common or general knowledge and thus you must document where you found this information. However, all statistics and all statements regarding emotions, hopes, beliefs, and thoughts must be documented. Any reference to how a person feels or group of people feel about something must be documented. “Stuart felt terrible after he had his meeting with Lee at Gettysburg.” How do you know he felt terrible? Were you there? Did he tell you? Did his ghost come and tell you? Footnote numbers: All notes in the text must go at the end of the sentence. Always try to average a minimum of four or more footnotes per page in research papers. If you use one source for an entire paragraph the footnote can go at the end of the paragraph. Use this format.1 Quotes: Quotes four lines or longer should be indented and single-spaced but do not need quotation marks. Quotes less than four lines can be in text but need quotations. All direct quotes must be immediately followed by citation. V3 History Writing Rules Making a Thesis Statement: Thesis statement: Open your paper with a general description of the topic and then narrow it down in the subsequent paragraphs to your thesis. There is a difference between a topic and a thesis. Always work on developing a thesis. “Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte’s poor foreign policy decisions between 1808 and 1813 led to the utter collapse of his Empire in 1814.” Thesis: Napoleon made bad decisions and made mistakes in foreign policy caused the end of the French Empire. The rest of the paper will be spent supporting this statement. You must not only present the facts, but you must present the evidence to support what you interpret to be poor decisions. Not only what decisions he made, but why they were poor. You cannot just present research. Instead, your research must support your thesis. Paragraph Construction: Each paragraph must also begin with its own thesis statement and have at least one sentence of support and one for conclusion. The goal is to have one idea per. paragraph. Thesis Statement (sentence 1 of paragraph 1): “Napoleon launched one of history’s greatest and most disastrous military campaigns when he invaded Russia in 1812.” This is the over-riding theme of the paragraph. The following sentences will form the body of the paragraph and refer directly back to the thesis statement. Moreover, the body sentences should offer some sense of explanation or further development of the thesis statement for that paragraph. Because (sentence 2): “The alliance between Russia and France, established in 1807, had proven unsatisfactory to both parties.” Because (sentence 3): “Tsar Alexander I of Russia resented Napoleon for his refusal to assist Russia in its war against Turkey.” Because (sentence 4): “For his part, Napoleon was suspicious of the Tsar’s negotiations with England and Austria-Napoleon’s two greatest enemies.”
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