A researcher is interested in studying cooperative and competitive behaviour in siblings. How might he use (1)systematic observations and (2) self reports to measure sibling behaviour? Explain each type of measure and give an example of how each could be used to measure cooperation and competition between siblings.

RESEARCH ON CHILD DEVELOPMENT

1. A researcher is interested in studying cooperative and competitive behaviour in siblings. How might he use (1)systematic observations and (2) self reports to measure sibling behaviour? Explain each type of measure and give an example of how each could be used to measure cooperation and competition between siblings.

2. Describe the correlational and experimental research designs. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each design.

3. Using examples from everyday life, explain why a correlation between two variables does not prove a causeand effect relation between the variables.

4. A researcher wants to see if watching a violent movie leads to more aggressive behaviour in preschool children. How should the researcher proceed? Be sure to discuss sampling, assignment to conditions, and choice of independent and dependent variables.

5. Describe longitudinal and cross-sectional research designs. What are the strengths and weaknesses of each design?

6. A researcher wants to examine the changes in the stability of friendship between first and third grade. Should the researcher use a cross-sectional or a longitudinal design? Explain why you would select that specific design.

7. Do you believe that the potential benefits to research justify the use of deception by the researcher?

8. What are four ways that child-development researchers can influence social policy?

UNIT 3

HEREDITY AND ENVIRONMENT

1. Explain basic concepts of single gene inheritance using the terms alleles, chromosomes, homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, recessive.

2. Your friends Fox and Dana are expecting a baby. Both Dana and Fox are farsighted and have cheek dimples. Dana and Fox have said that they hope that their baby won’t need to wear glasses or have cheek dimples because they both hate their glasses and dimples. If you know that cheek dimples are dominant over no dimples and farsighted vision is dominant over normal vision, what can you tell Fox and Dana about genetic inheritance and the likelihood that they will get their wish?

3. Explain how (a) twin studies and (b) adoption studies are used to determine the influence of heredity on a trait and discuss a potential flaw of each type of study.

4. Describe Down Syndrome — what it is, its causes, and its symptoms.

UNIT 4

THE PRENATAL PERIOD

1. Name the three layers present in 3-week-old embryos and describe what each layer will later form.

2. Your friend Chloe is pregnant and she told you that she knows the three stages of prenatal development but she wasn’t sure what happens during each stage. What are these stages called, what weeks of development does each stage last for, and what happens during each stage?

3. Chloe is concerned about the amount of weight that she will gain during pregnancy. She doesn’t want to get “too fat.” She has heard of women who gain only 10 pounds while pregnant and they wear their pre-maternity clothes home from the hospital. What can you tell Chloe about weight gain during pregnancy?

4. What are four general principles governing the influence of teratogens on prenatal development?

5. Describe ultrasound, amniocentesis, and chorionic villus sampling and the kind of information that can be obtained from each.

6. Describe the three stages of labor and delivery.

7. Chloe wonders how long her labour will last. She has heard stories about women whose labours are so short that they had their babies in the back of a car or an elevator. What can you tell Chloe about the typical length of labour for a first-born child?

Requirements: Half page each question

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