The Literature Review: Final Assignment will be written

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Literature Review: Final Assignment Instructions

Overview

What Is a Literature Review?

A literature review is a survey and a discussion of the literature in a given area of study. It is a concise overview of what has been studied, argued, and established about a topic; it is generally organized chronologically or thematically. A literature review is also written in essay format.

A literature review is not an annotated bibliography because it groups related works together and discusses trends and developments rather than focusing on one item at a time. It is also not a summary; rather, a literature review evaluates previous and current research in regards to how relevant and/or useful it is and how it relates to your own research. Therefore, a literature review is more than an annotated bibliography or a summary because you are organizing and presenting your sources in terms of their overall relationship to your problem statement.

A literature review is written to highlight specific arguments and ideas in a field of study. By highlighting these arguments, the writer attempts to show what has been studied in the field and also where there are weaknesses, gaps, or areas needing further study. The literature review must also demonstrate to the reader why the writer’s research is useful, necessary, important, and valid.

Literature reviews can have different types of audiences, so consider why and for whom you are writing your review. For example, many literature reviews are written as a chapter for a thesis or dissertation in order to support a proposal or are written in order to help the writer develop a base of knowledge in a particular business area.

Asking the following questions will assist you in sifting through your sources and organizing your literature review. Remember, your Literature Review: Final Assignment organizes the previous research in light of what you are planning to do in your own project.

· What's been done in this topic area to date? What are the significant discoveries, key concepts, arguments, and/or theories that scholars have put forward? Which are the important works?

· On which particular areas of the topic has previous research concentrated? Have there been developments over time? What methodologies have been used?

· Are there any gaps in the research? Are there areas that have not been looked at closely yet but should be? Are there new ways of looking at the topic?

· Are there improved methodologies for researching this subject?

· What future directions should research in this subject take?

· How will your research build on or depart from current and previous research on the topic? What contribution will your research make to the field?

How Do I Organize and Structure the Literature Review?

There are several ways to organize and structure a literature review. Two common ways are chronologically and thematically. You will be using the thematic structure in this review. In a thematic review, you will group and discuss your sources in terms of the themes or topics they cover. This method is often a stronger one organizationally, and it can also assist you in resisting the urge to summarize your sources. By grouping themes or topics of research together, you will be able to demonstrate the types of topics that are important to your research. For example, if the topic of the literature review is improving productivity in organizations, then there might be separate sections of research involving service-oriented businesses, production-oriented businesses, non-profit organizations, governmental organizations, etc. Within each section of a thematic literature review, it is important to discuss how the research relates to other studies (how is it similar or different, what other studies have been done, etc.) as well as to demonstrate how it relates to your own work. This is what the review is for; do not leave this connection out!

What is the Process?

During the first module, you will choose a topic to research from the list provided by the instructor. After the topic has been chosen/provided, you will begin your project. Listed below is a recommended outline of steps that will assist you in writing a thematically organized literature review.

1. Annotated bibliography: Write a brief critical synopsis of each as you read articles, books, etc. on your topic. After going through your reading list, you will have an abstract or annotation of each source you read. Later annotations are likely to include more references to other works since you will have your previous readings to compare, but, at this point, the important goal is to get accurate critical summaries of each individual work.

2. Thematic organization: Write some brief paragraphs outlining your categories that state how, in general, the works in each category relate to each other, how the categories relate to each other, and how the categories relate to your overall theme. Find common themes in the works you read and organize the works into categories. Typically, each work you include in your review can fit into 1 category or sub-theme of your main theme; occasionally, a work can fit in more than 1 category (if each work you read can fit into all the categories you list, you probably need to rethink your organization).

3. More reading: Due to the knowledge that you have gained in your readings, you now have a better understanding of your topic and of the literature related to it. Perhaps you have discovered specific researchers who are important to the field or research methodologies you were not aware of. Look for more literature by those authors, on those methodologies, etc. You may also be able to set aside some less relevant areas or articles that you pursued initially. Integrate the new readings into your Literature Review draft. Reorganize your themes and read more as appropriate.

4. Write individual sections: For each thematic section, use your draft annotations (it is recommended to reread the articles and revise annotations, especially those you read first) to write a section that discusses the articles relevant to that theme. Rather than focusing your writing on each individual article, focus your writing on the theme of that section and show how the articles relate to each other and to the theme. Use the articles as evidence to support your critique of the theme rather than using the theme as an angle to discuss each article individually.

5. Integrate sections: Now that you have the thematic sections, tie them together with an introduction, conclusion, and some additions/ revisions in the individual sections in order to demonstrate how they relate to each other and to your overall theme.

What Additional Points Must I Consider?

The following are some points to address when writing about specific works you are reviewing. In dealing with a paper/argument/theory, you need to assess it (clearly understand and state the claim) and analyze it (evaluate its reliability, usefulness, and validity). Look for the following points as you assess and analyze the readings. You do not need to state them all explicitly, but keep them in mind as you write your review:

· Be specific and be succinct. Briefly state specific findings listed in an article, specific methodologies used in a study, or other important points. Literature reviews are not the place for long quotes or an in-depth analysis of each point.

· Be selective. You are attempting to reduce a lot of information into a small space. Mention just the most important points (those most relevant to the review's focus) in each work you review.

· Is it a current article? How old is it? Have its claims, evidence, or arguments been superseded by more recent work? If it is not current, is it important for historical background?

· What specific claims are made? Are they stated clearly?

· What support is given for those claims?

· What evidence and what type (experimental, statistical, anecdotal, etc.) are offered? Is the evidence relevant? Sufficient?

· What arguments are given? What assumptions are made and are they warranted?

· A word of caution: It is absolutely essential that you understand your article. If you do not understand the article, do not use it. Also, do not depend on the abstract or the conclusion for a full understanding of what the article says; you can often be misled.

How Do I Find the Literature?

Just as there are many avenues for the literature to be published and disseminated, there are many avenues for searching for and finding the literature. There are, for example, a variety of general and subject-specific indexes that list citations to publications (books, articles, conference proceedings, dissertations, etc.). The Liberty University Online Student Library Services website has links to the library catalog as well as many indexes and databases in which to search for resources; it also provides you with subject guides that list resources appropriate for specific academic disciplines. When you find appropriate books, articles, etc., look in its bibliographies for other publications and also for other authors writing about the same topics. For research assistance tailored to your topic, please email the Liberty University Online Librarian.

Tips on Identifying and Organizing Your Findings

There is no way to predict what themes you will find. The themes could include definitions, topics, theories, agreements, and even disagreements in the literature. Design a descriptive code word or a few phrases to define each theme (some people even use different colored highlighters to assist them in organization). With 15 articles and 16 pages of content, you will likely have anywhere between 4–6 major themes for your Literature Review: Final. However, it is highly unlikely that each of the 15 articles that you read will contain all the themes that you have identified. Below is an example of 10 hypothetical articles with 4 hypothetical themes.

Article	Theme
1	A
2	A, B
3	D
4	B
5	A, D
6	A, C
7	B, C
8	A, B, C
9	A, B, C, D
10	B, C

The chart is not very helpful except as a prelude to further organization. Your Literature Review must be written thematically, not chronologically. You will not be reviewing one article after another in your Literature Review; rather, you will be investigating the themes contained in those articles. Therefore, the organization of your articles will look similar to the following example:

Theme	Articles Cited
A	1, 2, 5, 8, 9
B	2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10
C	6, 7, 8, 9, 10
D	3, 5, 9

You may be pondering as to which theme will go first. Ultimately, the order of the themes is your decision, but keep the thematic organization logical. The themes provide the subheadings for the content of your Literature Review: Final Assignment; therefore, this is an efficient way to organize and write your paper.

Instructions

What is the Final Format?

As previously stated, the Literature Review: Final Assignment will be written in current APA format, must be a minimum of 16 pages (not including the title page, abstract, and references), and must utilize at least 15 scholarly references. The final format must include the following:

· Title page;

· Abstract;

· Outline;

· Introduction (no longer than 1 page);

· Findings (a minimum of 13 pages);

· Conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions for further study (a minimum of 2 pages); and

· References that are current (less than 3 years) or important for historical background.

Please review the Literature Review: Final Grading Rubric before submission.

View the Literature Review: Final Resources section under the Literature Review: Final page.

Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool.

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Organizational Behavior Literature Review 2

Organizational Behavior Literature Review 2

Roles in the Workplace

According to Preskar's research from 2020, an organization's structure should be designed to allow workers to take responsibility for their job without requiring constant micromanagement. It is necessary to have unambiguous definitions of roles and duties to categorize professionals according to their level of experience and expertise, and finally by the degree to which they are needed against the number of people who possess the necessary skills. "people spend a substantial amount of time working and building connections" in organizations, making organizations an essential group (p. 1057). The company's overall productivity and sense of unity are significantly influenced by the organizational structure it now employs. "Organizations must develop a positive relational environment in the workplace to enable workers to enhance their resources to face ongoing changes in work to promote their well-being. It is essential that the various levels of management in an organization share responsibility for its duties in an equitable manner. The writers discussed above investigated several different approaches to organizational design by identifying roles and areas inside the organization.

Consequently, Preskar's method was less complicated and got directly to the point, using concepts and reasoning based on organizational design. Tasselli et al. describe a workplace in their book that has workers spending a significant amount of time working together and getting to know one another. Since incivility in the workplace is not always evident, there is a chance that a person would experience a loss of their sense of self-worth if they are subjected to it (2018). In their view, the pursuit of a single objective by a group of people who come from various backgrounds and have had a variety of experiences might have potentially detrimental repercussions. It has a domino effect on an organization's culture when individuals abuse the authority to harass or criticize their colleagues.

References

Preskar, M., & Žižek, S. Š. (2020). The effect of organizational culture on organizational energy. In Recent Advances in the Roles of Cultural and Personal Values in Organizational Behavior (pp. 36-54). IGI Global.

Tasselli, S., Kilduff, M., & Landis, B. (2018). Personality change: Implications for organizational behavior. Academy of Management Annals, 12(2), 467-493.

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Organizational Behavior

Abstract

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the research that has already been conducted on organizational behavior, leadership, and motivation. The organization's executive leadership will be analyzed about the corporate leadership, as well as any potential problems that may appear. Because the assessment would be carried out from the perspective of senior management inside the organization, gathering the requisite source material for this study requires significant physical observation and access to crucial data. The collected information will be reviewed with the help of a variety of organizational behavioral theories to conclude and, if required, to provide some suggestions.

Introduction

According to Tasselli (2018), organizations are human-created entities in which people interact and interdepend to achieve a shared purpose within a framework. An organization's aims may or may not be shared by every organization member. For an accurate assessment of organizational behavior, a systems perspective, and a knowledge of people-organization relationships in terms of the entire individual, group, organization, and social system are necessary (OB). Organizational behavior encompasses topics such as human behavior, leadership, and collaboration. Through the development of stronger interpersonal relationships, OB seeks to help people, organizations, and society accomplish their goals. To successfully analyze, influence, control, and manage organizational dynamics and results, one must thoroughly understand organizational behavior (OB).

A Systems Approach to Organizational Behavior

Interdisciplinary systems theory seeks to understand the nature of complex systems. Based on the necessity to comprehend the interdependence of species in ecosystems, biology devised a useful framework for investigating and defining any connection, network, or combination of factors that interact together to generate the desired result in the 1920s (Preskar,2020). The open systems approach, which has been widely praised for decades, is an excellent way to research organizational complexity. In systems theory, it is critical to remember that the sum of the parts surpasses the whole (Gagné, 2018).

Organizations as Open Systems

The inputs and outputs of an organization are interconnected systems. Organizational systems thinking emphasizes organizations' interconnectedness and interaction nature (Tasselli, 2018). Although corporate systems are complex, this does not mean that all activities take place inside the organization's boundaries. As he points out, the idea that these systems are self-sufficient and independent of their users is dangerous.

An open systems OB model is based on the idea that organizations acquire inputs from the outside world, updated and returned in exchange for new intakes. Firms must meet environmental standards on both the information and output sides (Latham, 2019). Customers, suppliers, shareholders, governments, and any other entities interested in the company are considered part of the firm's external environment.

Elements of an Open System Organization

External pressures may impact and change an organization's structure and functioning. A system is a collection of interconnected subsystems that work together to achieve a common goal. Organizations are ITO (input-transformation-output) systems because they employ resources to generate products and services; organizations are ITO (input-transformation-output) systems. These are the components of an open system organization: The external environment of an organization comprises the surrounding situations and events. A company cannot fulfill its goals unless it addresses an external force or entity.

Conclusions, Suggestions and Recommendations

Li (2019) says that organizations that fail because they can't adapt to change. This study looks at strategic organizational behavior (OB) factors that may affect the long-term success of organizations that care about World Heritage properties. Organizations must be aware of change while it is still possible to act on it if they want to be successful and last. Companies could lose money if they don't realize that successfully putting an organization's strategy into action depends on careful planning and strict OBM principles. Historic organizations will have long-term success and sustainable growth if their managers are committed to achieving their goals within the OBM framework.

Latham (2019) feels that the field of Organizational Behavior (OB) is disinterested in theory building and prefers to accept or adopt a range of theoretical approaches. Organizational Behavior is defined by pragmatism and a focus on application. Therefore, it stands to reason that this is the case. Another issue concerns the study's conclusions' application and trustworthiness in the real world (Li, 2019). Martin believes that cosmic generalizations should not be based on the findings of a single, inconsequential sample. There must be an accurate examination of the situation, understanding that there may be a large amount of new material to investigate. Even if Martin is faithful in principle, his disdain for most of the research performed in this manner diminishes the value and impact of any study that exposes even a critical facet of the issue under investigation.

Furthermore, Latham (2019) observes that OB research often examines publications, ideas, and case studies from the viewpoint of Western developed nations. Contributions from developing nations, as well as those authored in languages other than English, are underrepresented. Therefore, the issue is approached from a restricted viewpoint. National cultural norms influence workplace behavior, which must be considered. However, it should be noted that many South African institutions are somewhat westernized. As emphasized in the evaluation of Best Practices in World Heritage sites, examples from African nations are limited, perhaps owing to poor management or inaccurate record-keeping.

References

Gagné, M. (2018). From strategy to action: transforming organizational goals into organizational behavior. International Journal of Management Reviews, 20, S83-S104.

Latham, G. P. (2019). Perspectives of a practitioner-scientist on organizational psychology/organizational behavior. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 6, 1-16.

Li, Y., Lu, Y., Cui, Q., & Han, Y. (2019). Organizational behavior in megaprojects: Integrative review and directions for future research. Journal of management in engineering, 35(4), 04019009.

Preskar, M., & Žižek, S. Š. (2020). The effect of organizational culture on organizational energy. In Recent Advances in the Roles of Cultural and Personal Values in Organizational Behavior (pp. 36-54). IGI Global.

Tasselli, S., Kilduff, M., & Landis, B. (2018). Personality change: Implications for organizational behavior. Academy of Management Annals, 12(2), 467-493.

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Annotated Bibliography

Bindl, U. K., Parker, S. K., Sonnentag, S., & Stride, C. B. (2022). Managing your feelings at work, for a reason: The role of individual motives in affecting regulation for performance‐related outcomes at work. Journal of Organizational Behavior. DOI:10.1002/job.2628

The research question in this article is how employees manage and control their feelings at work and how that affects their performance and organizational behavior. Controlling emotions and feelings is a big part of organizational behavior. This article developed a framework to assess the impact on the performance and goal achievement of employees in organizations. This article indicates the role of emotional intelligence in employees and will be utilized to explain my topic of organizational behavior.

Cooper, S. C. L., Stokes, P., Liu, Y., &Tarba, S. Y. (2017). Sustainability and organizational behavior: A micro‐foundational perspective. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(9), 1297-1301. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2242

This article discusses the idea of combining the concepts of sustainability, micro-foundational literature, and organizational behavior to achieve the goals of progression in the world of business. The mechanism involved in this study will help understand the antecedent actions that must be taken for the development in the domain of organizational beha

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