Analysis of Frequencies and Ranks

PSS Exercise – Chi-square

You must complete the following exercises before proceeding to the discussion in this unit.

Instructions for SPSS Files

Launch SPSS and locate the stroke_clean.sav data file on your computer.

To perform Chi-square analyses, on the menu select Analysis/Nonparametric Tests/Legacy Dialogs/Chi-square.

Goodness of Fit

Test for goodness of fit on the variable History of Angina:

1. Select Analyze/Nonparametric Tests/Legacy Dialogs/Chi-square.
2. Select Variable History of Angina.
3. Expected values 650, 398, where the expected value is to have 62 percent without a history of angina.
4. Click OK.

Crosstabs – Tests of Independence

Perform crosstabs on the following variables for tests of independence: Smoker, Died in Hospital. Refer to the Crosstabs Example [PDF], listed in Resources.

Using the menu, choose the following, in order:

1. Analyze/Descriptive Statistics/Crosstabs.
2. Rows: Smoker.
3. Columns: Died in Hospital.
4. Statistics/Chi-square, then click Continue.
5. Select Cells Observed, Expected Residuals unstandardized.
6. Click Continue.
7. To complete, click OK.

Reflection

Is dying in the hospital dependent (contingent) on smoking?

Learning Components

This activity will help you achieve the following learning components:

• Practice working in statistical software.
• Practice interpreting statistical data.

Talking About Tests

Over the past few units, you were exposed to different ways to evaluate data:

• From two groups or levels.
• From two or more groups or levels for ordinal and scale data.
• With Chi-square analyses for nominal data.

When first learning statistics, this process can be confusing. One of the best ways to further your understanding on this topic is to discuss it with others.

Instructions for Discussion

Based on your experience in the course thus far, discuss the following:

• Identify each test by name.
• Select one of the tests and describe a real life example that represents a circumstance when it makes sense to run that test.
• If you were asked by a supervisor to discuss results of that test, what would you want to highlight about the test result?

Response Guidelines

These guidelines are slightly different than previous discussions. It will be important to seek out posts whose topic are different from your own.

Please respond to posts that have had few responses thus far. Focus on posts from learners who chose to describe a different test, with the following:

• Engage. Tell them specifically why you chose to respond to their post.
• Seek clarification. Talk about what is unclear. Ask questions. Offer suggestions.
• Add perspective. Include personal examples or work experiences to add perspective to your reply.
• Be a practitioner/scholar. In addition to your personal or work experience, include at least one academic reference in your reply, citing it by using current APA style and format. Refer to the APA Module for tips.

Refer to the Faculty Expectations for Response Guidelines.

Learning Components

This activity will help you achieve the following learning components:

• Learn to identify issues in statistical data.
• Understand how to categorize data.

Hypothesis Testing: Grouped Inferential Statistics

Overview

In this assignment, you will perform hypothesis testing on grouped data related to the SPSS output you used in the Unit 3 assignment. Based on the data in the following scenario, choose and interpret appropriate inferential statistical analysis.

Scenario

The program coordinators need to make a report to the stakeholders and asked you to provide information about the data collected. You evaluated the data for validation, and now you need to run analyses to determine if there are differences in the following:

• Residency program and the year of resident in the program.
• Residency program and gender.
• Residency program and race.
• Resident year and gender.
• Resident year and race.
• Gender and year.
• Did knowledge and confidence change as a result of the training?
• If knowledge and confidence changed, were there differences in the change based on gender?
• Was there a difference in the change in knowledge and confidence based on the residency?

Instructions for the Assignment

Create a 2–3 page report interpreting the results from the above scenario. Use the Data Description document and the Unit 6 SPSS Output report [PDF], listed in Resources.

To successfully complete this assignment, you must be able to demonstrate the following:

• Describe the statistical tests that were used to compare variables when analyzing by groups.
• Determine if the data in the analyses are normally distributed.
• Identify the type of data and errors (if any) in the data sets.
• Use the SPSS cross tabs to identify contingencies (the nature of the relationship between categories).
• Interpret statistical analyses when comparing two groups or more than two groups.
  • Describe the results and align the data with the test that was used.
  • Summarize the results of the statistical analyses. Note: Remember to address where the data differ (or do not differ) and the reporting of the statistical results.

Additional Requirements

In addition to the criteria in the Scoring Guide, you must also ensure your assignment meets the following requirements:

• Page count: Your assignment must be 2–3 double-spaced pages in length (not including a cover page or reference page).
• Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.
• APA formatting: Resources and citations are formatted according to current APA style and formatting.
• Number of references: Cite at least one peer-reviewed resource.

Submit your document as an attachment to this assignment.