Why do we need to know some chemistry in order to understand biology?
Requirements: Short answer
BIOLOGY 130: STUDY PACKET 2: Basic Chem, Water, Carbohydrates, Lipids Answer on this sheet or a separate sheet – must be stapled when turned in 1) Why do we need to know some chemistry in order to understand biology? 2) Name and briefly describe the three fundamental subatomic particles that make up an atom. Draw a planetary model of a carbon atom and an oxygen atom with the various subatomic particles. Show how electrons are placed into the orbitals or energy levels. 3a) What are the three major types of chemical bonds that can form between atoms and how are they formed? b) What are the 2 types of covalent bonds that can form and what properties do they determine?
4) Describe the special properties of water that exist due to its unique structure. Give an example of how each of these properties are important biologically. 5) Why are atoms like carbon and oxygen so highly reactive? 6) Briefly describe a chemical reaction. What are the starting and ending materials of a chemical reaction called? 7)Each of the following elements is found in living organisms. For each symbol shown, name the element, list the atomic number, the atomic mass, the number of protons, neutrons and electrons. (the only ones you should memorize are C, H, N and O.) Symbol Element Atomic # Mass # Protons Neutrons Electrons C H N O P Na Cl K Ca
8) Describe the pH scale. How does it work? Give an example of a strong acid, a strong base, a weak acid, and a weak base. 9) Atoms normally contain equal numbers of protons and electrons, thus they are electrically ( positive / negative / neutral ) . 10) An electron is a (negatively / positively) charged particle. So if an atom loses an electron, it will then have an overall (negative / positive ) charge. 11) If an atom were to gain an electron, it would have an overall (negative / positive ) charge. If a hydrogen atom loses its electron, it ends up with a (negative / positive ) charge. 12) In the space below, draw a magnesium atom. Label the protons, neutrons, and place the electrons in orbitals with the correct number of electrons in each. Remember, the first orbital can take 2 electrons, the second can take 8 and the third can take 8.
13) Atoms with 1,2 or 3 electrons in their valence shell (the outermost shell) will lose electrons in order to become stable, thus forming positively charged ions. How many electrons will a magnesium atom lose to become stable and what will its overall charge be? 14) In the space below, draw a chlorine atom with the protons, neutrons and electrons correctly placed in orbitals (shells). 15) Atoms with 6 or 7 electrons in their valence shell will gain electrons in order to become stable, thus forming negatively charged ions. How many electrons can a chlorine atom pick up from another atom, and what will its overall charge be after it picks up an elecetron(s)? 16) For each of the following molecules, list the elements that are present, the number of
atoms of each and draw the structure of the molecule. Molecule Elements Present & of Atoms Structure H2O NH3 CH4 CO2 CCl4 CHCl3 17) List the elements contained in each of the following molecules: Biotin (one of the B-vitamins) C10H16O3N2S Adenosine Triphosphate (the body’s primary energy carrying compound) C11H18O13N5P3 Chlorophyll (the primary pigment in photosynthesis) C55H68O5N4Mg
18) Write the chemicalformula for the following molecules: A molecule of sucrose with 12 Carbon atoms, 22 Hydrogen atoms, and 11 Oxygen atoms ___________________________ A molecule of vitamin B12 with 63 Carbon atoms, 90 Hydrogen atoms, 14 Oxygen atoms, 14 nitrogen atoms, 1 phosphorous atom, and 1 atom of Cobalt ___________________________ 19) What does each of the following formulas represent? 6 H2O __________________ 4O2 _______________ 3NH3____________ Carbohydrate Review Quesons 1) What is the general chemical formula of a carbohydrate? 2) What is the chemical formula of glucose? 3) What is an isomer and list two examples of isomers that we discussed in class? 4) Draw a glucose molecule. 5) Is glucose hydrophobic or hydrophilic? 6) Is glucose a polar compound or non-polar compound? Explain why?
7) Draw out the chemical reacon where 2 glucose molecules are linked to form a disaccharide. Also idenfy where the glycosidic link is. 8) What is the name of the reacon where carbohydrates are linked together? 9) When two monosaccharides are linked together the resulng molecule is called a _______________. Also name two examples of this molecule. 10) Name the three polysaccharides discussed in class and describe their funcons. LIPID REVIEW QUESTIONS 1) Draw a fatty acid with 8 carbons. 2) Draw a triglyceride with three 8-carbon fatty acids. 3) What is the name of the reaction that describes how triglycerides are made? Next page->
4) What is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated fatty acid or triglyceride? 5) In plants triglycerides are often ________ (liquid or solid) In animals trigycerides are often___________ (liquid or solid) 6) Describe and draw the structure of a phospholipid. 7) Which cellular component is the phospholipid a part of?
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