Ethnopsychology & Individual Final Exam Latest 2024

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Ethnopsychology & Individual Final Multiple Choice Exam 2024

QUESTION 1

1. “All individuals are, in some respects, like all other individuals” illustrates which level of the Tripartite Model?

Group level

Universal level

Individual level

Collective level

QUESTION 2

1. “I did not want to leave my family and I could not even say goodbye to them. I was forced to leave and all I got were only my ragged clothes.” This person is most likely to be a/an ______________.

immigrant

refugee

homeless

resident

QUESTION 3

1. “We know that when we are stressed, our immune system is weakened, and we are more likely to get sick.” This quotation illustrates which level of the Biopsychosocial model?

Biological

Cultural

Social-Interpersonal

Cognitive-Affective

QUESTION 4

1. A(n) ___________ identifies with his/her country of origin and rejects all the host culture’s values and beliefs.

assimilationist

separationist

marginalist

integrationist

QUESTION 5

1. According to Bronfenbrenner (1979), what are the layers of context that we should consider when speaking of an ecological context?

first asylum, claimant, settlement, and adaptation

culture shock and acculturation

premigration, migration, and postmigration

microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem.

QUESTION 6

1. According to Cass, the first stage that young people go through when questioning their sexual identity is______________.

identity comparison

identity discovery

identity rejection

identity confusion

QUESTION 7

1. According to Gaertner and Dovidio, ________ is a form of racism practiced by individuals who believe that they are not racist and who even state that racism is undesirable but who subtly support racist views through “logical” or “commonsense” reasons.

benign racism

aversive racism

hidden racism

covert racism

QUESTION 8

1. According to Hall (1976), Latinos tend to engage in more interpersonal touching when conversing with others. This touching is a sign of

control.

coldness.

warmth.

low-contact communication.

QUESTION 9

1. According to LaFromboise, ___________ is the process of combining one’s culture of origin with the host culture, creating a somewhat new culture.

assimilationist

acculturated

fusion

alternation

QUESTION 10

1. According to Ribeau et al. (1999), if a White man only talks with his African American co-worker about sports and music, he is engaging in

negative stereotyping.

personal expressiveness.

authenticity.

power dynamics.

QUESTION 11

1. According to Ridley (1989, 1995), the kind of racism that involves individuals being unaware of their racism and perpetuating such racism is called

overt racism.

covert racism.

covert, intentional racism.

covert, unintentional racism.

QUESTION 12

1. According to Ridley (1989, 1995), the kind of racism that involves openly engaging in hostile and aggressive acts against ethnic minorities is called

overt racism.

covert racism.

covert, intentional racism.

covert, unintentional racism.

QUESTION 13

1. According to Triandis (1995), an individual who acts according to his/her own needs is

individualistic.

collectivistic.

idiocentric.

allocentric.

QUESTION 14

1.According to Triandis (1995), an individual who acts according to the needs of the group is

individualistic.

collectivistic.

idiocentric.

allocentric.

QUESTION 15

1.According to different researchers, acculturation refers to:

the modification of internal representations in order to accommodate a changing knowledge of reality.

the experiences and changes that groups and individuals undergo when they come into contact with a different culture.

the act of adjusting something to match a standard.

an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another.

QUESTION 16

1.According to the Sue worldview model, learned helplessness is associated with the ________ quadrant.

IC–IR

EC–IR

EC–ER

IC–ER

QUESTION 17

1.According to the Sue worldview model, the “American Dream” is based on

IC–IR.

EC–IR.

EC–ER.

IC–ER.

QUESTION 18

1.Acculturative stress is stress due to the:

inability to “successfully” maintain values from one’s culture.

inability to “successfully” adapt in the new country.

instability of the way of life in the new culture.

instability of acceptance from people in the new culture.

QUESTION 19

1.Although Joe grew up in a predominantly Asian neighborhood, he did not feel as though he fit into Asian culture, neither did he like White people very much. Joe ended up joining an Asian gang, committing violent crimes, and dropping out of school. Joe is an example of a(n):

assimilationist

separationist

marginalist

integrationist

QUESTION 20

1.Attribution theory suggests that we use two primary dimensions to develop judgments about others’ behaviors:

internal–external and stable–unstable.

introversion–extraversion and stable–unstable.

internal–external and horizontal–vertical.

introversion–extraversion and horizontal–vertical.

QUESTION 21

1.Cultural identity is comprised of:

gender

race.

sexual orientation.

All of the above.

QUESTION 22

1.Derald Wing Sue’s worldview model examines the dimensions of

locus of control and locus of reason.

locus of reason and locus of responsibility.

locus of responsibility and locus of concern.

locus of responsibility and locus of control.

QUESTION 23

1.Discrimination is considered to be the ________ component of categorization.

cognitive

evaluative

behavioral

institutional

QUESTION 24

1.Early psychological research conducted by Europeans and European Americans on racial group differences often concluded that:

we are all members of one race, the human race.

Whites are inferior to other races.

members of other racial groups are inferior to Whites

Whites are higher in intelligence, but other groups are higher in personality.

QUESTION 25

1.From a biological perspective, race is determined by:

the shared attitudes and beliefs of a group.

the degree to which one assimilates into the dominant group.

phenotype, or the shared noticeable physical characteristics of a group.

the shared language and history of a group.

QUESTION 26

1.Hand gestures while talking is an example of the nonverbal communication called

proxemics.

kinesics.

paralanguage.

high-context communication.

QUESTION 27

1.Heterosexual couples can walk down the street hand-in-hand or arm-in-arm, whereas homosexual couples generally don’t do this. This can be an example of

heterosexual privilege.

homosexual privilege.

homosexual modesty.

sexism.

QUESTION 28

1.Ho (1987) examined the Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck value orientation model as it applies to different cultural groups. With respect to the “preferred mode of activity” dimension, Ho found that middle-class White Americans tend to believe in

doing.

being.

becoming.

being-in-becoming.

QUESTION 29

1.If we see Bobby hit Jimmy and conclude that Bobby must be an aggressive child, we have committed

an accurate perception.

an inaccurate perception.

the fundamental attribution error.

the ultimate attribution error.

QUESTION 30

1. If we see Bobby hit Jimmy and conclude that all Asian children like Bobby must be aggressive, we have committed

an accurate perception.

an inaccurate perception.

the fundamental attribution error.

the ultimate attribution error.

QUESTION 31

1.In Helms’ first status of White racial identity development, contact:

people are aware of racism.

White people are unaware and uninformed about racism.

White people are socialized with other races.

White people identify most with African Americans

QUESTION 32

1.In collectivistic cultures,

guilt is a more important negative emotion than is shame.

shame is a more important negative emotion than is guilt.

guilt and shame are equally important negative emotions.

neither guilt nor shame are very important negative emotions.

QUESTION 33

1.In terms of multiracial identity, “hypodescension” means:

the multiracial person primarily identifies with the lower status culture in this country

the multiracial person primarily identifies as being White, or with the higher status culture in this country.

the person does not strongly identify with either culture.

the person has created his/her own unique culture.

QUESTION 34

1.In the study conducted by Clark & Clark (1939), African-American children viewed the _________dolls as the most appealing?

Black dolls

White dolls

Mexican dolls

Asian dolls

QUESTION 35

1.Lack of _____________ become(s) one of the most important factors in the acculturation process, but can also be one of the greatest sources of stress for immigrants and refugees.

finances

employment

education

support networks

QUESTION 36

1.Latasha, a Black woman, is asked by her professor what Blacks think about a topic in class, whereas Emily, a White woman, is merely asked what she thinks. Emily is benefiting from

female privilege.

White privilege.

discrimination.

racial profiling.

QUESTION 37

1.Multicultural psychology is primarily concerned with behavior, cognition, and affect as they occur:

in settings where everyone is the same.

at the biological level.

in settings where people of many different backgrounds co-exist.

in inferior races of people.

QUESTION 38

1.Nigrescence is the process of:

becoming cultured in the black community.

becoming black.

wishing you were not black.

feeling ashamed of being black.

QUESTION 39

1.One of the major premises of multicultural psychology is that:

all cultures are the same.

all behavior can be explained by genetic influences.

all behavior is learned and occurs in a cultural context.

culture is too complex to be understood or studied effectively.

QUESTION 40

1.One of the most common mental disorders suffered by refugees is:

schizophrenia.

panic disorder.

major depression.

post traumatic stress disorder.

QUESTION 41

1.Psychologists who study culture say that culture refers to all of the following EXCEPT:

the values of a particular group of people.

the guiding beliefs or principles of a particular group of people.

the behaviors or typical activities of a particular group of people.

an individual’s personal thoughts and beliefs regarding likes and dislikes.

QUESTION 42

1.Race differs from culture in that culture focuses on:

biological differences.

the shared attitudes and beliefs of a group.

the degree to which one assimilates to a new surrounding.

the socially constructed meaning of phenotypic differences.

QUESTION 43

1.Racism is considered to be the ________ component of categorization.

cognitive

evaluative

behavioral

institutional

QUESTION 44

1.Stereotypes are considered to be the ________ component of categorization.

cognitive

evaluative

behavioral

institutional

QUESTION 45

1.Suppose that an African American man who excels in verbal skills, which are very important to him, is placed in a test that is much harder than he has taken in the past. The negative stereotype about African Americans is then signaled. According to Steele’s (1997) notion of stereotype threat, we would expect this man to

perform more poorly than his White counterparts.

perform just as well as his White counterparts.

perform better than his White counterparts.

defensively feel that this test is relatively easy.

QUESTION 46

1.Suppose that you are in a conversation with someone and that person tells you a lie. According to Grice’s Cooperative Principle, that person is violating the maxim of

quality.

quantity.

relevance.

manner.

QUESTION 47

1.The “refugee career” discussed by Berry (1988, 1991) is in this order:

adaptation? settlement ? flight ? claimant ? first asylum ?predeparture

claimant? settlement ? adaptation ? predeparture ? flight ?first asylum

adaptation? settlement ? claimant ? first asylum ? flight ?predeparture

claimant? adaptation ? predeparture ? flight ? first asylum ?settlement

QUESTION 48

1.The Clark & Clark (1939) doll study had widespread influence in the field of psychology and beyond, including being used as evidence in which Supreme Court case?

Brown vs. Board of Education

Plessy vs. Ferguson

Dred Scott vs. Sandford

Gibsons vs. Ogden

QUESTION 49

1. The ________ approach attempts to find commonalities across cultures.

etic

emic

individualistic

collectivistic

QUESTION 50

1.The ________ approach examines only one culture from within that culture.

etic

emic

individualistic

collectivistic

QUESTION 51

1.The distance you stand from someone while speaking to them is a form of nonverbal communication called

proxemics.

kinesics.

paralanguage.

high-context communication.

QUESTION 52

1.The feelings of anxiety and tension caused by the inability to adapt in a new country are known as:

acculturative stress

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

Immigrant Anxiety

Acculturation

QUESTION 53

1.The individuals who are able hold on to their own values, beliefs, and culture, while learning and adapting to their host culture are called _______________,

assimilationists

marginalists

separationists

integrationists

QUESTION 54

1.The research findings of the Clark & Clark (1939) doll study played a crucial role in which of the following Supreme Court decisions?

Loving v. Virginia

Plessy v. Ferguson

Brown v. Board of Education

Roe v. Wade

QUESTION 55

1.The term culture is typically used in everyday language to refer to all of the following EXCEPT:

regular or expected behaviors of a particular group.

different types of music, art, and dance.

Food, clothing, history, and traditions.

Genetic determinants of behavior.

QUESTION 56

1.When someone learns a second language that does not replace his/her original language, this is called

additive bilingualism.

subtractive bilingualism.

language attrition.

native bilingualism.

QUESTION 57

1.Which of the following best defines descriptive culture?

The specific behaviors and activities associated with a culture.

The rules that govern the behavior of a particular group.

The specific attitudes and beliefs associated with a culture

A group’s heritage and traditions.

QUESTION 58

1.Which of the following is the first stage of “Nigrescence?”

Encounter

Immersion-Emersion

Pre-Enounter

Internalization

QUESTION 59

1.Which psychologist(s) developed a theory of multicultural counseling and therapy (MCT)?

Sue, Ivey, and Pedersen

Sigmund Freud

Kohlberg and Gilligan

David Reimer

QUESTION 60

1.Which stage in the process of “nigrescence” is the stage where individuals experience some significant or startling event that forces them to re-evaluate their previous ideas about race?

Encounter

Immersion/Emersion

Pre-encounter

Internalization

QUESTION 61

1.Which term refers to the tendency for people to use their culture as the standard for evaluation others?

False consensus effect

Psychological reactance

Values-Belief Fallacy

Ethnocentrism

QUESTION 62

1.________ is when an individual extols the virtues of another person in public.

Loss of face

Giving face

Shame saving

Guilt saving

QUESTION 63

1.__________ is a movement that believes that only “good genes” should be passed from generation to generation and that “undesirable” groups should be prevented from reproducing.

ethnical psychology

structuralism

popular genetics

eugenics

QUESTION 64

1.__________ refers to critical incidents where people from different cultural, ethnic, or linguistic backgrounds come into social contact with each other.

Culture contact

Ethnical psychology

Ethnocentrism

Introspection

QUESTION 65

1.___________ usually considered their move before they made the decision, and the move may be based on their desire to “do better” for their families.

Immigrants

Refugees

Residents

Expatriots

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