DQ 5.1.5 CAUSAL PRACTICE / DQ 5.2.5 CORRELATION VS. CAUSATION PRACTICE

38863DQ 5.2.5 CORRELATION VS. CAUSATION PRACTICE
Class,

There is a strong correlation between smoking and lung cancer, but you cannot say that smoking causes lung cancer because not all smokers end up with lung cancer. There is a strong correlation between wearing a helmet and preventing head injury, but you cannot say that wearing a helmet causes an absence of head injuries because not all helmet users end up without head injuries. Correlation is a two-way direction and each of them is independent and equal. A goes to B and B goes to A, interchangeably. You can say either way there is a strong correlation between lung cancer and smoking and there is a strong correlation between preventing head injury and helmet.
On the other hand, causation is a one-way direction, one is dependent and the other one is independent. A only goes to B. B cannot go to A. Therefore, the occurrence of B depends on A. A is a predictor to B. For example, anxiety and heart rate in adults. You can say, the higher the anxiety, the more rapid the heart rate or anxiety causes increases in heart rate. You cannot say that an increase in heart rate causes anxiety. Another example is human population and pollution in a given area. The more people in a given area, the greater the pollution. It doesn’t mean that the greater the pollution, the more people in that area.

Given this criteria, provide two examples of each (correlation and causation) and a brief explanation (a sentence or two) beside each entry that explains your decision.