This assignment aims to expand what you started with the library assignment (SEE ATTACHMENT AS A GUIDE) This assignment aims to deepen your understanding of

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Ethics in Medical Research

Ethics in Medical Research

Berg, H. (2020). Virtue Ethics and Integration in Evidence-Based Practice in Psychology. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 258. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00258

· Summary: This article examines how virtue ethics can profit the act of evidence, based psychology through the improvement of ethical and professional development.

· Methodology: With reference to the concept of virtue ethics theories, a critical evaluation of the APP write-up based on the abstracts and other scholarly publications indicating aspects on evidence-based practice and ethical decision-making.

· Ethical Considerations: Has the values of integrity and compassion in order to deal with the ethical dilemmas in research and practice.

· Main Arguments and Findings: According to Berg, the virtue ethical approach can be highly useful when incorporated with the evidence based practices, when it comes to solving the various ethical quandaries that may psychologists thus making it easy to achieve responsible and ethical research.

Bobba, S. (2019). Ethics of medical research in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations. Australian Journal of Primary Health, 25(5), 402. https://doi.org/10.1071/py18049

· Summary: This article analyses some special ethical concerns that are specific only to the medical research conducted on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders in Australia. As we consider the author’s presentation of globalization, it is clear that the author pays a lot of attention to helping other researchers conduct culturally appropriate research in the community.

· Methodology: A discussion of method of previous publications and of ethic codes concerning Indigenous people health research. Some findings based on ethical issues and successes of earlier research are discussed here by presenting some prior case studies.

· Ethical Considerations: This paper discusses matters including culturally relevant informed consent, the community interest, and Indigenous self-determination and knowledge.

· Main Arguments and Findings: Of particular interest, Bobba has presented the concept of people-centered first approach to medical research involving Indigenous peoples – an approach that involves indigenous partners as key decision-makers to determine the appropriate and right means of conducting research.

Cheung, P. (2018). The role of ethics in medical research. Public Trust in Medical Research?, 19-32. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315383187-3

· Summary: In their article, Cheung discusses whether ethical consideration is relevant to public trust in clinical research with the indication that the principles are a prerequisite for people’s faith in science.

· Methodology: Russia has only recently begun to pay attention to the idea of ethical review; the article contains both a review of the ethical guidelines and an assessment of the results of the surveys of public opinion and case studies of ethical dilemmas in medical research.

· Ethical Considerations: On ethical pertaining issues, the author points out on issues of transparency, accountability and human security.

· Main Arguments and Findings: Eighty percent of participants believe that cases of poor data integrity, fabricated results or misuse of participants, hurt the community’s trust and the advancement of science. The article suggests substantial ethical standards and P4C as the solutions.

Emanuel, E. J., & Boyle, C. W. (2021). Informed Consent—We Can and Should Do Better. JAMA Network Open, 4(5), e2111830. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.11830

· Summary: Emanuel and Boyle described their concerns about the current state of informed consent and suggested that enhanced clarity and improvement in participant’s understanding is needed.

· Methodology: The current study involved a critique of earlier historical documents such as the Nuremberg Code and an examination of current revisions in several ethical requirements such as the Common Rule.

· Ethical Considerations: Criticizing most of the articles that have been published on OA Journals, the article states that, it is ethical mandatory to guarantee that participants finding themselves in research projects understand the risks and advantages of the research fully.

· Main Arguments and Findings: The authors suggest that the present informed consent procedures are suboptimal and contribute to ethical failures. They suggest that more of educational aids should be developed to help participants learn better.

Vasco-Morales, S., Vasco-Toapanta, G. A., Vasco-Toapanta, C. S., & Toapanta-Pinta, P. (2024). Ethics in medical research: A quantitative analysis of the observations of ethics committees in research protocols. https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.23.24309373

· Summary: This work employs a quantitative method to determining the findings brought forth by ethics committees regarding medical research protocols including standard modalities of ethical dilemma and research shortcomings.

· Methodology: The authors looked at 500 case notes of research protocols submitted to ethics committees and reviewed them to determine which ethical issues recur most frequently.

· Ethical Considerations: Details discussed include matters of consent, undue influence, and risk-benefit assessment, and specific patient population in research.

· Main Arguments and Findings: The research uncovers consistent failures in the protocol development with a specific emphasis on participants in experiments and inadequate risk briefing. The authors do a good job of pointing out what researchers should do: abide by the guidelines to an even greater extent and receive improved training.

References

Berg, H. (2020). Virtue Ethics and Integration in Evidence-Based Practice in Psychology. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 258. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00258

Bobba, S. (2019). Ethics of medical research in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations. Australian Journal of Primary Health, 25(5), 402. https://doi.org/10.1071/py18049

Cheung, P. (2018). The role of ethics in medical research. Public Trust in Medical Research?, 19-32. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315383187-3

Emanuel, E. J., & Boyle, C. W. (2021). Informed Consent—We Can and Should Do Better. JAMA Network Open, 4(5), e2111830. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.11830

Vasco-Morales, S., Vasco-Toapanta, G. A., Vasco-Toapanta, C. S., & Toapanta-Pinta, P. (2024). Ethics in medical research: A quantitative analysis of the observations of ethics committees in research protocols. https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.23.24309373

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