Communicable Disease
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Social determinants of health are differing variables that inform a person’s ability to maintain wellness. These variables consist of environmental, social, economical, etc factors (Green, 2018). Social determinants of health can contribute to the development of disease in many ways. Factors such as access to quality healthcare, exposure to hazardous pollutants in the environment, socioeconomic status, and social support all play a role in developing health outcomes (HHS, n.d.).
The communicable disease chain model demonstrates how infection and disease spreads through a community. A pathogen (agent) finds a source to multiply and thrive in (reservoir), then exits the source through bodily secretions (portal of exit). The pathogen is then spread from one source to another (mode of transmission), and enters a new susceptible host (portal of entry) where the process begins again.
A nurse can break a link in the communicable disease chain by ensuring proper sanitation and hygiene through handwashing and use of personal protective equipment. The nurse also serves a role as educator and advocate and can teach patients and the community about proper hygiene procedures, vaccinations, strengthening the immune system, and safe sex practices (Green, 2018).
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