Explain how the analogy in the following passages work—either to clarify an explanation or to develop an argument, or both.

Explain how the analogy in the following passages work—either to clarify an

explanation or to develop an argument, or both.

A. History is to the nation rather as memory is to the individual.  As an individual

deprived of memory becomes disoriented and lost, not knowing where he has been or

where he is going, so a nation denied a conception of its past will be disabled in dealing

with its present and its future.  -Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.  The Disuniting of America

B.  By far the most exciting of our future technologies are those that enter into a

symbiotic relationship with us: machine + person.  Is the car + driver a symbiosis of

human and machine in much the same way as the horse + rider might be?  After all, the

car + driver splits the processing levels, with the car taking over the visceral level and the

driver the reflective level, both sharing the behavior level in analogous fashion to the

horse + rider.  Just as the horse is intelligent enough to take care of the visceral aspects of

riding (avoiding dangerous terrain, adjusting its pace to the quality of the terrain,

avoiding obstacles), so too is the modern automobile able to sense danger, controlling the

car’s stability, braking, and speed.  Similarly, horses learn behaviorally complex routines

for navigating difficult terrain or jumping obstacles, for changing canter when required

and maintaining distance and coordination with other horses or people.  So, too, does the

modern car behaviorally modify its speed, keep to its own lane, brake when it senses

danger, and control other aspects of the driving experience.