Education means schooling, teaching, instruction, learning, or training etc.Education is the process of acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. Education commonly takes place under the guidance of teachers, but learners may also educate themselves.
Requirements:
Concept of Education: Naeem Asim
Education means schooling, teaching, instruction, learning, or training etc.Education is the process of acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. Education commonly takes place under the guidance of teachers, but learners may also educate themselves. Education can take place through the modes of formal, informal or non-formal settings and through any experience. The methodology of educating is calledpedagogy.
Education is commonly divided into following stages as
preschool or kindergarten Education,
primary school Education,
Elementary School Education
Secondary school Education
College Education,
University Education, and then
Apprenticeship (Training) Education.
Meaning of Education:
The word “Education” has been derived from the Latin word”Educatum” which means the act of teaching or training.
A group of educationists say that it has come from another Latin word “Educare” which means “to bring up” or “to raise”.
ETYMOLOGICAL MEANING OF EDUCATION
Etymologically, the word ‘Education’ has been derived from different Latin words. . Naeem Asim (0300 9631596)
a) ‘educare’ which means ‘to bring out’ or ‘to nourish’.
b) ‘educere’ which means ‘to lead out’ or ‘to draw out’.
c) ‘educatum’ which means ‘act of teaching’ or ‘training’.
d) ‘educatus’ which means ‘to bring up, rear, educate’.
According to
Aristotle – “Education is the creation of sound mind in a sound body.”
Rousseau – “Education is the child’s development from within.”
Herbert Spencer– “Education is complete living.”
Plato – “Education is the capacity to feel pleasure and pain at the right moment.”
Aristotle – “Education is the creation of a sound mind in a sound body.”
Pestalozzi – “Education is natural, harmonious and progressive development of man’s innate powers.”
Froebel -“Education is enfoldment of what is already enfolded in the germ.”
John Dewey – “Education is the process of living through a continuous reconstruction of experiences.”
Scope and importanceof Education
Following points describes the scope and importance of Education.
Education is a systematic process through which a child or an adult acquires knowledge, experience, skill and sound attitude.
It makes an individual civilized, refined, cultured and sophisticated.
For a civilized and socialized society, education is the only means.
Its goal is to make an individual perfect.
Every society gives importance to education because it is a panacea/cure for all evils.
It is the key to solve the various problems of life.
Education is the course/route that leads a person to better understanding of the situations in his life.
Education is acquiring knowledge and training to grow one’s intellectual capabilities to make decisions in different situations.
Education is a life-long process- Education is a continuous and lifelong process. It starts from the womb of the mother and continues till death. It is the process of development from infancy to maturity.
Education is development of individual and the society- It is called a force for social development, which brings improvement in every aspect in the society.
Education is modification of behaviour- Human behaviour is modified and improved through educational process.
Education is purposive: every individual has some goal in his life. Education contributes in attainment of that goal.
Education is a training- Human senses, mind, behaviour, activities; skills are trained in a constructive and socially desirable way.
Education is instruction and direction- It directs and instructs an individual to fulfill his desires and needs for happiness of his whole personality.
Education is life- Life without education is meaningless and like the life of ananimal.
Education is continuous reconstruction of our experiences- As per the definition of John Dewey education reconstructs and remodels our experiences towards socially desirable way.
Education helps in individual adjustment: a man is a social being. If he is not able to adjust himself in different aspects of life his personality can’t remain balanced. Through the medium of education he learns to adjust himself with the friends, class fellows, parents, relatives, neighbours and teachers etc.
Education is balanced development: Education is concerned with the development of all faculties of the child. it performs the functions of the physical, mental, aesthetic, moral, economic, spiritual development of the individual so that the individual may get remove his animal instincts by transferring the same so that he becomes a civilized person.
Education is a dynamic process: Education is not a static but a dynamic process which develops the child according to changing situations and times. It always induces the individual towards progress. It reconstructs the society according to the changing needs of the time and place of the society.
Education is a bipolar process: According to Adams, education is a bipolar process in which one personality acts on another to modify the development of other person. The process is not only sensible but careful.
Modes of education informal, Formal and non-formal,
Modes means types, approaches, styles or ways of education. So followings are the major modes of Education.
Formal,
Non-formal and
Informal Education:
Formal education – Formal education is organized and guided by a proper curriculum, syllabus or course and program. It leads to a formally recognized diploma, certificate or degree and is often guided and accepted by government. Teachers are usually trained as professionals in some way. Following points are also related to formal education.
Formal education is planned and limited to a specific period or stage.
It is given in school, college, universities and similar other institutions which are established with the purpose.
It is provided by systematic, planned and guided teaching according to certain set of rules and regulations.
Formal education is given by specially qualified teachers those are efficient in the art of instruction/teaching.
Formal education observes strict discipline.
Non-formal Education
Non- formal education is loosely organized and itMay or may not be guided by a proper curriculum. This type of education ispartially directed by qualified teachers. Non-Formal Education is any organized educational activity outside the traditional formal system. Non-formal education became part of the international dialogue on education policy in the late 1960s and early 1970s. In Pakistan in 1974 the AllamaIqbalOpen University came into exist for Non-Formal education at national and international level.
Non-formal education is also known as Continuing education adults’ education, part time education, lifelong education, distance educationor with job education etc. Usually it is flexible, learner-centered, contextualized and uses a participatory approach. There is no specific target group for NFE; it could be kids, youth or adults.
Informal Education –
There is no curriculum, no teacher, and no classroom no any type of organized system for education. Learner seeks or gets knowledge through non organized and non-preplanned way by parent, grandparent, a friend, media, society or environment. A father teaching his child to play catch or a babysitter teaching a child their ABC’s is an example of informal education.
Informal education is incidentals and natural/unstructured.
There is no conscious effort involved in informal education.
Mannerskindness, dealings, speaking, handling, habits etc. learnt in a market place or in a hotel or in one’s sitting opportunity is also the form of informal education.
Informal education is an educative activity which is neither pre-planned nor deliberate. The child learns many habits, manners and patterns while living with others or moving in different spheres like home, society and groups etc.
Unlike formal education, informal education is not imparted by any specializedorganization such as school or college.
Informal education is not given according to any fixed time-table or through formal means of education. There is no set curriculum required. Informal education consists in experiences and actual living in the family or community. So it is:
(i) Incidental and spontaneous
(ii) Not-pre-planned.
(iii) Not imparted by any specialized agency.
(iv). No prescribed time-table or curriculum.
(v) May be negative also
Naeem Asim (0300 9631596)
Elements of the process of education
Process of education is important for the promotion of education. There may be a lot of elements of the process of education, but aims and objectives, curriculum, pedagogy and evaluation are the most important element of the process of education. Details of these elements are as under.
Aims are general/over-all statements that provide direction to educational action/process. Aims are usually written in shapeless terms using words like: learn, know, understand, appreciate, and these are not directly measurable. Aims may serve as organizing principles of educational direction/process for more than one grade. Indeed these organizing principles may cover the range of educational direction for entire programs.
Aims are general statements.
Aims are the Starting points that suggest some ideal or stimulating vision for the educational process.
Aims Reflect value judgments of educational process.
Generally developed by prestigious, nationwide commissions and task forces.
Aims are a terminal point toward which we are moving, working, or traveling.
Aims are written usually with non-measurable verbs such as “To understand, To appreciate, to acquire, to become etc. (To become effective students), education for all, compulsory education, Quality of education.
The educational aims must be relevant to the times — both the present and the future, and provide direction that is good for society, and not for one particular group.
Goals are statements of educational target which are more specific than aims. Goals also may contain an entire program, subject area, or multiple grade levels. They may be in either specific or in open terms. Goals are derived from various aims and provide course to decision-makers with broad statements of what they should do. Some goals may be as:
Study the qualities of good health.
Determine the resources necessary for a healthy family.
Plan for the education of children.
Establish an effective environment for raising children education.
Objectives are usually specific statements of educational plan which define specific outcomes.
Objectives usually are considered to be specific in nature, written in terms of what students will be able to do at the end of the instruction.
Objective is a specific result that a person or system wishes to achieve within a time frame and within available resources.
In general, objectives are more specific and easier to measure than goals.
Objectives are basic tools that underlie all planning and strategic activities.
They serve as the basis for creating policy and evaluating performance.
An objective is something you plan to achieve.
An objective is the point of something. If you don’t understand the objective of a class, then you don’t know what you were supposed to learn.
Curriculum:
Curriculum is important element of educational process. Curriculum is program of study, syllabus, set of course used in educational process. Curriculum is a base which gives direction and instruction to educational process. Curriculum is plan for particular educational process. So accordingto Oxford dictionary
“Curriculum is a prescribed course of study”.
According to J.F.Kerr (1968).
“ All the learning which is planned and guided by the school, whether it is carried
on in group or individually, inside or outside the school is called curriculum”
Accrding to H.Rugg (1936)
“ Curriculum is the entire program of the school’s work. It is the essential means of
education. It is every thing that you and your teacher do”
Curriculum is totality of learning experiences provided to students so that they can attain general skills and knowledge through different learning activities.
Curriculum is a program of activities that are designed to attain educational objectives.
So curriculum provides a sense and way of progress to administrator, teachers and students.
Sum functions of the curriculum:
It develops of social understanding.
It promotes maximum personal development.
It helps to attain educational goals.
Maintains balance among all goals.
It carrying out (Accomplishment) of social demand.
It fulfills the Religious requirements.
It Provides/fulfills contemporary demands.
It carries out regional demand.
It comprises on physical and total development.
It raises the standards of living.
It modernizes the society.
It also fulfills the international needs.
. Naeem Asim (0300 9631596)
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