Explain how the analogy in the following passages work—either to clarify an explanation or to develop an argument, or both.
Explain how the analogy in the following passages work—either to clarify an
explanation or to develop an argument, or both.
A. History is to the nation rather as memory is to the individual. As an individual
deprived of memory becomes disoriented and lost, not knowing where he has been or
where he is going, so a nation denied a conception of its past will be disabled in dealing
with its present and its future. -Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. The Disuniting of America
B. By far the most exciting of our future technologies are those that enter into a
symbiotic relationship with us: machine + person. Is the car + driver a symbiosis of
human and machine in much the same way as the horse + rider might be? After all, the
car + driver splits the processing levels, with the car taking over the visceral level and the
driver the reflective level, both sharing the behavior level in analogous fashion to the
horse + rider. Just as the horse is intelligent enough to take care of the visceral aspects of
riding (avoiding dangerous terrain, adjusting its pace to the quality of the terrain,
avoiding obstacles), so too is the modern automobile able to sense danger, controlling the
car’s stability, braking, and speed. Similarly, horses learn behaviorally complex routines
for navigating difficult terrain or jumping obstacles, for changing canter when required
and maintaining distance and coordination with other horses or people. So, too, does the
modern car behaviorally modify its speed, keep to its own lane, brake when it senses
danger, and control other aspects of the driving experience.
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