You will use this outline to write your Point/Counterpoint essay in Week 4.
DO THE FIND AND CITE SOURCES ASSIGNMENT BEFORE YOU WRITE YOUR OUTLINE.
- Point Counterpoint outline instructions
- Point Counterpoint outline sample - Read the sample before you write your outline.
- Point Counterpoint Outline template - USE THIS TEMPLATE TO WRITE YOUR OUTLINE. FILL IN THE BLANKS.
TO SUBMIT YOUR ASSIGNMENT:
1. Create your written assignment in a Word document (not Notepad, text or any other type of document) and save it.
2. Use this option – Select Browse My Computer - to upload a file from your computer.
3. Do NOT copy and paste your assignment.
If you experience technical difficulties in submitting this assignment, seek immediate assistance from Blackboard Support at 888-892-9095 and notify me if the problem is not resolved within 24 hours.
Note: Using this method places the text into Bb in a way that the instructor can highlight things on what you wrote and write comments on it. If you just copy and paste, I can’t do those things.
DO THE FIND AND CITE SOURCES ASSIGNMENT BEFORE YOU DO THIS ASSIGNMENT.
Point/Counterpoint Outline Instructions
You will use this outline to write your Point/Counterpoint essay in Week 4. Submit this outline in Week 2 (two weeks before your Point/Counterpoint essay is due) so I can provide feedback to help you write your final essay.
Select one of the issues from the list provided below. If you want to use a topic that is not on the list you must contact me for approval of your topic before you write your outline and essay. TOPICS THAT ARE NOT ON THIS LIST OR ARE NOT PRE-APPROVED WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED.
Topics
The topic you choose will also be the title of your outline and essay, word for word.
· Would decriminalizing drugs reduce crime and violence?
You may choose one of the following five Point/Counterpoint debate topics from your textbook: 1) Should we legalize drugs in general? 2) Should cognitive performance-enhancement drugs be used by healthy people? 3) Should alcoholism be viewed as a disease? 4) Should prescription drugs be advertised to the general public? If you choose to write about 1 of these 5 topics, you must include new and different arguments and also different sources than the textbook provides.
FORMAT:
Use the Outline Template (a separate Word document) to construct your outline. Type the following information into the boxes provided inside the template. READ THE SAMPLE OUTLINE BEFORE YOU BEGIN WRITING AND COMPARE YOUR OUTLINE TO THE SAMPLE OUTLINE BEFORE YOU SUBMIT IT.
1. A title that clearly states the issue as a question. Take your title from the list of approved topics and just copy what it says there word for word.
2. An interesting introductory paragraph that clearly introduces the question to be discussed with the point (argument for) and counterpoint (argument against). Do not include your opinion (do not say “I think, I believe, in my opinion.”)
3. Briefly list 3 strong arguments FOR the issue (the point). ***Each of the 3 arguments must cite a source.
4. Briefly list 3 strong arguments AGAINST the issue (counterpoint). ***Each of the 3 arguments must cite a source.
5. Briefly state your opinion on the issue in the closing paragraph.
6. List your references in alphabetical order at the end in APA format.
7. List your in-text citations from each reference inside the sections they apply to in order to show which reference the information came from.
IMPORTANT: The idea of this assignment is to have an open mind and really explore both sides of the issue. Even if you already have a strong opinion, try to understand the other side’s reasons and argue their side as strongly and objectively as you do for the side you agree with.
Arguments must directly relate to the question. For example, to address the question “Is marijuana a gateway drug that leads users to try more dangerous drugs?” you can list many harms of marijuana but that does not explain by itself how that leads to using more dangerous drugs. You can also list many benefits of marijuana but that alone does not explain how it will not lead to use of more dangerous drugs.
Writing Style and Format
· Use spell check to catch spelling, punctuation and grammatical mistakes. Then proofread your outline at least one time. Read what you wrote out loud to find missing words or things that do not sound right. Take pride in your work and strive to be mistake-free.
· Do NOT use any quotations . Instead, paraphrase (write in your own words) the ideas or information and cite the source.
· Type in Times New Roman, Size 12 font, 1-inch margins all around.
· At the top of the outline, write your name, course (COH 318), assignment (Point/Counterpoint Outline) and date.
You are strongly urged to make a half hour appointment with the Writing Center WritingCenter@nu. edu to help you write your essay. Appointments fill up quickly so reserve a place as soon as you can.
References
Use at least 4 total different sources for your arguments. Each of the 3 arguments for and each of the 3 arguments against must have at least one source. You can use the same source for more than one argument.
At least 2 of the sources must support your point (for). They must come from peer-reviewed journal articles or government reports.
At least 2 of the sources must support your counterpoint argument (against). They must come from peer-reviewed journal articles or government reports.
You can add as many extra references as you want to from your textbook or from non-scholarly sources (such as online journals and treatment center websites) but they do not count as one of the four required sources. All sources must be recent (e.g., published within the past 5-10 years). The CQ Press Library articles (below) are NOT counted as peer reviewed articles or government reports.
Use the National University Library database to search for sources.
Contact the Library – [email protected] or (858) 541-7900
1-866-NU ACCESS x 7900 (toll free)
This class also has a special NU library page that was created to help you do research http://nu.libguides.com/coh318
***To find the pro and con of substance abuse issues go to http://nu.libguides.com/coh318
Click on:
· COH 318 (on the left)
· Public Health Advocacy (on the left)
· Federal (in the CQ Press library box)
· CQ Press Library (SAGE) at the bottom
· CQ Researcher Plus Archive
· Browse Topics (at the top)
· Health
· Substance Abuse
· Select one of the titles
· Click Pro/Con on the left side to view the arguments for and against. Note: All the articles do not have Pro/Con but some of them do. This can greatly help you identify arguments and find sources.
IMPORTANT: These CQ Press Library articles are NOT counted as peer reviewed articles or government reports. They contain links to peer reviewed articles that you CAN use as part of your 4 requires sources, or you can use these articles IN ADDITION to the 4 required sources.
Use APA 7th edition format for your References list.
APA Resources
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/06/ 1-page instruction on Reference List format
· http://nu.libguides.com/ld.php?content_id=8766101 2-page handout on APA
· http://apastylecentral.apa.org.nuls.idm.oclc.org/learn/browse/QG-29
· http://library.nu.edu/assets/resources/pageResources/APA.pdf
· http://library.nu.edu/FindResources/ReferenceTools/citations.html
Learning Objectives: (CLO 1, GLO 2, GLO 3, GLO 6, GLO 8, ILO 1, ILO 2)
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Student Name
COH318
Point/Counterpoint Essay
Date
Should Naloxone be allowed to be administered by anyone in order to save a life in case of a narcotic overdose emergency?
Imagine having the power to easily save the life of someone experiencing a narcotic or opioid prescription medication overdose… anyone, anytime, anywhere. Naloxone (Narcan) is an opioid antagonist medication that effectively reverses the effects of a narcotic overdose (usually heroin), is legal to possess with a prescription, is fairly inexpensive, and has no psychotropic effects or potential for abuse (Lankenau et al., 2013). However, currently the majority of Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) in the United States are not authorized to administer such medications. Those who support widespread distribution of naloxone and advocate for training lay people to use it say it will potentially save more human lives. Those against its widespread use fear possible accidental overdoses, masking the addiction problem, or potential increase in drug use. Weighing these pros and cons, should such an antidote be given free to all narcotic users?
In order to combat the rising number of narcotic overdose cases, distribution programs that allow family members and friends to administer naloxone were established in some areas within the United States, and these programs demonstrated success in saving lives (Faul et al., 2015). These programs increased the ability to save the lives of any narcotic overdose/abuse by a family member, friend, or associate, whether the episode was witnessed or the overdosed user was discovered after some elapsed time. Furthermore, naloxone is easy to administer with proper education, awareness and training, so the benefits greatly outweigh any risks. In the San Francisco DOPE Intervention Project, 90 percent of trained participants who administered naloxone to overdose cases reported positive outcomes (Enteen et al., 2010). In most states, the emergency/first responder medical scope-of-practice protocols prohibit naloxone administration by basic EMTs. Reducing this unnecessary barrier could help prevent thousands of drug overdose deaths annually and there are many who support suggestions for more widespread use of intranasal naloxone by non-advanced life support providers (Faul et al., 2015). Intranasal administration of naloxone has multiple benefits compared to intravenous routes, including no required medical intravenous venipuncture skills, and it eliminates the risks of needle-stick injuries and blood-borne diseases. People without professional medical backgrounds have demonstrated competence in basic first aid, rescue breathing, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) as first responders to an emergency, and nearly every business establishment in the United States these days has an automated external defibrillator (AED) which can be used by non-medical personnel to revive a person in cardiac arrest. Bazazi, Zaller, Fu, and Rich (2010) state that it makes sense for drug users and others to have an accessible tool to reverse opiate overdose that works well, is easy to use and is not harmful. Overall, these facts portray that anyone with a little initiative and the ability to follow easy instructions can save the life of someone who overdoses on opioids, whether by intent or by accident.
Whereas widespread distribution of naloxone may seem good on its face, there are many critics who believe that it could lead to further complications, such as possible accidental overdoses, perpetuating addiction or increase in drug use. There are obvious concerns that narcotics abusers may develop a false sense of security that having access to naloxone may make them safe from an overdose. These users may then increase their drug dosages due to this bravado or simply increase their overall intake to off-set any withdrawal effects. In a poll of injectable drug users who voluntarily participated in a study, nearly 15% believed easy availability of naloxone to be a bad idea and several reported that they might increase their heroin dosage as a result (Strang et al., 1999). Some of the participants in one take-home naloxone study group stated that if someone administered naloxone to them, they would then have to use more opiates to counteract the discomfort from withdrawal symptoms (Breedvelt, Tracey, Dickenson, & Dean, 2015). While having naloxone for treatments at home may be a quick remedy for a heroin or opioid overdose, a major benefit for receiving treatment from a professional doctor at a medical facility is the opportunities offered to attend sobriety or intervention programs to eliminate the addict’s drug using and seeking behaviors and to ensure safe treatment. Naloxone distribution does not address the core problem which is the actual addiction. Participants from other studies reported that they would be reluctant to administer naloxone, even if witnessing an overdose in person, due to the police or other paperwork that may be required or because giving the medication to a patient requires constant medical surveillance and monitoring until they are fully revived or until a higher echelon of medical care arrives. Distributing naloxone may be a good gesture, but the risks of increased drug use, accidental overdoses and masking the core problem of addiction outweigh the benefits.
References
Bazazi, A. R., Zaller, N. D., Fu, J. J., & Rich, J.D. (2010). Preventing opiate overdose deaths: Examining objections to take-home naloxone. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 21(4), 1108-13. Retrieved from
https://nuls.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.nuls.idm.oclc.org/docview/ 816192333?accountid=25320
Breedvelt, J. J. F., Tracey, D. K., Dickenson, E. C., & Dean, L. V. (2015). "Take home" naloxone: What does the evidence base tell us? Drugs and Alcohol Today, 15 (2), 67-75. Retrieved from
https://nuls.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.nuls.idm.oclc.org/docview/ 1700641589?accountid=25320
Enteen, L., Bauer, J., Mclean, R., Wheeler, E., Huriaux, E., Kral, A. H., & Bamberger, J. D.
(2010). Overdose prevention and naloxone prescription for opioid users in San Francisco. Journal of Urban Health, 87(6), 931-41.
doi: http://dx.doi.org.nuls.idm.oclc.org/10.1007/s11524 – 010 – 9495 – 8
Faul, M., Dailey, M. W., Sugerman, D. E., Sasser, S. M., Levy, B., & Paulozzi, L. J. (2015). Disparity in naloxone administration by emergency medical service providers and the burden of drug overdose in US rural communities. American Journal of Public Health, 105, E26E32. Retrieved from
https://nuls.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.nuls.idm.oclc.org/docview/ 1687987375?accountid=25320
Lankenau, S. E., Wagner, K. D., Silva, K., Kecojevic, A., Iverson, E., Mcneely, M., & Kral, A. H. (2013). Injection drug users trained by overdose prevention programs: Responses to witnessed overdoses. Journal of Community Health, 38(1), 133-41.
doi: http://dx.doi.org.nuls.idm.oclc.org/10.1007/s10900 – 012 – 9591 – 7
Strang, J., Powis, B., Best, D., Vingoe, L., Griffiths P, Taylor C, Welch S, & Gossop M. (1999). Preventing opiate overdose fatalities with take-home naloxone: Pre-launch study of possible impact and acceptability. Addiction, 94(2), 199-204. Retrieved from
https://nuls.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.nuls.idm.oclc.org/docview/ 199558588?accountid=25320
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Student Name
COH318
Point/Counterpoint Outline
Date
TITLE
State the question from the list of approved topics, word for word. |
INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH
Introduce the topic and include the point and counterpoint without providing an opinion. |
Brief introduction (NO OPINION): Supporters say: Opposers say: |
FIRST SECTION
#1 Argument FOR. Include in-text citation(s) in APA format (where did you get the information from?) |
Succinctly state the lst argument in 1 sentence: Then briefly elaborate in your own words (no quotations): In-text citation _________________ Format: (AUTHOR[s] LAST NAME, COMMA, YEAR) PERIOD (must also be on your References list below) |
#2 Argument FOR. Include in-text citation(s) in APA format (where did you get the information from?) |
Succinctly state the 2nd argument in 1 sentence: Then briefly elaborate in your own words (no quotations): In-text citation:_________________ Format: (AUTHOR[s] LAST NAME, COMMA, YEAR) PERIOD (must also be on your References list below) |
#3 Argument FOR. Include in-text citation(s) in APA format (where did you get the information from?) |
Succinctly state the 3rd argument in 1 sentence: Then briefly elaborate in your own words (no quotations): In-text citation _________________ Format: (AUTHOR[s] LAST NAME, COMMA, YEAR) PERIOD (must also be on your References list below) |
Concluding Sentence: |
Do not give your opinion |
SECOND SECTION
Transition (i.e., On the other hand) |
Transition: |
#1 Argument AGAINST. Include in-text citation(s) in APA format (where did you get the information from?) |
Succinctly state the lst argument in 1 sentence: Then briefly elaborate in your own words (no quotations): In-text citation _________________ Format: (AUTHOR[s] LAST NAME, COMMA, YEAR) PERIOD (must also be on your References list below) |
#2 Argument AGAINST. Include in-text citation(s) in APA format (where did you get the information from?) |
Succinctly state the 2nd argument in 1 sentence: Then briefly elaborate in your own words (no quotations): In-text citation _________________ Format: (AUTHOR[s] LAST NAME, COMMA, YEAR) PERIOD (must also be on your References list below) |