Assignment: Attachment

Assignment: Attachment

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Utilizing the concepts of temperament and attachment, reflect on your own experiences as a child, those of a child you know, or those of a fictional child featured in media (book, film, television, etc.). Select concepts from temperament and attachment theories and apply those to your chosen example. Consider the three types of child temperament classification (Thomas & Chess, 1977), and consider the Ainsworth’s attachment styles for this assignment. Assess if these concepts present useful information for prevention, evaluation, or assessment of the behavioral problems that children may present during development.

Many of the research ideas that emerge from a perusal of the OD literature by OBM practitioners will probably be centered on pinpointing the complex social and verbal contingencies that prevail in organizations, contingencies that are currently lumped together under the generic notion of organizational culture (cf. Agnew and Redmon, 1992; Eubanks and Lloyd, 1992; Malott, 1992; Malott, Shimamune, and Malott, 1992). It is not clear at this juncture, however, under what metacontingencies either OBM or OD are effective. As Mawhinney (1992) suggests, even the best-developed organizations may not survive under conditions of chaotic change or a punctuation in some critical aspect of the environment. As contingency theorists, OBM practitioners have much opportunity awaiting them in determining the metacontingencies of organizational survival and in continuing to demonstrate the utility of behavior analysis in solving crucial problems for organizations. There is much work to be done and behavior analysts are well equipped to do it.

REFERENCES

Agnew, J. and Redmon, W. K. (1992). Contingency specifying stimuli: The role of “rules” in organizational behavior management. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 12(2), 67-76.

Allen, R. and Kraft, C. (1982). The organizational unconscious: How to create the corporate culture you want and need. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Argyris, C. (1970). Intervention theory and method: A behavioral science view. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

Balcazar, F. E., Shupert, M. K., Daniels, A. C, Mawhinney, T. C, and Hopkins, B. L. (1989). An objective review and analysis of ten years of publication in the Journal of Organizational Behavior Management. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 10(1), 7-37.

Beer, M. and Walton, A. E. (1987). Organization change and development. Annual Review of Psychology, 38, 339-367.

Beer, M. and Walton, A. E. (1990). Developing the competitive organization: Interventions and strategies. American Psychologist, 45, 154-161.

Brethower, D. (1982). Total performance systems. In R. O’Brien, A. Dickinson, and M. Rosow (Eds.), Industrial behavior modification (pp. 350-369). New York: Pergamon.

Brown, P. L. (1982). Managing behavior on the job. New York: Wiley.

Brown, P. L. (1989). Quality improvement through activity analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 10(1), 169-179.

Burke, W. W. (1982). Organization development. Boston: Little, Brown.

Carnevale, A. P. and Schulz, E. (1990). Return on investment: Accounting for training. Training and Development Journal, 44(1), 41-75.

Cascio, W. F. (1991). Costing human resources: The financial impact of behavior in organizations (Third edition). Boston: PWS-Kent.

Cascio, W. F. and Ramos, R. A. (1986). Development and application of a new method for assessing job performance in behavioral/economic terms. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 20-28.

Chase, P. N. (1991). Humble behaviorism or equal doses of skepticism? The Behavior Analyst, 14, 15-18.

Church, A. H. and Burke, W. W. (1993). What are the basic values of OD? Academy of Management ODC Newsletter, Winter, 1-10.

Cummings, T G. and Worley, C. G. (1993). Organization development and change (Fifth edition). San Francisco: West Publishing Company.

Daniels, A. C. (1989). Performance management: Improving quality productivity through positive reinforcement (Third edition). Tucker, GA: Performance Management Publications, Inc.

Davidove, E. A. and Schroeder, P. A. (1992). Demonstrating ROI of training. Training and Development Journal, 46(8), 70-71.

Davis, S. (1984). Managing corporate culture. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

Deal, T. E. and Kennedy, A. A. (1982). Corporate cultures: The rites and rituals of corporate life. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

Deming, W. E. (1982). Quality, productivity, and competitive position. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Advanced Engineering Study.

Dunn, W. N. and Swierczek, F. W. (1977). Planned organizational change: Toward grounded theory. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 13, 135-157.

Eubanks, J. L. and Hayward, G. B. (1992). Cost-benefit approaches to training evaluation. Paper presented at the 18th Annual Convention of the Association for Behavior Analysis: International, San Francisco, CA, May.

Eubanks, J. L. and Lloyd, K. E. (1992). Relating behavior analysis to the organizational culture concept and perspective. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 72(2), 27-44.

Eubanks, J. L. and Marshall, J. M. (1990). Training requirements and future roles for consultants to organizations. In K. Noro and O. Brown Jr. (Eds.), Human factors in organizational design and management— III: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Human Factors in Organizational Design and Management held in Kyoto, Japan, 18-21 July, 1990 (pp. 457-460). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers.

Eubanks, J. L., Marshall, J. M., and O’Driscoll, M. (1990). A competency model for OD practitioners. Training and Development Journal, 44(11), 85-90.

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