Regardless of our personal preferences, we all require some amount of social contact. However, the level of social contact and type of relationshi
Regardless of our personal preferences, we all require some amount of social contact. However, the level of social contact and type of relationship we share with others vary significantly. Social psychologists tend to focus on the qualities and characteristics that make up long-lasting relationships. One of the most challenging characteristics in a close relationship is love.
- Describe the four factors that result in an individual being attracted to another? Explain which of the four factors are the most significant and which of them is the least significant in initiating friendship and attraction.
- Explain the definition and concept of passionate and companionate love and compare and contrast both types of love. In your opinion, is there more than just passionate and companionate love?
Justify your answers with appropriate reasoning and research from your text and course readings. Comment on the postings of at least two peers and provide an analysis of each peer’s postings while also suggesting specific additions or clarifications for improving the discussion question response.
To support your work, make sure to utilize your course and text readings. When asked, utilize outside sources. As in all assignments make sure to cite your sources in your work and provide a reference for that citation utilizing APA format.
Submission Details:
- Post your response to the Discussion Area by the due date assigned. Respond to at least two posts by the end of the week.
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Amanda Simpson posted May 3, 2022 4:40 AM
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Regardless of our personal preferences, we all require some amount of social contact. However, the level of social contact and type of relationship we share with others vary significantly. Social psychologists tend to focus on the qualities and characteristics that make up long-lasting relationships. One of the most challenging characteristics in a close relationship is love.
• Describe the four factors that result in an individual being attracted to another? Explain which of the four factors are the most significant and which of them is the least significant in initiating friendship and attraction.
Several factors about a person influence on whom we attract to. Four of the main factors are proximity, mere exposure, similarity, and physical attractiveness.
1. Proximity- a powerful predictor in if two people are friends is proximity. Geographic closeness prompts liking. Proximity causes liking because of availability, obviously there are fewer opportunities to get to know someone who lives across the world. Proximity allows people to discover commonalities and exchange rewards. However just the anticipation of the interaction can boost attraction. Proximity leads to liking not only because it allows interaction and anticipatory liking but there are over two hundred studies that reveal familiarity fosters fondness of others, not breed contempt, (Myers, D. 2018).
2. Mere Exposure- meaning being around or seeing someone repeatedly will make you like it more. Mere exposure has enormous adaptive significance. It is a hard-wired phenomenon that predisposes our attractions and attachments. Another factor that plays a significant role is functional distance- how often two people cross paths. We tend to make friends with those that use the same entrances, parking lots, or recreation areas. Interaction allows people to explore similarities, sense the others liking, learn more about the other person, and perceive themselves as part of a social unit, (Meyers, 2018).
3. Similarities- People also tend to pick partners who are like themselves in characteristics such as age, race, religion, social class, personality, education, intelligence, and attitude. This similarity is seen not only between romantic partners but also between friends. Some researchers have suggested that similarity causes attraction. Others acknowledge that people may be more likely to have friends and partners who are like themselves simply because of accessibility: people are more likely to associate with people who are like themselves, (Meyers, 2018).
4. Physical Attractiveness- Research shows that romantic attraction mainly decided by physical attractiveness. In the first stages of dating, people are more attracted to partners whom they consider to be physically attractive. Men are more likely to value physical attractiveness than are women. People’s feeling of their own physical attractiveness also plays a role in romantic love. People tend to pick partners who are about equal in level of attractiveness to themselves (Meyers, 2018).
According to Pressbooks, module 12:1-5 the Results showed that the biggest predictor of attraction for both males and females was the physical attractiveness of their partner. Reciprocity showed some influence, though similarity produced no evidence.
• Explain the definition and concept of passionate and companionate love and compare and contrast both types of love. In your opinion, is there more than just passionate and companionate love?
Passionate love is emotional, exciting, intense, (Meyers, 2018). If we experience passionate love, we express it physically, we expect the relationship to be exclusive, and we are intensely fascinated with our partner. Unlike the wild emotions of passionate love, companionate love is lower key; it’s a deep, affectionate attachment. It activates various parts of the brain. And it is just as real. Like other types of emotional excitement, passionate love involves a roller coaster of excitement and gloom, tingling joy, and disheartened misery. Unlike Passionate love Compassionate Love is when a close relationship is to undergo, it will settle to a sturdier but still warm serenity. Passionate love concerns the lover with thoughts of the other, involving the same incentive pathways in the brain as addictions to substances such as drugs or alcohol. Unlike Passionate Love compassionate love has the passion-facilitating hormones (testosterone, dopamine, adrenaline) subside, while the hormone oxytocin supports feelings of connection and trust. Passionate love is what you feel when you love someone and are also “in love” with your partner. The love we feel for those with whom our lives deeply interwoven is compassionate Love. Unlike the wild emotions of passionate love, companionate love is lower key; it’s a deep, affectionate attachment. It activates various parts of the brain. And it is just as real.
In my opinion…..There are more than just compassionate love and passionate love. To list a few you have puppy love, lust love, momentary love, and more. Puppy Love is when teenagers or young adults first begin to fall in love with one another. It feels great but subsides quickly. Lust love is when two people’s chemistry is so intense the two believe it’s real love, this tends to wear off very quickly as well. Momentary love is when one or both partners have the inability to stay in love with one person for exceedingly prolonged periods of time. Sometimes the love they feel last month’s even years but eventually the new fades and they want something else.
Myers, D. (2018). Social Psychology (13th Edition). McGraw-Hill Higher Education (US). https://digitalbookshelf.southuniversity.edu/books/9781260140569
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Sonia Zambiasi-Vines posted May 3, 2022 4:29 PM
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The four factors that result in an individual being attracted to another are:
1. Proximity – being close to one another can spur on liking one another. Where we interact can lead to relationships, such as at a sporting events, or church.
2. Physical attractiveness – this can play a role in how popular one is (Myers & Twenge, 2018, p. 321). When it comes to initiating attraction and friendship, this could be considered the most significant factor. Recent studies have shown that both males and females rate this factor as most important (Myers & Twenge, 2018, p. 322).
3. Similarity/Complementarity – we may like people more if they share the same tastes, values, and beliefs that we do. Also, we may be attracted to people who look like we do, or behave in a similar way.
4. Mutual liking – we tend to like people who like us; when we discover that someone likes us, it can prompt us to like them more. Whilst this is a factor, it is probably the least significant when it comes to initiating friendship and attraction.
There exists both passionate love, and companionate love. Passionate love is often depicted in movies and stories – it is that romantic love that makes a person feel happy, excited and it has an intensity to it. It is the feeling we get when we are in love with someone. Companionate love is the kind of love we feel once we have settled into a relationship – it is settled, steady but still very deep love, which can last forever. Passionate love and companionate love are different in that companionate love can be strong throughout a couple’s lifetime (Myers & Twenge, 2018). They are the same in that the still both provide feelings of happiness, and affection. In my opinion, there are other types of love beyond passionate and companionate. These include the type of love that a parent feels for a child; and the one a child feels for a parent. Also, there is the love we feel for our siblings and family members. And pets! In addition, we can feel love for our country.
References:
Myers, D., & Twenge, J. (2018). Social psychology (13th ed.). McGraw-Hill . ISBN: 9781259911040.
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Helping Others.html
Helping Others
Does altruism exist? Myers (2008) defines altruism as "motive to increase another's welfare without conscious regard for one's self-interest" (p. 429).
If you base your response from a behavioral perspective, then, based on Myers' definition, altruism cannot exist. From a behavioral perspective, behavior is either promoted or diminished depending on the consequences. So, if you walk next door to help shovel the snow off your neighbor's driveway without concern about receiving compensation, it is not really altruism. You will still receive some sort of reward either internally (self-satisfaction) or externally (smile or a thank you from your neighbor).
Question: "What is the threshold of something being inconsequential as a reward so it can appear to be altruistic?" From a behavioral perspective, if the consequence of an action (such as a smile or a thank you from your neighbor) improves your chances of repeating the behavior, the consequence is reinforcing.
On an individual note (leaving behavioral terms out of the equation), altruism and helping others are based on your cultural norms and belief systems. There is a reason why helping others and being altruistic are equated with the Good Samaritan. The story of the Good Samaritan is a faith-based explanation of how you should help others. Helping others when they are in need is also something that seems to be prevalent across cultures.
Why does a screaming or crying baby grab your attention? It would be logical to assume you are, in some ways, neurologically wired to attend to the cries of others, especially children and babies. However, there are instances when even after being aware of the cries you might choose not to respond. One reason for this may be that you fear the potential harm caused to you more than the welfare of the other individual.
Myers, D. (2008). Social psychology (9th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
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Attraction, Friendship, and Love.html
Attraction, Friendship, and Love
As human beings (like many other mammals), you have various biological drives to maintain life such as hunger and thirst. You also have the drive to continue your species. Look at these drives as the foundation upon which your social interactions are built. It will help to understand the concept of attraction, friendship, and love. Although the traditions associated with attraction, friendship, and love may differ across various cultures, they are still the basic underlying drives. Your need to thrive begins at birth with instinctual reflexes such as rooting. Newborns across species seek the familiarity of the mother to survive. As the baby develops and grows, this drive evolves into a need to feel secure and to be nurtured.
Harlow (1958) found that babies not provided with a basic level of nurturing do not thrive as well as babies who have been cared for by their parents. It is not difficult to link the nurturing and security needs of children to your needs as adults for things like companionship. Humans are social animals who need interaction and companionship with others to survive. However, you can also infer this need for social interaction to be, in part, based on biological substrates as well as the type of imprinting received as newborns.
You seek relationships at different levels depending on your social needs and interests. For example, an individual may participate in the local church choir and develop attachment with the situation. The same individual may also play cards with a group of old college buddies. Card playing is secondary to the camaraderie and an easy way of reminiscing about old times and past friends. All relationships begin with the unknown and, as such, there is a period of uneasiness and reluctance to give to that relationship.
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Understanding Relationships.html
Understanding Relationships
View the PDF transcript for Social Boundaries
How Close Relationships Develop
We discussed stages of the Tuckman model for group development in Week 6. The processes by which group relationships develop, as discussed in Tuckman model, are similar to the way individuals form one-to-one relationships. A relationship frequently begins with individuals being in the right place at the right time (meeting at a social function or working together). In such situations, you may share information that touches the surface of your thoughts and feelings or also known as a "small talk." Later, frequent meetings and interactions between individuals strengthen their relationship.
There are no real timelines for relationships to develop. Each stage indicates a demarcation from one set of common factors to the next. In some instances, a relationship may never get past the forming stage; in other instances, it may move quickly to reach the performing stage. The level of relationship shared between individuals depends on how much work the individuals put into it.
In the storming stage of relationship development, individuals tend to put their "guard down;" they begin to exhibit behaviors normally done only in private and not in public. They may also voice opinions or attitudes shared only with close relationships.
At this stage, individuals involved in a relationship question whether they are ready to adapt to each other's attitudes, needs, or wants. These individuals may not want to change their behaviors or attitudes. If the relationship makes it to the next stage, both individuals may choose to adapt to keep the relationship going, but they still view each other as being "you and me" rather than "us." Like the performing stage of group development, there is a point where companionship is the center piece; each individual involved is now part of a whole.
Additional Materials
View the PDF transcript for When Relationships End
media/week7/SU_PSY3010_W7_L2_S2_G1.pdf
Page 1 of 1 PSY3010_Social Psychology
© 2009 South University
Social Boundaries Your society can be divided into various strata depending on the type of relationship you have with others. These strata can also be categorized according to the level of physical contact with others such as handshakes, hugs, and exchanges of physical intimacy. The various strata are as follows:
• Intimate Circle: This is the most personal circle open to individuals with whom you share not only your most personal secrets but also share an intense level of love and care. This can only be a one-to-one relationship.
• Family Circle: This circle includes your immediate family members, such as father, mother, brothers, and sisters, and individuals with whom you share a close personal relationship. This circle can also include your family doctor, psychologist, and social workers because of the amount of personal information you share with them.
• Friendship Circle: This circle includes individuals with whom you share like interests and activities. You have a concern for the relationship and strive to keep the relationship going. This circle does not include intimate relationships.
• Casual Circle: This circle includes individuals you work with, your classmates, or whom you have met more than once. At this level, you have conversations that are mutually interesting but avoid sharing intimate or personal information.
• Strangers’ Circle: This circle includes individuals you either are not acquainted with or have met for the first time such as salespersons or waiters at restaurants. At this level, people do not share personal information or confide secrets.
media/week7/SUO_PSY3010 When Relationships End.pdf
When Relationships End
PSY3010 Social Psychology
©2016 South University
2 When Relationships End
Understanding Relationships
When Relationships End
Using the Tuckman model analogy for individual relationships, you can surmise that the level of distress individuals may experience at the end of a relationship depends on the developmental stage the relationship is in. If a relationship never got past the forming stage, it would be easy to assume those involved would not experience an intense sense of loss or find it difficult to end the relationship.
The storming stage shouldn't be construed as relationship volatility. Even intimate and strong relationships are sometimes intertwined with much arguing and heated disagreements. The storming stage is more of an attempt to adapt to each other's differences. A relationship coming to an end at this stage is mainly due to the inability of those involved to adapt to each other's attitudes, needs, or wants.
Relationships are not constant; changes occur. In case of significant changes occurring within a relationship, it may revert to the storming stage. Some of the main factors causing this change to occur include economic changes (job loss or change), health status (chronic illness), or competing relationships (infidelity). If the change is stronger than the strength of the relationship, the relationship may end.
What happens when your relationship does not work out? Regardless of the type of relationship, there will still be a sense of loss. Some of the main factors influencing the intensity of sense of loss (grief) at the end of the relationship are the type of relationship shared, how long the relationship existed, and how long it took to end the relationship. For example, two people who meet at the annual company picnic, have a one-night intimate encounter and a couple of follow-up dates over the next few weeks will probably experience much less grief than a couple married for 23 years who divorced because of infidelity.
© 2016 South University
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