Victim advocates?provide support to victims and their families navigating the criminal justice process, from?community policing?throughout sentencing
Victim advocates provide support to victims and their families navigating the criminal justice process, from community policing throughout sentencing and corrections. To be an empowered advocate for victims of all demographics, it is important to be able to identify the major aspects of multiculturalism and societal diversity within the American criminal justice system.
Scenario
Leaders at your agency for victim support services have asked the victim advocates to give presentations at an upcoming meeting of the city council or state legislature to advocate for improvements to community policing. Your agency wants to show the city or state leaders the current, accurate data that supports their claim that a particular demographic group has been disproportionately targeted or treated unethically by community policing practices and is in need of change.
Preparation
Refer to the gender, racial, or ethnic group you selected in your Wk 2: State Demographic Data assignment. This group should be represented in the prison demographics for your state and will be your focus as you examine the influence of gender, racial, or ethnic aspects of diversity in community policing.
- Research statistical demographic information on the imprisoned populations in your state or local area. (You may use the same resources from last week’s assignment.) Examine data for the racial, ethnic, or gender group that you choose to study. Access the Detailed Data Tool from The Sentencing Project for data on these groups.
- Research at least 2 scholarly sources about issues in policing the selected gender, racial, or ethnic group.
NOTE: Please Review the Sample Presentation at the Bottom
Assessment Deliverable
Using data from your state or local area, create a 10- to 12-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation to city or state officials as if you were a victim advocate working on behalf of a community to recommend a plan for reducing disparity in the policing of minority groups.
Your presentation should include the following information with supportive examples from your research:
- Cite relevant demographic information from state or local statistics on the race, ethnicity, or gender of the group you selected. Note any relevant disparities between groups.
- Explain the roles of the various criminal justice agencies and representatives engaged in building rapport with the group you chose. Summarize the ethical responsibilities of criminal justice professionals to serve multicultural populations. Give an example of a risk to effective community policing that could occur based on an officer’s biases or lack of cultural competence with the selected population.
- Identify aspects of multiculturalism and societal diversity to consider when policing this group. Describe how cultural, spiritual, or other factors may cause challenges for a minority defendant from this group during their interactions with law enforcement. Describe challenges to developing community policing practices impartial to gender, race, or ethnicity.
- Propose at least 1 recommendation based on your findings for how to address the gender, racial, or ethnic disparity identified. Make a call to action for the city council or state legislature to implement changes based on your recommendation. (If no improvements are needed, recommend a strategy for maintaining the results that you identified.)
Formatting Requirements
Download and review the Presentation Template Example. This example has been customized to reflect your summative assessment presentation components and will help you get a better idea of how to organize your presentation so that you can focus on the slide content. Inputting your content into this presentation template is optional; you can use presentation software and design layouts of your choice to customize your presentation’s appearance (i.e., color, images, and font). However, ensure you have faculty member approval in advance to use other software.
Whether you use the presentation template example or another template of your choice, include the following slides and topics in your presentation:
- Title
- Introduction
- Demographics and disparities
- Criminal justice agencies and roles in community rapport
- Ethical responsibilities in serving diverse communities
- Risk of bias or cultural incompetence in policing the selected group
- Multicultural factors in policing the selected group
- Challenges to developing impartial policing practices
- Recommendation to address identified disparity
- Conclusion
- References
- Presentation recording link (if recording using video software)
Format citations and references for any sources and images according to APA guidelines. Include citations either within the slide’s content or in the speaker notes on the slide where they are mentioned. Use the references slide to list your references. Cite at least 2 scholarly sources.
Record yourself delivering the presentation in one of the following ways:
- Record narrations within the presentation slides without appearing on screen: If you record narrations for each slide within the presentation software, such as Microsoft® PowerPoint®, you do not need to record a video.
- Record a video or screencast of yourself delivering the presentation: If you record a video of yourself delivering the presentation, either by appearing on screen or by recording a voiceover, paste the link to your completed video on the presentation recording link slide at the end of your presentation.
For either format, ensure that slides are visible and your voice is heard clearly. Contact your faculty member for alternate deliverable formats if you need accommodations.
Visual Depiction of State Prison Population and Data Disparities
Arkansas's General Population
White Black Asian Hispanic 77.31 15.45 1.4 7.16
Arkansas's Prison Population
Arkansas's Prison Population
White Black Asian Hispanic 450 1486 105 239
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2
State Demographic Data
Elizabeth Knox
Professor Hullar
University of Phoenix
CJA/336
August 23,2025
Introduction
This discussion examines African Americans and the fact that they are overrepresented in the prison system. African Americans make up a significantly smaller proportion of the general population, yet they are always incarcerated at much higher rates compared to Whites. These differences indicate how structural inequalities persist into the criminal justice system to replicate cycles of disadvantage (Conyers, Lynn, & Leigey, 2023).
Data Interpretation
The state and national statistics have been reporting similar facts that African Americans are about 13 percent of the population and about 40 percent of prisoners. Such inequalities are not attributable to crime variability. Instead, research highlights how racially based profiling and disparate sentencing, as well as discriminatory policing practices, have an outsized effect on African Americans (Gmez & Farr, 2023). The endurance of these disparities can be defined as a carryover of racialized oppressive apparatuses where imprisonment is postulated as the new form of lynching. In addition to this, Tadros and McCaskill (2023) also suggest that the current microaggression of mass incarceration and associated segregation resembles the American slavery paradigm, which maintains its practice of oppression through novel acts of law and institutional domination.
Strategy for Reducing Disparities
Working with local communities through collaborative community policing efforts is one of the strategies that can help to reduce these disparities. Police agencies are supposed to establish relationships with schools, religious groups, and local powerhouses with an aim of carrying out restorative justice programs. Those are solutions which focus on remedying damage, on keeping offenders away in the realm of criminals, and on desisting the use of a punitive approach which are based on retribution. The strategies not only reduce recidivism but also build a sense of trust in the historically marginalized communities through policing (Conyers et al., 2023).
Improvement in Reporting
In order to facilitate accountability, law enforcement agencies are encouraged to consider embracing the uniform use of digital reporting that better breaks out racial and ethnic data. Releasing such information publicly would be keeping citizens in the know, keeping researchers aware of disparities, and making communities more capable of holding institutions to task. Increased reliability in reporting would be a precondition to data-driven reforms that set direct targets at racial disparities in incarceration.
References
Conyers, A., Lynn, V., & Leigey, M. (Eds.). (2023). Mass incarceration in the 21st Century: Realities and reflections.
Gómez, Y., & Farr, P. (2023). “Today's Lynching is Incarceration”: Critical Race Theory, Mass Incarceration, and Prison Abolition. In Mass Incarceration in the 21st Century (pp. 261-271). Routledge.
Tadros, E., & McCaskill, A. (2023). Mass Incarceration and Microaggressions: America’s Modern Day Slavery. Journal of Psychological Perspective, 5(1), 1-8.
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Community Policing Presentation
CJA/336: Diversity in Criminal Justice
Week 3 Summative Assessment
Devan Crow
Professor John Hullar
January 24, 2024
Ladies and gentlemen, Hello and Welcome!
1
Introduction
Presenter
Goals
Focus
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
My name is Devan Crow, and I work as the Victim Advocate for the Illinois communities. I am here today to present to the city officials some substantial data that explains the disparities in the treatment and conviction of men and women in our criminal justice system. The goal of this presentation is to recommend a comprehensive strategy for alleviating gender disparities in policing within the communities of Illinois to hopefully promote some significant changes.
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Demographics and Disparities
Illinois Total Population: 12, 549,689
Male Prison Population: 28,163
Female Prison Population: 1,471
(U.S. Census Bureau, 2023) (The Sentencing Project, 2025)
The United States Census Bureau reports that the total population of Illinois is approximately 13 million, with men and women being nearly equally represented in Illinois. Notably, The Sentencing Project reveals a significant disparity in the incarceration rates between genders. Men constitute approximately 28,000 inmates, while women account for only about 1,000. Furthermore, The Sentencing Project highlights that women are more likely to receive probation sentences rather than prison or jail time.
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Total Population in Illinois
Total Population
Female Male 6352031 6197658
Prison Population
Males Females 28163 1471
Criminal Justice Agencies and Roles in Community Rapport
Criminal Justice Professionals’ Goal
Building Trust
Community Relations Strategy
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND
(Walker, et. al, 2018, p. 276) (Chamberlain & Boggess, 2024)
Criminal justice professionals strive to mitigate disorder within communities and prioritize the safety of the community. Criminal justice professionals also attempt to develop community relations by establishing trust with the citizens. The most effective strategy for maintaining trust and fostering positive relationships between law enforcement agencies and the communities they serve is to prioritize transparency and accountability. This entails openly communicating with the community about any mistakes and taking appropriate actions to rectify the errors. (Walker, et. al, 2018, p. 276)
It is unacceptable for an officer to issue a traffic ticket solely based on a person’s gender. For instance, if an officer pulled over a woman who resides in a high-class neighborhood for speeding but refrained from issuing her a ticket, while the male driver who resides in a low-class neighborhood that was previously pulled over received a ticket, such a disparity in treatment is unjust and discriminatory. (Chamberlain & Boggess, 2024)
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Ethical Responsibilities in Serving Diverse Communities
Multicultural Needs
Cultural Sensitivity in Policing
Ethical Duty and Community Policing
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
(U.S. Department of Justice, n.d.)
As criminal justice professionals it is crucial to comprehend that multicultural populations have unique needs, experiences, and perspectives. When policing individuals of diverse genders, it is crucial to consider various cultural, spiritual, and other diversity factors. These factors include language barriers, religious practices, trust and perception issues, and demographic factors. It is our ethical duty to make certain that we serve all members of the community with respect and dignity regardless of their gender. We will address challenges that may arise from implementing gender-impartial community policing practices, such as potential biases, gender stereotypes, and cultural expectations. By doing so, we can ensure the equal treatment of all community members. (U.S. Department of Justice, n.d.)
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Risk of Bias or Cultural Incompetence in Policing Male vs. Female
Cultural Compentence
Potential Bias in Policing
Impact of Gender on Outcomes
(Spjeldnes & Goodkind, 2009) (Chamberlain & Boggess, 2024)
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
Regarding the potential for bias or cultural incompetence in policing it seems females are frequently apprehended for property, drug, or public order offenses compared to violent crimes. Men are usually the ones incarcerated for violent crimes (Spjeldnes & Goodkind, 2009) It appears that female individuals are accorded a more lenient treatment compared to their male counterparts. In low-crime neighborhoods, officers may be more inclined to release a female suspect due to their desire to project an image of nobility. (Chamberlain & Boggess, 2024) Male officers may be more inclined to grant pardons and dismissals of charges and tickets against women solely due to their gender. Gender discrimination in the criminal justice system is both unjust and unethical.
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Multicultural Factors in Policing Female vs. Male
Gender Disparity in Criminal Justice
Sentencing Disparity
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
(Procedural Justice, n.d.) (The Sentencing Project, 2025)
Policies and principles are established to alleviate discrimination based on gender. (Procedural Justice, n.d.) This does not imply that individuals are treated justifiably. Given the disproportionate representation of men in prisons, it is evident that there is gender disparity within the criminal justice system. An example of discrimination is the disparity in sentencing between men and women for comparable offenses. (The Sentencing Project, 2025)
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Challenges to Developing Impartial Policing Practices
Fair and unbiased policing practices are fundamental to maintaining an impartial society. However, addressing disparities based on factors such as gender, race, and ethnicity can be problematic. Police departments may encounter difficulties such as a lack of trust from the community and poor community relations.
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Importance of Fair Policing
Challenges in Addressing Disparities
Impact on Community Relations
Recommendation to Address Gender Disparity
Addressing Gender Disparities
Building Community Trust
Mitigating Disparities
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC
(U.S. Department of Justice, n.d.)
When addressing gender disparities, I recommend investing in training on diversity groups, bias, and culture sensitivity for all law enforcement. (U.S. Department of Justice, n.d.) Establishing trust between the community and the police is of vital importance. This helps build a relationship that facilitates future collaborations within the community. This initiative is intended to address and mitigate all existing disparities.
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Conclusion
Presentation Focus
Presentation Goal
Desired Outcome
This presentation has shown how females and males are regarded and convicted in the criminal justice system. I trust that this presentation has provided relatable data and offered valuable insights into the necessary actions to effect change. By enhancing our comprehension of diversity, I am hopeful that we can make a change within the criminal justice system, ensuring equality between genders. Thank you for your time.
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Refrences
Chamberlain, A. W., & Boggess, L. N. (2024). Disparities in Sex-Specific Arrest Rates: Does Offense Type and Neighborhood Context Matter? Crime & Delinquency, 70(12), 3216–3242. https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287231202780
Importance of Police-Community Relationships and Resources for Further Reading. U.S. Department of Justice. (n.d.). https://www.justice.gov/crs/file/836486/dl?inline=
Procedural Justice. National Initiative for Building Community Trust and Justice. (n.d.). https://trustandjustice.org/resources/intervention/procedural-justice
Spjeldnes, S., & Goodkind, S. (2009). Gender Differences and Offender Reentry: A Review of the Literature (Vol. 48, Issue 4, pp. 314–335).
The Sentencing Project (2025). Detailed State Data Tool. Retrieved January 17, 2025, from https://www.sentencingproject.org/research/detailed-state-data-tool/
U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. (2023). Age and Sex. American Community Survey, ACS 1-Year Estimates Subject Tables, Table S0101. Retrieved January 17, 2025, from https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST1Y2023.S0101?q=illinois&t=Age and Sex.
Walker, S., Spohn, C., & DeLone, M. (2018). The color of justice: Race, ethnicity, and crime in America (6th ed.). Cengage.
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Presentation Recording
Link to recording
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