Parameter Normal Arterial Acceptable range

Study Focus for A&P ABG interpretation, Control of Ventilation & V/Q relationships ABG 1. Know these values: Parameter Normal Arterial Acceptable range PCO2 40 tor 35-45 torr PO2 97 torr 80-100 torr PH 7 40 torr 7.35-7.45 502 98% 95-100% HCO3 24 mEq/L 22-26 mEq/L 2. Know PaCO2 abnormalities: Know how this moves the ph and in what direction PCO2 and HCO3 move PaCO2 value Interpretation Acid/base balance 35-45 torr Normal ventilation normal Above 45 Patient is not ventilating Pointing toward acidic Below 35 Patient is ventilating too Pointing toward much basic/alkalotic 3. Carbon dioxide is transported in the plasma through a. Binding to protein b. As bicarbonate c. As dissolved CO2 Carbon dioxide is transported in the red blood cells from tissue cell to the lungs through: a. Bicarbonate b. Combined with hemoglobin c. As dissolved CO2 What can the Henderson-Hasselbach equation be used to calculate? PH = P 1+109 _ HCos (0.03 X Pcoz ) Know common causes of ventilatory failure 7. Know the common causes of hyperventilation 8. Know common causes of metabolic acidosis 9. Know common causes of metabolic alkalosis 10. Know how to calculate the anion gap: Na – (CI + HCO3) Normal range is 9-14 mEq/L — (pages 331-333) a. An anion gap > 14 represents metabolic acidosis… a build up of fixed acids other than PaCO2 i. Lactic acids ii. Ketoacids iii. There are many more Know how to interpret ABGs a. Fully compensated b. Uncompensated c. Partially compensated V-Perfusion relationships 1. Know the normal perfusion to ventilation ratio: Our text book not my respiratory boyfriend…. a. Be able to calculate the ratio if given alveolar ventilation value and a pulmonary blood flow value: i. Example alveolar ventilation is 16, and pulmonary blood flow is 8 liters = 16/8=2 ii. Answer is 2… not hard so don’t make it hard 2. Know how gravity affects the V/Q in the upright lung