This week we focus on the introductory chapter in which we review data mining and the key components of data mining.? In a format answer the following quest
- This week we focus on the introductory chapter in which we review data mining and the key components of data mining. In a format answer the following questions:
- What is knowledge discovery in databases (KDD)?
- Review section 1.2 and review the various motivating challenges. Select one and note what it is and why it is a challenge.
- Note how data mining integrates with the components of statistics and AL, ML, and Pattern Recognition.
- Note the difference between predictive and descriptive tasks and the importance of each.
- In an APA7 formatted answer all questions above. There should be headings to each of the questions above as well. Ensure there are at least two-peer reviewed sources to support your work. The paper should be at least two pages of content (this does not include the cover page or reference page).
- Please find the attachment for Section 1.2.
Number of page: 2 pages
1.2 Motivating Challenges
As mentioned earlier, traditional data analysis techniques have often encountered practical difficulties in meeting the challenges posed by big data applications. The following are some of the specific challenges that motivated the development of data mining.
Scalability
Because of advances in data generation and collection, data sets with sizes of terabytes, petabytes, or even exabytes are becoming common. If data mining algorithms are to handle these massive data sets, they must be scalable. Many data mining algorithms employ special search strategies to handle exponential search problems. Scalability may also require the implementation of novel data structures to access individual records in an efficient manner. For instance, out-of-core algorithms may be necessary when processing data sets that cannot fit into main memory. Scalability can also be improved by using sampling or developing parallel and distributed algorithms. A general overview of techniques for scaling up data mining algorithms is given in Appendix F.
High Dimensionality
It is now common to encounter data sets with hundreds or thousands of attributes instead of the handful common a few decades ago. In bioinformatics, progress in microarray technology has produced gene expression data involving thousands of features. Data sets with temporal or spatial components also tend to have high dimensionality. For example,
consider a data set that contains measurements of temperature at various locations. If the temperature measurements are taken repeatedly for an extended period, the number of dimensions (features) increases in proportion to the number of measurements taken. Traditional data analysis techniques that were developed for low-dimensional data often do not work well for such high-dimensional data due to issues such as curse of dimensionality (to be discussed in Chapter 2 ). Also, for some data analysis algorithms, the computational complexity increases rapidly as the dimensionality (the number of features) increases.
Heterogeneous and Complex Data
Traditional data analysis methods often deal with data sets containing attributes of the same type, either continuous or categorical. As the role of data mining in business, science, medicine, and other fields has grown, so has the need for techniques that can handle heterogeneous attributes. Recent years have also seen the emergence of more complex data objects. Examples of such non-traditional types of data include web and social media data containing text, hyperlinks, images, audio, and videos; DNA data with sequential and three-dimensional structure; and climate data that consists of measurements (temperature, pressure, etc.) at various times and locations on the Earth’s surface. Techniques developed for mining such complex objects should take into consideration relationships in the data, such as temporal and spatial autocorrelation, graph connectivity, and parent-child relationships between the elements in semi-structured text and XML documents.
Data Ownership and Distribution
Sometimes, the data needed for an analysis is not stored in one location or owned by one organization. Instead, the data is geographically distributed among resources belonging to multiple entities. This requires the development
of distributed data mining techniques. The key challenges faced by distributed data mining algorithms include the following: (1) how to reduce the amount of communication needed to perform the distributed computation, (2) how to effectively consolidate the data mining results obtained from multiple sources, and (3) how to address data security and privacy issues.
Non-traditional Analysis
The traditional statistical approach is based on a hypothesize-and-test paradigm. In other words, a hypothesis is proposed, an experiment is designed to gather the data, and then the data is analyzed with respect to the hypothesis. Unfortunately, this process is extremely labor-intensive. Current data analysis tasks often require the generation and evaluation of thousands of hypotheses, and consequently, the development of some data mining techniques has been motivated by the desire to automate the process of hypothesis generation and evaluation. Furthermore, the data sets analyzed in data mining are typically not the result of a carefully designed experiment and often represent opportunistic samples of the data, rather than random samples.
Collepals.com Plagiarism Free Papers
Are you looking for custom essay writing service or even dissertation writing services? Just request for our write my paper service, and we'll match you with the best essay writer in your subject! With an exceptional team of professional academic experts in a wide range of subjects, we can guarantee you an unrivaled quality of custom-written papers.
Why Hire Collepals.com writers to do your paper?
Quality- We are experienced and have access to ample research materials.
We write plagiarism Free Content
Confidential- We never share or sell your personal information to third parties.
Support-Chat with us today! We are always waiting to answer all your questions.