Describe the concept known as ‘Horizontal Gene’ transfer and give an example.

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1. Describe the concept known as ‘Horizontal Gene’ transfer and give an example. Contrast Horizontal Gene transfer with the more traditional notion of Vertical Gene transfer. What role has Horizontal gene transfer played in the development of the major lineages of life? In your own words, explain why some researchers prefer to think of the base of the Tree of Life more like a “genetic soup” as opposed to an ever-branching tree.
2. Define Mendel’s “Law of Independent Assortment”. What type of cross was required to demonstrate that, for the most part, variations of different traits are inherited independent of other traits? What do we now know regarding Meiosis that confirms Mendel’s “Law” and why does it only apply in certain circumstances? Which instances does this law not apply to and why?