The Lymphatic and Immune Systems
The Lymphatic and Immune Systems
True / False Questions
1. Lymph originates in blood capillaries that pick up tissue fluid. True False
2. Red bone marrow is the point of origin of all immune cells of the lymphatic system.
True False
3. Mucous membranes prevent most pathogens from entering the body because of the stickiness of the mucus and the presence of lysozymes.
True False
4. Interferons are secreted in response to bacterial infections. True False
5. Pus is made of dead neutrophils, macrophages, and other tissue debris from a damaged tissue.
True False
6. Pyrogens act by increasing the set point for body temperature in the thalamus. True False
7. The antigenicity of a molecule is due to specific regions of it called haptens.
True False
8. Interleukins are chemical signals by which immune cells communicate with each other. True False
9. Helper T cells respond only to epitopes attached to MHC proteins.
True False
10. Cytotoxic T cells respond only to antigens bound to MHC-I proteins. True False
11. Clonal selection of T cells happens in the thymus.
True False
12. Naive T cells can synthesize antibodies. True False
13.Humoral immunity takes care of intracellular viruses, whereas cellular immunity takes care ofextracellular viruses.
True False
14. Most Memory B cells are found circulating in the lymph. True False
15. Some antibodies against foreign antigens can react to similar self-antigens, causing an autoimmune disease.
True False
Multiple Choice Questions
16. Lymphatic vessels recover about of the fluid filtered by capillaries.
A. 5% B. 15% C. 25% D. 50% E. 85%
17. Lymph is similar to blood plasma, but very low in .
A. protein
B. carbon dioxide
C. metabolic waste
D. electrolytes
E. sodium and potassium
18. Special lymphatic vessels, called lacteals, absorb dietary that are not absorbed by the blood capillaries.
A. water
B. glucose
C. vitamins
D. amino acids
E. lipids
19. The tonsils are the largest, and their surgical removal (tonsillectomy) used to be one of the most common surgical procedures performed in children.
A. adenoid
B. lingual
C. palatine
D. pharyngeal
E. nasopharyngeal
20. Which of the following forces does not help lymph to flow?
A. Rhythmic contractions of lymphatic vessels
B. The thoracic pump
C. The skeletal muscle pump
D. The lymphatic node pump
E. Arterial pulsations squeezing lymphatic vessels
21. Which of the following is not an example of lymphatic tissue?
A. Aggregated lymphoid nodule
B. MALT
C. Lymphatic nodules
D. Macrophages
E. Diffuse lymphatic tissue
22. Which of the following is common in the distal small intestine?
A. Aggregated lymphoid nodule
B. MALT
C. Lymphatic nodules
D. Macrophages
E. Diffuse lymphatic tissue
23. are the largest of the lymphatic vessels, and they empty into the .
A. Lymphatic trunks; collecting ducts
B. Lymphatic trunks; subclavian arteries
C. Lymphatic trunks; subclavian veins
D. Collecting ducts; subclavian veins
E. Collecting ducts; subclavian arteries
24. Immune surveillance is a process in which nonspecifically detect and destroy foreign cells and diseased host cells.
A. T lymphocytes (T cells)
B. reticular cells
C. dendritic cells
D. macrophages
E. natural killer (NK) cells
25. The show(s) a remarkable degree of degeneration (involution) with age.
A. lymph nodes
B. thymus
C. spleen
D. pharyngeal tonsils
E. appendix
26. The only lymphatic organ(s) with afferent lymphatic vessels is(are) the .
A. lymph nodes
B. thymus
C. spleen
D. red bone marrow
E. tonsils
27. Removal of the would be more harmful to a one-year-old child than an adult.
A. spleen
B. lymph node
C. thymus
D. appendix
E. palatine tonsil
28. Which of the following does(do) not belong to the second line of defense?
A. The macrophage system
B. Natural killer cells
C. Inflammation
D. The gastric juices
E. Interferon and the complement system
29. lacks the capacity to remember a pathogen or react differently to it in the future, whereas
utilizes memory cells to adapt to a given pathogen and ward it off more easily in the future.
A. Innate immunity; cytotoxicity
B. Adaptive immunity; innate immunity
C. A natural killer cell; a macrophage
D. Innate immunity; adaptive immunity
30. are found especially in the mucous membrane, standing guard against parasites and allergens.
A. Monocytes
B. Lymphocytes
C. Basophils
D. Neutrophils
E. Eosinophils
31. employ a “respiratory burst” to produce bactericidal chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hypochlorite (HClO).
A. Neutrophils
B. Basophils
C. Cytotoxic T cells
D. Natural killer cells
E. Suppressor T cells
32. Complement fixation cannot lead to .
A. enhanced inflammation
B. opsonization
C. endogenous pyrexia
D. bacterial phagocytosis
E. cytolysis
33. are secreted by cells infected with viruses, alerting neighboring cells and protecting them from becoming infected.
A. Complement system globulins
B. Interferons
C. Granzymes
D. Pyrogens
E. Perforins
34. When an enemy cell is present, a(n) secretes perforins, which bore a hole in the enemy cell membrane.
A. interferon
B. interleukin
C. natural killer cell
D. antibody
E. opsonization
35. A pyrogen is a substance that causes .
A. inflammation
B. opsonization
C. complement fixation
D. cytolysis
E. fever
36. The first of a series of neutrophil behaviors in inflammation is .
A. chemotaxis
B. margination
C. diapedesis
D. phagocytosis
E. opsonization
37. is not a cardinal sign characteristic of inflammation.
A. Impaired use
B. Redness
C. Pain
D. Heat
E. Swelling
38. Basophils of the blood help to get defensive leukocytes to the site quickly by releasing an anticoagulant called and a vasodilator called .
A. bradykinin; histamine
B. selectin; prostaglandin
C. histamine; heparin
D. heparin; histamine
E. prostaglandins; selectin
39. Which of these cellular agents does not participate in inflammation?
A. Cytotoxic T cells
B. Macrophage
C. Eosinophils
D. Neutrophils
E. Endothelial cells
40. One group of proteolytic enzymes secreted by natural killer (NK) cells is .
A. selectins
B. cytokines
C. granzymes
D. perforins
E. interferons
41. Complement C3b protein coats bacteria and stimulates phagocytosis by during a process called .
A. lymphocytes and monocytes; opsonization
B. neutrophils and macrophages; cytolysis
C. mast cells and basophils; opsonization
D. mast cells and basophils; cytolysis
E. neutrophils and macrophages; opsonization
42. are antimicrobial proteins.
A. Bradykinins
B. Interferons
C. Cytokines
D. Kinins
E. Prostaglandins
43. One characteristic of the immune response is specificity. This means that .
A. immunity starts in defined organs in the body
B. immunity starts in specialized tissues in the body
C. immunity is carried on by a specific group of cells of the immune system
D. immunity is directed against a particular pathogen
E. immunity is carried on by a specific group of tissues of the immune system
44. Vaccination stimulates immunity.
A. natural active
B. artificial active
C. natural passive
D. artificial passive
E. innate
45. Cellular (cell-mediated) immunity is effective against .
A. allergens
B. venoms
C. cancer cells
D. extracellular viruses
E. toxins
46. A(n) is the region of the molecule that is recognized by antibodies.
A. epitope
B. antigen
C. hapten
D. major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
E. antibody monomer
47. T cells achieve immunocompetence in the .
A. bone marrow
B. bloodstream
C. spleen
D. thymus
E. liver
48. T cells undergo positive selection in the thymus, which means they .
A. react against self antigens
B. develop surface antigen receptors
C. remain alive but unresponsive
D. die and macrophages phagocytize them
E. multiply and form clones of identical T cells
49. The serum used for emergency treatment of snakebites stimulates immunity.
A. artificial passive
B. artificial active
C. natural passive
D. natural active
50. The majority of T cells of the naive lymphocyte pool wait for the encounter with foreign antigens in the
A. plasma
B. thymus
C. lymphatic tissues
D. lymph
E. blood plasma
51. Which of the following cannot act as antigen-presenting cells?
A. Reticular cells
B. Dendritic cells
C. Macrophages
D. B cells
E. T cells
52. Helper T (TH) cells recognize antigens when they are bound to a(n) .
A. hapten
B. immunoglobulin
C. natural killer cell
D. major histocompatibility complex (MHC) protein
E. basophil
53. Antigen-presenting cells usually display processed antigens to T cells in the .
A. blood plasma
B. lymph nodes
C. thymus
D. red bone marrow
E. liver
54. Helper T (TH) cells do not .
A. secrete cytokines that stimulate clonal selection of B cells
B. secrete cytokines that stimulate clonal selection of cytotoxic T cells
C. secrete cytokines that stimulate macrophage activity
D. secrete inflammatory chemicals
E. secrete fever-producing chemicals
55. participate in both innate immunity and the immune response.
A. Memory T (TM) cells
B. Regulatory T (TR) cells
C. Natural killer (NK) cells
D. Helper T (TH) cells
E. Cytotoxic T (TC) cells
56. Cytotoxic T (TC) cells are like natural killer (NK) cells because they both .
A. secrete interferons
B. secrete granzymes and perforin
C. participate in the immune response
D. participate in innate immunity
E. secrete tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
57. Memory T cells can be up to old.
A. weeks
B. days
C. decade s
D. years
E. months
58. Which of the following is something antibodies do not do?
A. Link antigen molecules together
B. Neutralize antigens by binding to regions of an antigen that can be pathogenic
C. Bind to enemy cells, thus changing their shape so their complement-binding sites are exposed
D. Differentiate into memory antibodies, which upon reexposure to the same pathogen would mount a quicker attack
E. Bind antigen molecules of two or more enemy cells and stick them together
59. Which is the correct sequence of events in the humoral immune response?
A. Antigen recognition ? antigen presentation ? differentiation ? clonal selection ? attack
B. Antigen recognition ? antigen presentation ? clonal selection ? differentiation ? attack
C. Antigen presentation ? antigen recognition ? clonal selection ? differentiation ? attack
D. Antigen presentation ? antigen recognition ? clonal selection ? attack differentiation
E. Antigen recognition ? differentiation ? antigen presentation ? clonal selection ? attack
60. Each immunoglobulin (Ig) has antigen-bonding site(s).
A. two
B. four
C. six
D. one
E. three
61. constitutes about 80% of circulating antibodies in plasma.
A. IgD
B. IgE
C. IgA
D. IgM
E. IgG
62. Which class of immunoglobulin provides passive immunity to the newborn?
A. IgD
B. IgE
C. IgM
D. IgA
E. IgG
63. Before B cells secrete antibodies, they differentiate into .
A. stem cells
B. antigen-presenting cells
C. plasma cells
D. T cells
E. macrophages
64. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) targets mainly .
A. helper T cells
B. B cells
C. plasma cells
D. cytotoxic T cells
E. natural killer cells
65. Most common allergies are the result of .
A. autoimmune diseases
B. type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity
C. type III (immune complex) hypersensitivity
D. type II (antibody-dependent cytotoxic) hypersensitivity
E. type I (acute) hypersensitivity
66. Beta cell destruction that causes type 1 diabetes mellitus is a(n) .
A. anaphylactic hypersensitivity
B. type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity
C. type III (immune complex) hypersensitivity
D. type II (antibody-dependent cytotoxic) hypersensitivity
E. type I (acute) hypersensitivity
67. A person who is HIV-positive and has a helper T (TH) cell count lower than has AIDS.
A. 20,000 cells/µL
B. 5,000 cells/µL
C. 1,000 cells/µL
D. 200 cells/µL
E. 50 cells/µL
68. Autoimmune diseases are disorders in which the immune system fails to distinguish from foreign ones.
A. self-immunoglobulins
B. self-antibodies
C. self-antigens
D. self-interleukins
E. self-complement proteins
69. Bronchoconstriction, dyspnea, and widespread vasodilation are all characteristics of .
A. local anaphylaxis
B. anaphylactic shock
C. autoimmune disease
D. an HIV infection
E. AIDS
70. An immediate and intense type I reaction that can be treated with antihistamines is characteristic of
A. anaphylaxis
B. anaphylactic shock
C. autoimmune disease
D. an HIV infection
E. AIDS
True / False Questions
71. The lymphatic system is involved in circulation, immunity, and nutrient absorption. True False
72. Any disease causing agent is a pathogen.
True False
73. The immune system spans nearly every organ and tissue in the human body. True False
74. Adaptive immunity involves skin, NK cells, and phagocytosis.
True False
75. Antibodies and complement can work together, linking innate and adaptive immunity. True False
76. Humoral immunity produces memory by increasing the number of cells and antibodies that can fight off a
pathogen in the secondary response. True False
77. Cellular immunity uses B cells and humoral immunity uses antibodies. True False
78. Cellular immunity uses MHC-I and MHC-II, but humoral immunity uses only MHC-II.
True False
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