Create and analyze a 1-2 page case study of an infant or toddler with developmental challenges, who shows evidence of factors that affect developme

Create and analyze a 1-2 page simulated case study of an infant or toddler with developmental challenges, who shows evidence of factors that affect development. Then create a 5-7 page intervention plan based on evidence-based strategies that have proven effective in similar cases, and make projections for possible long-term impacts of the child's current challenges.

Introduction

Note: The assessments in this course follow the successive stages of lifespan development, so you are strongly encouraged to complete them in sequence.

Beginning as early as conception, both heredity and environmental influences can affect the development of an individual. As you engage in this assessment, keep in mind that small influences can have a significant impact on a developing fetus. Hereditary diseases, genetics, teratogens, nutrition, and stress are all factors that can influence prenatal development, which in turn, can have effects across the lifespan.

Once a child is born, the external environment begins to influence development in a huge way. Attachment is one aspect that has been given much attention as having emotional influence during this time. There are direct implications that attachment and temperament can have on the ability to successfully develop and maintain peer relationships into adulthood.

Psychologists in each area specialization should be prepared to employ evidence-based interventions to address challenges posed by the effects of early developmental concerns. As you review the literature and complete the learning assessment, consider the potential implications of early development for your professional direction. How might you apply your knowledge directly or indirectly to your areas of a professional interest? While early development may seem remote to your professional specialization, consider that the implications may be both direct and indirect. For instance, if you work in education, you will need to take into account how the permanent influences of early development can affect how a person learns. More indirectly, imagine you are an industrial psychologist working in the field. A female employee returns to work after maternity leave. She is withdrawn and appears tired. When she is referred for a consultation, you discover that the employee had contracted rubella during the first trimester of pregnancy, which caused her infant to be born with a heart defect. Would you be better able to support the employee if you were knowledgeable about the risk factors during pregnancy and environmental agents that could harm a fetus?

Part 1: Create the Case

Create a simulated case study, relevant to your area of specialization, of an infant or toddler (birth to 24 months of age) who presents developmental challenges related to factors described by Bowlby's attachment theory. Review the following  Case Study Example [DOCX]  to better understand the requirements.

Your case study should be 1–2 pages in length and it should describe:

· The infant or toddler and their strengths and challenges.

· The medical, family, and social context.

· The developmental challenges that were evident in the behavior of the infant or toddler.

· Evidence in the case that supports a specific attachment style.

· Contextual factors that could affect the infant's or toddler's development in the area you selected for consideration.

· Individual and cultural factors that theory and/or research indicate could impact the infant's or toddler's development.

· Any other factors you deem appropriate based on your understanding of the theory and related research.

To develop this case, you should:

· Explore theory and research based on Bowlby’s attachment theory and related to the area of development you selected as the focus of the case.

· Identify attachment styles in general and analyze a specific attachment style for the case you are developing.

· Locate and read current research on prenatal and infant development to describe potential outcomes linked to development in infancy or toddlerhood, including important considerations in the case you are developing.

Follow APA guidelines for style and formatting, as well as for citing your resources. Include a reference list of the scholarly resources you consulted.

Part 2: Early Development Case Intervention Analysis

Research

Complete the following:

· Research evidence-based interventions that have been effective in meeting the challenges of the infant or toddler you described in your case study, from the perspective of your own professional specialization (as far as possible). 

. Explain how the deficits in developmental domains or environmental contexts impacted functioning.

. State the recommended interventions that align with your specialization.

. Include evidence for those outcomes from the professional literature.

· Explore briefly the literature on adult attachment issues, considering that early influences can impact development across the lifespan. 

. Explain, from the perspective of your specialization, how the attachment style of the infant or toddler could be manifested as an adult.

. Explain how this might help in understanding and determining an approach to working with an adult with attachment-related issues.

Structure of the Report

Use the  APA Paper Template [DOCX] and the following format to structure your report:

· Title page. 

. A descriptive title of 5–15 words that concisely communicates the purpose of your report and includes the name of the fictional subject. Be sure to follow Capella's suggested format for title pages on course papers.

· Introduction. 

. An overview of the paper contents, including a brief summary (approximately half a page) of the background information regarding the case study. (The complete 1–2 page case you developed will be included as an appendix.)

· Body of the report. 

. The presenting challenges and primary issues.

. An analysis of how lifespan development theory and research may account for the presenting challenges.

. An assessment of the potential impact of individual and cultural differences on development for the current age and context described in the case study.

. Suggestions of evidence-based intervention strategies that have proven effective in similar cases, supported by citations of research and any applicable theories.

. Projections, based on research and/or theory, of possible long-term impacts that the current challenges may produce across the individual's lifespan.

· Conclusion. 

. A summary of what was introduced in the body of the paper with respect to the case study context, challenges, and interventions.

· Reference page. 

. A minimum of five scholarly sources from current peer-reviewed journals, formatted in APA style. Refer to  Evidence and APA for guidance.

· Appendix. 

. The simulated case study you created in Part 1.

Example Assessment: You may use the  Assessment 1 Example [DOCX]  to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like.

Additional Requirements

Your paper should meet the following requirements:

· Written communication: Write coherently to support central ideas, using appropriate APA format, and with correct grammar, usage, and mechanics.

· Length of paper: 5–7 typed, double-spaced pages, not including the title page, references page, or case study appendix.

· References: At least five scholarly resources (peer-reviewed journals).

· APA format: Follow APA guidelines for style and formatting, as well as for citing your resources in the body of your paper and listed alphabetically on the references page.

· Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.

Note: In graduate-level and professional writing, you should minimize the use of direct quotes. Lengthy quotes do not count toward assessment minimums. It is your interpretation of the material and its application to practice that is assessed.

,

Running head: APA STYLE PAPER TEMPLATE 1

APA STYLE PAPER TEMPLATE 5

[Instructional text in this template is contained in square brackets ([…]). After reading the instructional text, please delete it, and use the document as a template for your own paper. To keep the correct format, edit the running head, cover page, headings, and reference list with your own information, and add your own body text. Save this template in a file for future use and information.

The running head is an abbreviated title of the paper. The running head is located at the top of the pages of a manuscript or published article to identify the article for readers. The running head should be a maximum of 50 characters, counting letters, punctuation, and spaces between words. The words "Running head" are on the cover page but not on the rest of the document. The running head title is all capital letters. Page 1 begins on the cover page. The entire document should be double-spaced, have 1-inch margins on all sides, and use 12-point Times New Roman font.]

Full Title of Paper

Learner's Full Name

School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Capella University

Course ID: Course Title

Faculty Name

Month, Year

Abstract

[An abstract is a brief, comprehensive summary of the contents of a paper. This section is optional, so check assignment requirements. The abstract allows readers to quickly review the key elements of a paper without having to read the entire document. This can be helpful for readers who are searching for specific information and may be reviewing many documents. The abstract may be one of the most important paragraphs in a paper because readers often decide if they will read the document based on information in the abstract. An abstract may not be required in some academic papers; however, it can still be an effective method of gaining the reader's attention. For example, an abstract will not be required for Capella's first course, PSYC3002. The following sentences serve as an example of what could be composed as an abstract for this paper: The basic elements of APA style will be reviewed, including formatting of an APA style paper, in-text citations, and a reference list. Additional information will address the components of an introduction, how to write effective paragraphs using the MEAL plan, and elements of a summary and conclusion section of a paper.]

Full Title of Paper

[In APA style, the heading “Introduction” is not used; instead, the introduction appears under the paper’s full title. An effective introduction often provides an obvious statement of purpose to help the reader know what to expect while helping the writer to focus and stay on task. For example, this paper will address several components necessary to effectively write an academic paper including (a) how to write an introduction, (b) how to write effective paragraphs using the MEAL plan, and (c) how to properly use APA style.

An introduction may consist of four main components including (a) the position statement, thesis, or hypothesis, which describes the author's main position; (b) the purpose, which outlines the objective of the paper; (c) the background, which is general information that is needed to understand the content of the paper; and (d) the approach, which is the process or methodology the author uses to achieve the purpose of the paper. Authors may choose to briefly reference sources that will be identified later on in the paper as in this example (American Psychological Association, 2010a; American Psychological Association, 2010b; Walker, 2008).]

Level One Section Heading is Centered, Bold, Uppercase and Lowercase

[Using section headings can be an effective method of organizing an academic paper. The section headings should not be confused with the running head, which is a different concept described on the cover page of this document. Section headings are not required according to APA style; however, they can significantly improve the quality of a paper. This is accomplished because section headings help both the reader and the author.]

Level Two Section Heading is Flush Left, Bold, Uppercase and Lowercase

[The heading style recommended by APA consists of five levels (American Psychological Association, 2010a, p. 62). This document contains two levels to demonstrate how headings are structured according to APA style. Immediately before the previous paragraph, a Level 1 heading was used. That section heading describes how a Level 1 heading should be written, which is centered, bold, and using uppercase and lowercase letters. For another example, see the section heading "Writing an Effective Introduction" on page 3 of this document. The heading is centered, bold, and uses uppercase and lowercase letters (compared to all uppercase in the running head at the top of each page). If used properly, section headings can significantly contribute to the quality of a paper by helping the reader who wants to understand the information in the document, and the author who desires to effectively describe the information in the document.]

Section Headings Help the Reader

[Section headings serve multiple purposes including (a) helping readers understand what is being addressed in each section, (b) breaking up text to help readers maintain an interest in the paper, and (c) helping readers choose what they want to read. For example, if the reader of this document wants to learn more about writing an effective introduction, the previous section heading clearly states that is where information can be found. When subtopics are needed to explain concepts in greater detail, different levels of headings are used according to APA style.]

Section Headings Help the Author

[Section headings do not only help the reader, but they also help the author organize the document during the writing process. Section headings can be used to arrange topics in a logical order, and they can help an author manage the length of the paper. In addition to an effective introduction and the use of section headings, each paragraph of an academic paper can be written in a manner that helps the reader stay engaged. Capella University promotes the use of the MEAL plan to serve this purpose.]

The MEAL Plan

[The MEAL plan is a model used by Capella University to help learners effectively compose academic discussions and papers. Each component of the MEAL plan is critical to writing an effective paragraph. The acronym MEAL is based on four components of a paragraph (M = Main point, E = Evidence or Example, A = Analysis, and L = Link). The following section includes a detailed description and examples of each component of the MEAL plan.

When writing the content sections of an academic paper (as opposed to the introduction or conclusion sections), the MEAL plan can be an effective model for designing each paragraph. A paragraph begins with a description of the main point, which is represented by the letter "M" of the MEAL plan. For example, the first sentence of this paragraph clearly states the main point is a discussion of the MEAL plan. Once the main point has been made, evidence and examples can be provided.

The second component of a paragraph contains evidence or examples, which is represented by the letter "E" in the MEAL plan. An example of this component of the MEAL plan is actually (and ironically) this sentence, which provides an example of an example. Evidence can be in the form of expert opinions from research. For example, evidence shows that plagiarism can occur even when it is not intended if sources are not properly cited (Marsh, Landau, & Hicks, 1997; Walker, 2008). The previous sentence provides evidence supporting why evidence is used in a paragraph.

Analysis, which is represented by the letter "A" of the MEAL plan, should be based on the author's interpretation of the evidence. An effective analysis might include a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the arguments, as well as the author's interpretations of the evidence and examples. If a quote is used, the author will likely provide an analysis of the quote and the specific point it makes for the author's position. Without an analysis, the reader might not understand why the author discussed the information that the reader just read. For example, the previous sentence was an analysis by the author of why an analysis is performed when writing paragraphs in academic papers.

Even with the first three elements of the MEAL plan, it would not be complete without the final component. The letter "L" of the MEAL plan refers to information that "links" the current and the subsequent paragraphs. The link helps the reader understand what will be discussed in the next paragraph. It summarizes the author's reasoning and shows how the paragraph fits together and leads (that is, links) into the next section of the paper. For example, this sentence might explain that once the MEAL plan has been effectively used when writing the body of an academic paper, the final section is the summary and conclusion section.]

Conclusion

[A summary and conclusion section, which can also be the discussion section of an APA style paper, is the final opportunity for the author to make a lasting impression on the reader. The author can begin by restating opinions or positions and summarizing the most important points that have been presented in the paper. For example, this paper was written to demonstrate to readers how to effectively use APA style when writing academic papers. Various components of an APA style paper that were discussed or displayed in the form of examples include a running head, title page, introduction section, levels of section headings and their use, in-text citations, the MEAL plan, a conclusion, and the reference list.]

References

American Psychological Association. (2010a). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.).

American Psychological Association. (2010b). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx

Marsh, R. L., Landau, J. D., & Hicks, J. L. (1997). Contributions of inadequate source

monitoring to unconscious plagiarism during idea generation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23(4), 886–897. doi: 10.1037/0278- 7393.23.4.886

Walker, A. L. (2008). Preventing unintentional plagiarism: A method for strengthening

paraphrasing skills. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 35(4), 387–395. http://search.proquest.com/docview/213904438?accountid=27965

[Always begin a reference list on a new page. Use a hanging indent after the first line of each reference. The reference list is in alphabetical order by first author’s last name. A reference list only contains sources that are cited in the body of the paper, and all sources cited in the body of the paper must be contained in the reference list.

The reference list above contains an example of how to cite a source when two documents are written in the same year by the same author. The year is also displayed using this method for the corresponding in-text citations as in the next sentence. The author of the first citation (American Psychological Association, 2010a) is also the publisher, therefore, the word "Author" is used in place of the publisher's name.

When a digital object identifier (DOI) is available for a journal article, it should be placed at the end of the citation. If a DOI is not available, a uniform resource locator (URL) should be used. The Marsh, Landau, and Hicks (1997) reference is an example of how to cite a source using a DOI. The Walker (2008) reference is an example of how to cite a source using a URL.]

,

Running head: APA STYLE PAPER TEMPLATE 1

APA STYLE PAPER TEMPLATE 5

[Instructional text in this template is contained in square brackets ([…]). After reading the instructional text, please delete it, and use the document as a template for your own paper. To keep the correct format, edit the running head, cover page, headings, and reference list with your own information, and add your own body text. Save this template in a file for future use and information.

The running head is an abbreviated title of the paper. The running head is located at the top of the pages of a manuscript or published article to identify the article for readers. The running head should be a maximum of 50 characters, counting letters, punctuation, and spaces between words. The words "Running head" are on the cover page but not on the rest of the document. The running head title is all capital letters. Page 1 begins on the cover page. The entire document should be double-spaced, have 1-inch margins on all sides, and use 12-point Times New Roman font.]

Full Title of Paper

Learner's Full Name

School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Capella University

Course ID: Course Title

Faculty Name

Month, Year

Abstract

[An abstract is a brief, comprehensive summary of the contents of a paper. This section is optional, so check assignment requirements. The abstract allows readers to quickly review the key elements of a paper without having to read the entire document. This can be helpful for readers who are searching for specific information and may be reviewing many documents. The abstract may be one of the most important paragraphs in a paper because readers often decide if they will read the document based on information in the abstract. An abstract may not be required in some academic papers; however, it can still be an effective method of gaining the reader's attention. For example, an abstract will not be required for Capella's first course, PSYC3002. The following sentences serve as an example of what could be composed as an abstract for this paper: The basic elements of APA style will be reviewed, including formatting of an APA style paper, in-text citations, and a reference list. Additional information will address the components of an introduction, how to write effective paragraphs using the MEAL plan, and elements of a summary and conclusion section of a paper.]

Full Title of Paper

[In APA style, the heading “Introduction” is not used; instead, the introduction appears under the paper’s full title. An effective introduction often provides an obvious statement of purpose to help the reader know what to expect while helping the writer to focus and stay on task. For example, this paper will address several components necessary to effectively write an academic paper including (a) how to write an introduction, (b) how to write effective paragraphs using the MEAL plan, and (c) how to properly use APA style.

An introduction may consist of four main components including (a) the position statement, thesis, or hypothesis, which describes the author's main position; (b) the purpose, which outlines the objective of the paper; (c) the background, which is general information that is needed to understand the content of the paper; and (d) the approach, which is the process or methodology the author uses to achieve the purpose of the paper. Authors may choose to briefly reference sources that will be identified later on in the paper as in this example (American Psychological Association, 2010a; American Psychological Association, 2010b; Walker, 2008).]

Level One Section Heading is Centered, Bold, Uppercase and Lowercase

[Using section headings can be an effective method of organizing an academic paper. The section headings should not be confused with the running head, which is a different concept described on the cover page of this document. Section headings are not required according to APA style; however, they can significantly improve the quality of a paper. This is accomplished because section headings help both the reader and the author.]

Level Two Section Heading is Flush Left, Bold, Uppercase and Lowercase

[The heading style recommended by APA consists of five levels (American Psychological Association, 2010a, p. 62). This document contains two levels to demonstrate how headings are structured according to APA style. Immediately before the previous paragraph, a Level 1 heading was used. That section heading describes how a Level 1 heading should be written, which is centered, bold, and using uppercase and lowercase letters. For another example, see the section heading "Writing an Effective Introduction" on page 3 of this document. The heading is centered, bold, and uses uppercase and lowercase letters (compared to all uppercase in the running head at the top of each page). If used properly, section headings can significantly contribute to the quality of a paper by helping the reader who wants to understand the information in the document, and the author who desires to effectively describe the information in the document.]

Section Headings Help the Reader

[Section headings serve multiple purposes including (a) helping readers understand what is being addressed in each section, (b) breaking up text to help readers maintain an interest in the paper, and (c) helping readers choose what they want to read. For example, if the reader of this document wants to learn more about writing an effective introduction, the previous section heading clearly states that is where information can be found. When subtopics are needed to explain concepts in greater detail, different levels of headings are used according to APA style.]

Section Headings Help the Author

[Section headings do not only help the reader, but they also help the author organize the document during the writing process. Section headings can be used to arrange topics in a logical order, and they can help an author manage the length of the paper. In addition to an effective introduction and the use of section headings, each paragraph of an academic paper can be written in a manner that helps the reader stay engaged. Capella University promotes the use of the MEAL plan to serve this purpose.]

The MEAL Plan

[The MEAL plan is a model used by Capella University to help learners effectively compose academic discussions and papers. Each component of the MEAL plan is critical to writing an effective paragraph. The acronym MEAL is based on four components of a paragraph (M = Main point, E = Evidence or Example, A = Analysis, and L = Link). The following section includes a detailed description and examples of each component of the MEAL plan.

When writing the content sections of an academic paper (as opposed to the introduction or conclusion sections), the MEAL plan can be an effective model for designing each paragraph. A paragraph begins with a description of the main point, which is represented by the letter "M" of the MEAL plan. For example, the first sentence of this paragraph clearly states the main point is a discussion of the MEAL plan. Once the main point has been made, evidence and examples can be provided.

The second component of a paragraph contains evidence or examples, which is represented by the letter "E" in the MEAL plan. An example of this component of the MEAL plan is actually (and ironically) this sentence, which provides an example of an example. Evidence can be in the form of expert opinions from research. For example, evidence shows that plagiarism can occur even when it is not intended if sources are not properly cited (Marsh, Landau, & Hicks, 1997; Walker, 2008). The previous sentence provides evidence supporting why evidence is used in a paragraph.

Analysis, which is represented by the letter "A" of the MEAL plan, should be based on the author's interpretation of the evidence. An effective analysis might include a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the arguments, as well as the author's interpretations of the evidence and examples. If a quote is used, the author will likely provide an analysis of the quote and the specific point it makes for the author's position. Without an analysis, the reader might not understand why the author discussed the information that the reader just read. For example, the previous sentence was an analysis by the author of why an analysis is performed when writing paragraphs in academic papers.

Even with the first three elements of the MEAL plan, it would not be complete without the final component. The letter "L" of the MEAL plan refers to information that "links" the current and the subsequent paragraphs. The link helps the reader understand what will be discussed in the next paragraph. It summarizes the author's reasoning and shows how the paragraph fits together and leads (that is, links) into the next section of the paper. For example, this sentence might explain that once the MEAL plan has been effectively used when writing the body of an academic paper, the final section is the summary and conclusion section.]

Conclusion

[A summary and conclusion section, which can also be the discussion section of an APA style paper, is the final opportunity for the author to make a lasting impression on the reader. The author can begin by restating opinions or positions and summarizing the most important points that have been presented in the paper. For example, this paper was written to demonstrate to readers how to effectively use APA style when writing academic papers. Various components of an APA style paper that were discussed or displayed in the form of examples include a running head, title page, introduction section, levels of section headings and their use, in-text citations, the MEAL plan, a conclusion, and the reference list.]

References

American Psychological Association. (2010a). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.).

American Psychological Association. (2010b). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx

Marsh, R. L., Landau, J. D., & Hicks, J. L. (1997). Contributions of inadequate source

monitoring

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