What are statements that constrain the ways in which the software can be designed and implemented?
1. What are statements that constrain the ways in which the software can be designed and implemented?
2. What decisions does the software engineer make about the best ways (processes, techniques, and technologies) to achieve the requirements?
3. How can a programmer grasp a better understanding of the project given by a client at the early stages?
4. What is the difference between “ideal total time” and “calendar time”?
Disscussion:
Discuss the differences between Functional and Non-Functional Requirements.
Reply 1:
Characteristics – **Specificity**: Functional requirements are typically detailed and explicit, outlining specific tasks the system must perform. For example, “The system shall allow users to create, read, update, and delete their profiles.”
User-Centric : They are often derived from user needs and business objectives, focusing on user interactions and system outputs.
Traceability : Functional requirements can be traced throughout the development process, allowing for verification and validation to ensure the system meets specified behaviors.
Impact on Development : These requirements guide the design and implementation phases, influencing decisions related to system architecture, user interface design, and database interactions. Clear functional requirements help prevent scope creep and miscommunication among stakeholders.
Non-Functional Requirements
Definition Non-functional requirements outline the quality attributes and constraints of a system, describing how the system performs its functions rather than the functions themselves. They encompass aspects such as performance, security, usability, and reliability.
Characteristics
Quality Attributes : Non-functional requirements focus on the system’s performance characteristics, such as speed, scalability, and response time. For example, “The system shall respond to user queries within two seconds.”
Broad Scope : These requirements may cover a wide range of factors, including security standards, compliance with regulations, and usability guidelines. They can often be more subjective and harder to quantify than functional requirements.
Contextual Dependence : Non-functional requirements are often influenced by the specific context in which the software will be used, including user demographics, operational environments, and industry standards.
Impact on Development : Non-functional requirements significantly affect architectural decisions, technology choices, and testing strategies. For instance, a system requiring high security may dictate the use of specific encryption methods or compliance with security standards. Additionally, these requirements are crucial for ensuring user satisfaction and long-term viability.
Integration of Functional and Non-Functional Requirements
Both functional and non-functional requirements are essential for successful software development. They should be considered together during the requirements elicitation and analysis phases. For example, if a functional requirement states that a system must handle a specific number of transactions per second, the non-functional requirements related to performance and scalability must also be defined to ensure the system can meet these demands.
Conclusion
In summary, functional and non-functional requirements serve distinct but complementary roles in software development. Functional requirements outline what the system should do, while non-functional requirements define how well it should perform those tasks. A thorough understanding of both types of requirements is essential for creating a software product that meets user expectations and business goals, as highlighted by Habibullah et al. (2023). Balancing these requirements throughout the development process ultimately leads to a more robust, reliable, and user-friendly final product.
Reference Example:
Reference Example:
Cohn, M. (2004). User stories applied: For agile software development. Addison-Wesley.
Reply 2:
In the field of software engineering, requirements are known to be one of the chief considerations when developing software. They form the basis for establishing what ought to be achieved by the system and how this is going to be achieved (Habibullah et al., 2023). Some of the most important divided requirements are functional and non-functional requirements, which have different characteristics of developing the final product.
Functional Requirements
Behavioral requirements specify certain activity, behaviour, action or operation that a certain system has to address. Such ones mostly illustrate how input data is processed, business rules executed and output produced in order to satisfy the user’s requirements (Rahy & Bass, 2022). For instance, the functional need of an e-commerce Website may be having features that enable users to put items in their basket or let them know whether their order has been processed or not. These functions make a direct contribution to defining the value to be delivered to end-users and key stakeholders in answering what the system will do.
Non-Functional Requirements
Non-functional requirements constitute features that describe the system as opposed to the features that it exhibits. Some of these may include: performance, security, user friendliness, expandability, dependability and ease of upgrading, among others. Non-functional requirements are opposite to functional requirements by means of concentration, as the latter express actions which will be performed by the system i.e. The report generation module shall produce monthly sales reports, while the former is concerned with quality aspects of how well a certain activity is performed i.e. The application shall generate reports within five seconds.
Contrasting Aspects
The fundamental difference lies in their nature: whereas the functional one specifies the features or performance characteristics that allow the users to perform specific tasks as“what”, the non-functional one, in turn, deals with overall features of the system as“how well” (Habibullah et al., 2023). This is because non-functional elements are so intertwined with many aspects of functionality, for example, tying reliability to response time while conducting a transaction on an online banking system.
The distinction between the functional and the non-functional requirements is paramount in any software development process. Even though both play important roles in the complete requirement specifications to consider with the stakeholders, both are found to be crucial (Rahy & Bass, 2022). Understanding the difference between both disciplines allows a team to focus on the appropriate design decisions in accordance with what the software does versus how it does it.
References
Habibullah, K. M., Gay, G., & Horkoff, J. (2023). Non-functional requirements for machine learning: Understanding current use and challenges among practitioners. Requirements Engineering, 28(2), 283-316.
Rahy, S., & Bass, J. M. (2022). Managing non‐functional requirements in agile software development. IET software, 16(1), 60-72.
Reflection:
Purpose: By reflecting on personal or hypothetical project experiences, students will explore the ethical, moral, and spiritual dimensions of technology development and deployment.
Objective: Reflect on general project experiences (personal, professional, or hypothetical) and apply project management concepts.
Task: Write a reflective essay discussing either a project you’ve been involved with, or imagine a project scenario if you have no direct experience. Consider the following questions:
1. Have you been involved in any projects, either personal or professional (e.g., organizing an event, developing a personal system, or collaborating on a school project)? If so, what was your role? If not, imagine a project you might lead or participate in.
2. What were the project’s goals and objectives? (For hypothetical scenarios, what would the desired outcome of your project be?)
3. Were there any challenges or obstacles encountered during the project, or what challenges might you anticipate?
4. How were these challenges addressed, or how would you plan to resolve them?
5. What project management techniques or tools (e.g., timelines, task management, collaboration tools) were used, or could have been useful?
6. What lessons did you learn from your project, or what lessons do you anticipate learning from this hypothetical scenario?
Assessment Criteria:
· Depth of reflection and self-awareness
· Ability to relate personal or hypothetical experiences to project management concepts
· Clarity and organization of the written essay
· Critical thinking and analysis
NOTE: The AI Policy will be strictly enforced.
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