Please find the attached Files and provide 3-4 lines comments for each file. Please mention answer for each file separately Example Comments: Preeti thank you for an excellent

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With the example of the tree and many other examples for circular economy – there is no waste and nothing is wasted. There is no much waste in our country and across the globe. There is so many steps in the production chain and steps to produce goods; that is part of the problem. Many companies do not know what is in their materials or the quality of these materials or their worth; that many materials are thrown away. Over 2 trillion worth of materials is thrown out every year. Part of circular economy is to recycle and reuse these materials in to other goods and resources

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The idea Maayke had for Resources Passport came from having to buy a new coffee pot because the hot plate was broke. The rest of the coffee pot worked fine– so why was she throwing away the whole coffee pot because one part was defective? The other materials were usable – so came the start of resources passport. This allows companies and manufacturers to know they can design and use recycled material – and you know exactly what is in them, the quality and their worth.

In order to promote her idea she had to give a lot of presentations on it. She was nervous, because she knew here idea was “not complete, or flawless or the best ” Her audience would ask questions that she did not have the answers too – but those critical remarks made her idea stronger and had improved because of this feedback. It also gave her the connections she needed to take her idea to the next level. It put her in the room with different business people who helped get her idea of resources passport going and currently code is being written for the algorithm and is part of European and Dutch policy. If you want to change the status quo – you need to have the power of connections to help get you there.

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Doughnut economics proposes an economic mindset that’s fit for the 21st century context and challenges. Economics that has been taught in the class room for the last 60-years is based on a household and how we measure goods and services. People work to create resources, get paid to work, to then spend money for other goods and services – that cycle continues. Not all households are the same in this world: • 1 in 8 don’t have enough food • 1 in 5 do not have electricity • 1 in 5 live in poverty

Doughnut economics keeps human well being top of mind – how it ensures we have the resources to meet our human rights within the means of the planet

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Between these two sets of boundaries lies a doughnut-shaped space that is both ecologically safe and socially just: a space in which humanity can thrive.

The starting point of Doughnut Economics is to change the goal from endless GDP growth to thriving in the doughnut. At the same time, begin economic analysis by seeing the big picture and recognizing that the economy is embedded within, and dependent upon, society and the living world. Doughnut Economic also recognizes: • Human behavior can be nurtured to be cooperative and caring, just as it can be

competitive and individualistic • Economies, societies, and the rest of the living work are complex, interdependent

systems that are best understood through the lens of systems thinking

Doughnut economics “makes you think about human well being and being social responsible to our environment and planet”

https://doughnuteconomics.org/about-doughnut-economics

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• 40,000 daily deaths from starvation • 1.6 billion without power (1/4 of humanity) • 100 million homeless • 1 billion tons of waste annually • Pollution linked to 40% of global deaths Answers to some of these issues: • Hydroponics • Solar wind • Geothermal • Earth ship homes • Zero waste living • Recycling • Clean energy

Thanks to the internet partnerships, cooperative collaborative and communication has started in many progressive organizations that are combining their resources and working together for a more sustainable world

“We are called to be the architects of the future, not the victims” Buckminster Fuller

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“We will be the  architects of the future, 

not its victims” ‐Buckminister Fuller

Week 8 ‐Videos MBA 715

Preeti Gopalani

This week’s videos have a theme of balance and being proactive, creative, and collaborative. Sustainability cannot be  achieved by one person or by one company. It requires the collaboration of people around the world. It can be achieved,  only if enough people want it. It is about achieving a balance between human needs, wants, and environmental aspects of  our planet. To achieve success in sustainability, we need to question old methods, which need updating with change in  time and be innovative with the availability of new techniques. Above all, the videos ask us to act now.

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Sustainability through a circular economy, Maayke Damen https://youtu.be/dcVu20XQ5og 

make use dispose waste pollute

Connecting Dots

Circular Economy

Circular economy: is an economy where waste does not exist as someone’s waste is another’s treasure. The presenter 

Maayke explains it by comparing it to example of a Tree. A tree takes nutrients from the ground and grows leaves and 

fruits. Animals and man use this as their food, which is converted into carbon dioxide. Trees convert carbon dioxide to 

oxygen used for breathing. Leaves fall off, providing nutrients for other organisms. This cycle continues, and nothing is 

wasted. In the same way, the Circular economy is a model where the use of resources is maximized through sustainable 

design, repair, reuse, and recycling. Products or waste from one business forms the resources for another, thus limiting 

the extraction of  new materials.

Resource Passport: For a circular economy to be successful in business, information about the materials is necessary. 

Production is a complex system, and its various processes are carried out in different countries. It becomes difficult to 

know comprehensive information about the materials used in the process. Therefore, the materials end up in landfills 

after being used once and each year about 2 trillion worth of materials is thrown away. Maayke came up with the idea of 

the Resource Passport. It is a database where you can keep a track of all the steps of the product and the material used in 

its production over the lifecycle. The information is thus available in one place, and one can easily find information about 

the origins, quality, composition, and worth of the materials. With the availability of this information, materials can have 

infinite applications when the product has served its purpose or is at the end of its life. For instance, a designer can now 

choose to design the products from these recycled materials, or as a consumer, one can decide to not buy the product if it 

is made from materials that conflict with their values.

Connecting Dots: Maayke’s journey of initiating a Resource passport began with her curiosity about why she had to throw 

away a coffee machine when it broke down. Why couldn’t it be repaired, or its parts recycled or reused for some other 

purpose? Her curiosity led her to connect dots to find answers, which led her to find a way to help promote a circular 

economy. If we need transformation, we must question the status quo of the situation. One should question why things 

are done in a certain way and whether they can be done differently, more efficiently, and in a sustainable manner. 

Connecting dots is also working in collaboration. Just like manufacturing a product needs collaboration amongst various 

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departments, to achieve sustainability or any transformation, reaching out to others is also necessary. The different ideas, 

experiences, and perspectives only add to its success.

other resources: Maayke‐Aimée Damen | Innovators Under 35, By Olga Rodríguez,Translation: Lisa Rushforth

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Why it's time  for 'Doughnut  Economics’ Kate Raworth https://youtu.be/1BHOflzxPjI 

/status/849562726414397442/photo/1

Kate Raworth states that traditional economics is based on the circular‐flow diagram between companies and households 

and is mainly focused on continuous and infinite growth of income. She states that there are weaknesses in the current 

economic model. The model ignores the ecological context and is only concerned with growth rates.  The model does not 

account for the unpaid work of parents raising kids and performing household tasks or the value of the power of 

cooperativeness and collaboration. It also does not account for the income disparity between the rich and the poor, 

which is increasing, and this accumulation of wealth rapidly turns into power over the economy and who it’s run for. She 

suggests updating the economy to reflect the changes and needs of the 21st century so that it accounts for the well‐being 

of our planet in addition to our well‐being and economic development.

Raworth developed a “Doughnut Model”, which starts with human wellbeing rather than money. It includes aspects of 

our social foundation as well as planetary needs. The center of the doughnut model is the space(hole) where we are 

putting no pressure on the planet, and a large number of people worldwide don’t have access to basic needs of food, 

water, health education, and housing. Therefore, we need to be on the inner ring of human well‐being, the social 

foundation. However, we must also stay below the outer ring, the limits set by the environment because if the use of 

resources and pollution is high and in excess, it will hurt the planet. She explains that the ideal space of our economy is 

between the social foundation and the ecological ceiling. The doughnut model of economics suggests that progress 

should be measured as a balance between using resources and protecting the planet’s life‐support systems.

She asks if we could be the turnaround generation that starts putting humanity back on track in space, as right now, we 

are outside of both boundaries. The consumer, companies, business leaders, financial professionals, economists, and 

everyone should ask themselves how each of them can contribute to pushing us back on the balance. It is our turn to 

expand economics from household, city, state, and national to the planetary household.

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Sustainable World‐Sustainable Future: 

Get Involved & Create it Source: https://youtu.be/cYh0RQzPzLo

"I believe that if you show people the problems and you show them  the solutions they will be moved to act“ ‐Bill Gates

Problems exist

Solutions exist

How can I & you contribute

Even though solutions exist, problems still exist. There are 40,000 daily deaths, pollution is linked to 

40% of global deaths, 1.6 billion people are living with power, and 1 billion tons of waste is 

generated. Answers to these problems are available in the form of aquaponics, geothermal, clean 

energy, and many more. People have so far ignored the solutions to all these problems. However, 

as the awareness of social and environmental sustainability is increasing, so is the number of people 

motivated to find answers to these problems. Global collaborations are possible, connecting the 

visionaries and motivated people. The Internet has been a useful tool in connecting dots and 

building strategic partnerships and collaboratives. Organizations around the world are combining 

resources and working together. People are working on the field to achieve sustainability, and the 

financial contributors are providing their support to these individuals.

Although opportunities exist at every level to help with the process of creating a sustainable world, 

it can only succeed if each of us contributes to it. The narrator asks a question about how much You 

want to apply your abilities, understandings, and motivations to achieve sustainability. I believe no 

matter the size of the contribution, small or big, every step counts and will only accumulate to make 

a big effect. However, I also believe it is important for us to take the steps now and not wait for the 

future generation. The future is uncertain, but we have the power to make choices today so we can 

choose our tomorrow.

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WEEK 8 WEYBRECHT CHAPTERS

Ch. 7 Economics Ch.18 What Will The Future Bring.

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Public

Ch. 7 Economics

• What is Economics? • Why is it important? • Key Concepts • Challenges • Trends and new ideas

Economics is a tool that helps us understand how we got where we are and how to move forward. It is also the study of how people choose to use resources. It is important because the world is changing, ecosystem services, understanding regulatory and market-based instruments, better understanding of the full cost business and society's decisions, increased regulations and standards Sustainable consumptions – rise of consumer societies The commons – Way we manage shared resources Externalities – Understanding cost a company's activities have on people and planet Market-based incentives – Use market as a way to protect the planet Re-evaluating GDP – Changing the way we measure progress Emerging markets – Impact of new or growing markets on global sustainability Box: environmental evaluation – Understanding the value of biodiversity

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Box: business and the worlds poor – Working with the bottom of the pyramid Challenges – uncertainty, free riders, everyone needs to do their part, determining the tradeoffs, getting incentives right, determine what optimum means Trends and new ideas – alternative trading systems, a new economic model, estimate the cost of inaction, from free to fee, valuing future generations, regulatory instruments

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Public

Ch. 7 Economics

• Environmental evaluation • Ecosystems provide • Criteria for calculating economic value • Direct market methods • Revealed preference methods • Stated preference methods

Ecosystems provide – provisioning, regulating, cultural, habitat or supporting Criteria – direct to use value, indirect value, option value, non-use value Direct Methods – market priced, damage cost avoided, preventative expenditure, productivity approach, benefit transfer Revealed methods – hedonic pricing and travel cost Stated methods – Contingent valuation, contingent choice

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Public

Ch. 7 Economics

• Business and the worlds poor • Who are they • Why • How • Things to keep in mind

Who are they – unmet needs, depend on informal or subsistence livelihoods, impacted by a BOP penalty Why – companies can make a difference, part of a long-term strategy, a lot of opportunities, conditions are improving, better partners available, public expectations are changing, transfer lessoned learned to and from markets, building better capacity How – Collectively engaging, buying products or services from the poor, provide products and services, through community investment, creating investment models Keep in mind – Focus on core competencies, high standards, start early as it takes time, provide unique products and services, localized value creation through franchising, don’t just rely on market research, two-way learning

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Public

Ch. 18 What Will The Future Bring?

• Sustainability becomes the norm. • From perceived benefit to actual. • Direct to indirect. • Increased Transparency. • The elephants will start dancing. • Creating enabling environments. • Embedding sustainability into education. • Anything goes.

• Twenty-one wise words of advice

Our text has presented sustainability as finding the balance of social, environmental and economic issues. Some believe that sustainability is the focus of the long-term financials of a company. People will be able to know how a company is really doing instead of just how it seems, just as you can with financials. The sustainability information will contain more and connect with financial information. Many companies are only doing minimum or small activities but, in the future, the small activities will come together into bigger, stronger and more integrated strategies that cover the organization. Today companies that are not compliant with sustainability standards are able to get away with it but in the future, they will need to provide information on why they are not meeting standards. Large companies will make a huge impact on sustainability and will also require stakeholders to do more. Cities will become smarter in how they use water and energy. There will also be a greater focus on people and communities.

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Schools with begin to teach sustainability at all levels and also professional training programs. There will be a lot of new sustainability innovations and the future will be whatever we make of it.

Words of advice 1) Sometimes it works, sometimes it doesn’t 2) Be patient 3) Keep an open mind 4) Answers often lie within 5) Don’t just do it like everyone else 6) Keep it relevant 7) There are no shortcuts 8) There is no black and white 9) Work together 10) Be active, not defensive 11) It is all about balance 12) Everything is connected 13) Focus on the problem, not the symptoms 14) It doesn’t need to be perfect 15) Do something different 16) Don’t just complain, do something 17) Unlikely events are common 18) Not everything that looks green is green 19) Do it right the first time 20) It doesn’t matter how it starts or why it starts 21) Enjoy it

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In 2015 a new set of Sustainable Development Goals were adopted by the U.N. There are 17 goals based 169 targets which became the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development calling for action by all countries participating in a global partnership.

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Progress has not been sufficient enough. Business leaders are still focusing on mainly short-term economic gains without an understanding of the long-term benefits and values of the Sustainable Developmental Goals. The private and civil sectors need more active participation in achieving the SDGs, as it has mainly been the public sector.

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Sustainability is embedded in education today- educating those going into professions so that they learn how to do the job differently and see sustainability as the norm There is more innovative ideas about how to do business and meet SDGs.

Chapter 7 gives the example that, “in 2005, South Korea put a price on waste by having retailers charge customers a “one-use” fee disposable items such as cups and bags. This created an economic incentive that encouraged customers to bring their own reusable bags and cups with them, changing their behavior to more environmentally friendly.”

There has been interest and movement in re-evaluating the GDP. The GDP is weighted mostly towards increased production and consumption, regardless of necessity or desirability, and at the cost of more holistic criteria. Weybrecht, G. 2014. The sustainable MBA: A Business Guide to Sustainability. 2nd Ed. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.

Analysis has shown that many countries have made improvements and have enhanced collaboration.

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Some statics from the Sustainable Development Goals Report 2019 : ü extreme poverty has been cut from 36% in 1990 to 9% in 2018 ü child mortality has been cut in half since 2000 ü immunization programs have saved millions of lives ü most people in developing countries now have access to electricity. ü countries have taken concrete actions to safeguard environmental

limits v For example, marine protected areas have doubled since

2010 and 186 countries have ratified the Paris Agreement on climate change

Closing the sustainable development gap: A global study of goal interactions, 12, February, 2021 Kristin Linnerud, Erling Holden, Morten Simonsen https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2171

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Using technologies to fuel innovation and advancements in sustainability and a focus on nature-based models that use local natural occurring resources Promote environmental education and awareness so that the attitudes and views about our planet can be installed at a young age and assist in the transition to a more sustainable way of life as they age. In 2019 the UN called for a ”decade of action” stating 2020 needed to usher a decade of ambitious action to deliver the Goals for 2030. The three levels of action were:

“Global action to secure greater leadership, more resources, and smarter solutions

Local action embedding the needed transition in the policies, budgets, institutions, governments and local authorities

People action needing everyone everywhere to generate an unstoppable movement pushing for the required transformations.” Decade of Action https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/decade-of-action/

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