Preventing urinary tract catheter infections have been shown to reduce gram- negative BSIs in adults

Preventing urinary tract catheter infections have been shown to reduce gram-

negative BSIs in adults. However urinary catheters are often inappropriately 

placed in hospitalised patients, leading to increased rates of infection:

Please read the following article:

Jansen IA, Hopmans TE, Wille JC, van den Broek PJ, van der Kooi TI, van Benthem 

BH. Appropriate use of indwelling urethra catheters in hospitalized patients: results 

of a multicentre prevalence study. BMC Urol. 2012; 12:25.

Refer to the above article (Jansen 2012) and answer the following questions:

a. What was the major aim(s) of the study?

b. What were the primary and secondary outcomes?

c. What type of study design was employed?

d. What is an alternative study design that could have been used to answer the same research question? Briefly describe how you would design this study and its methodology.