Improving Healthcare Access in Saudi Arabia
reply to dr 1 I think we can see where transportation may be an issue in the near future.The fact remains that healthcare is expanding, many of the emergency services that are out in the field. There is a need for healthcare outreach, being able to work alongside others who are willing to assist in promotion of transportation, and also being able to determine what needs to be done with the views of leadership involved. this was my disussion Determinants of Cancer Care Infrastructure in the healthcare system and cultural considerations are two critical determinants of cancer treatment in Saudi Arabia. These factors significantly impact the nation’s availability and standard of cancer care. Healthcare infrastructure is a critical determinant of cancer care. Modern hospitals and healthcare facilities have been created in Saudi Arabia due to significant investments in the country’s healthcare system. The infrastructure for healthcare varies between urban and rural settings (Althobaiti & Jradi, 2019). Modern cancer treatment facilities are located in major cities like Riyadh and Jeddah. However, outlying areas might not have access to these services. Because patients from underprivileged areas may encounter obstacles in accessing healthcare facilities and oncology specialists, this infrastructural gap could impact the early detection and prompt cancer treatment (Althobaiti & Jradi, 2019). Cultural considerations also significantly impact how Saudi Arabia treats cancer patients. Cultural beliefs and social conventions can influence cancer prevention, screening, and treatment choices (Alshammary et al., 2019). For instance, stigma or fear may prevent some people from openly discussing cancer. This can postpone obtaining medical care and prevent an early diagnosis and course of therapy. Furthermore, cultural preferences may affect the type of treatment chosen, with some patients choosing traditional treatments or receiving care abroad, which may impact the treatment’s effectiveness. The cultural determinants pose the greatest threat to the population’s general health in Saudi Arabia. Disparities in healthcare infrastructure are problematic, but cultural attitudes and ideas about cancer can significantly impact the entire cancer care continuum. Cancer-related stigma, myths, and fear might cause delayed diagnoses and resistance to following treatment plans (Alshammary et al., 2019). When cancer is diagnosed, it may already be in an advanced stage, leading to less effective treatment and lower survival chances. A multifaceted strategy is needed to address cultural variables, including public awareness campaigns, healthcare services sympathetic to cultural norms, and education to dispel cancer myths and prejudices. The Saudi Arabian population’s overall health and the outcomes of cancer care must be improved, and while increasing the country’s healthcare infrastructure is critical, removing cultural obstacles is equally essential (Althobaiti & Jradi, 2019). References Alshammary, S. A., Duraisamy, B., Albalawi, Y., & Ratnapalan, S. (2019). Development of palliative and end of life care: the current situation in Saudi Arabia. Cureus, 11(3). https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/original_article/pdf/18145/1612428603-161242859820210204-18203-uf8oge.pdf Althobaiti, A., & Jradi, H. (2019). Knowledge, attitude, and perceived barriers regarding colorectal cancer screening practices and risk factors among medical students in Saudi Arabia. BMC medical education, 19, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-019-1857-7 reply to dr 2 The systematic literature review (formally Quantitative Retrospective methodology) has distinct strengths of (convenience, timeliness, low chance of ethical conflicts, and quantitative nature) vs. distinct weaknesses of (very limited generalizability/validity of conclusions, extensive methodological and statistical limitations, limited repeat reliability, and plethora of confounding – both mediating and moderating variables that likely influence the results including the extensive delimitations or information not assessed). You specified a more recent and targeted research assessment as an alternative research design. Can you review my posts on research methods/designs and be more specific regarding what you are proposing and why it is superior (fewer weaknesses/limitationns) to the current study design? Thank you in advance, Dr. Eric this was discussion Study Designs in Research The epidemiology and prevalence of respiratory tract infections are covered in depth throughout the article. Particularly prevalent among Hajj pilgrims are pneumonia and influenza-like sickness (ILI). The study’s primary objectives were to thoroughly analyze prior studies on respiratory illnesses during the Hajj pilgrimage and to present the key conclusions (Benkouiten et al., 2019). Additionally, it sought to provide light on how to monitor for and prevent the spread of these illnesses in large-scale gatherings. The researchers thoroughly reviewed articles that examined respiratory illnesses among Hajj pilgrims and were published between 1993 and 2014. They sought to assemble data from cohort studies and hospital-based investigations to shed light on the prevalence of symptoms, vaccination coverage, and the efficiency of nonpharmaceutical therapies and vaccines (Benkouiten et al., 2019). The study also aimed to draw attention to the requirement for data collecting uniformity, particularly when identifying ILI and other respiratory symptoms. The study’s principal conclusions showed that respiratory illnesses like ILI and pneumonia are significant worries during the Hajj trip (Benkouiten et al., 2019). There have been reports of high incidence of subjective fever, sore throat, and cough among pilgrims, whose prevalence of these diseases varies greatly. The study found variations in ILI case definitions between studies, highlighting the necessity of consistent definitions for precise surveillance (Benkouiten et al., 2019). Various prevalence rates of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), pharyngitis, and bronchitis were seen in hospital-based investigations of sick pilgrims, with pneumonia accounting for most admissions and critical illnesses. The study’s design includes a systematic review, a reliable technique for compiling prior research. A thorough investigation of respiratory infections experienced during the Hajj pilgrimage was made possible by including cohort and hospital-based research (Hashim et al., 2016). The researchers comprehensively understand the problem by reviewing a wide range of papers. However, the study does have several glaring flaws. Given the changing landscape of infectious diseases, the review’s data, which covered more than two decades, might need to accurately reflect the current state of affairs (Benkouiten et al., 2019). The study also emphasized the inconsistent use of ILI criteria across studies, suggesting that symptom reporting may be biased or inconsistent. Direct comparisons are also tricky due to the diversity of study designs and data collection methods. An alternate strategy can incorporate a more recent and targeted research assessment carried out in the last several years while adhering to the systematic review approach (Hashim et al., 2016). This would offer a more recent insight into the incidence of respiratory infections currently experienced during the Hajj. Additionally, a prospective cohort study encompassing pilgrims from various backgrounds, with uniform symptom criteria and data collection techniques, could provide more detailed insights into the epidemiology of respiratory illnesses and the efficacy of therapies (Hashim et al., 2016). Such a study could address the gaps in the evaluated studies and provide critical information for public health initiatives about the Hajj. References Benkouiten, S., Al-Tawfiq, J. A., Memish, Z. A., Albarrak, A., & Gautret, P. (2019). Clinical respiratory infections and pneumonia during the Hajj pilgrimage: A systematic review. Travel medicine and infectious disease, 28, 15-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2018.12.002 Hashim, S., Ayub, Z. N., Mohamed, Z., Hasan, H., Harun, A., Ismail, N., … & Aziz, A. A. (2016). The prevalence and preventive measures of the respiratory illness among Malaysian pilgrims in 2013 Hajj season. Journal of travel medicine, 23(2), tav019. https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/tav019
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