OB Behavioral Concepts 101

Question 1 (1 point)
Explicit knowledge is what employees can typically learn only through experience.

Question 1 options:
1) True
2) False
Question 2 (1 point)
The entire process of reinforcement is a continuous cycle, and the repetition of behaviors is strengthened to the degree that reinforcement continues to occur.

Question 2 options:
1) True
2) False
Question 3 (1 point)
For positive reinforcement to be successful, an employee needs to see a direct link between his or her behavior and the desired outcome.

Question 3 options:
1) True
2) False
Question 4 (1 point)
Research shows that desired behaviors tend to disappear much more quickly when reinforcement is discontinued under fixed plans.

Question 4 options:
1) True
2) False
Question 5 (1 point)
Those with a performance-prove orientation focus on demonstrating their competence so that others will not think poorly of them.

Question 5 options:
1) True
2) False
Question 6 (1 point)
The rational decision-making model assumes that people are very rarely perfectly rational.

Question 6 options:
1) True
2) False
Question 7 (1 point)
Social identity theory holds that people identify themselves by the groups to which they belong and perceive and judge others by their group memberships.

Question 7 options:
1) True
2) False
Question 8 (1 point)
Framing is the tendency to judge things erroneously based on a reference that is near to them.

Question 8 options:
1) True
2) False
Question 9 (1 point)
Learning has a weak positive effect on commitment.

Question 9 options:
1) True
2) False
Question 10 (1 point)
Transfer of training occurs when the knowledge, skills, and behaviors used on the job are maintained by the learner once training ends and generalized to the workplace once the learner returns to the job.

Question 10 options:
1) True
2) False
Question 11 (1 point)
_____ knowledge is not easily communicated but could very well be the most important aspect of what we learn in organizations.

Question 11 options:

1)

Book-based

2)

Direct

3)

Explicit

4)

Tacit

5)

Documented
Question 12 (1 point)
Which of the following is a characteristic of tacit knowledge?

Question 12 options:

1)

Transferability through written communication

2)

Existence as general information

3)

Ability to be learned through books

4)

Highly personal nature

5)

Existence as conscious and accessible information
Question 13 (1 point)
Tacit knowledge _____.

Question 13 options:

1)

is based on experience

2)

involves conscious and accessible information

3)

can be learned through books

4)

exists as general information

5)

is easily transferred through written communication
Question 14 (1 point)
Vincent has worked at The Shadows restaurant for several years and in the restaurant industry for almost 30 years. He can’t really explain it, but he “just knows” which applicants are the ones to hire. His intuition most likely comes from a high level of _____ that he has of the industry in general and this restaurant in particular.

Question 14 options:

1)

tacit knowledge

2)

extraneous knowledge

3)

early training

4)

continual reinforcement

5)

genetic knowledge
Question 15 (1 point)
Explicit knowledge _____.

Question 15 options:

1)

is highly personal in nature

2)

cannot be articulated to others

3)

is job and situation-specific

4)

contains conscious and accessible information

5)

is based on employees’ experience
Question 16 (1 point)
Which of these occurs when an unwanted outcome follows an unwanted behavior?

Question 16 options:

1)

Reverse discrimination

2)

Neutral reinforcement

3)

Punishment

4)

Extinction

5)

Positive reinforcement
Question 17 (1 point)
James is the new manager of operations at Springfield Motors. To his dismay, he finds the employees coming in late to work, taking long breaks, and behaving unprofessionally at their workstations. James decides to promote desirable work practices. He plans to introduce incentives for meeting the required targets but, at the same time, to withhold those incentives when employees’ are late, take long breaks, or behave unprofessionally. Identify the contingencies that James is planning to implement.

Question 17 options:

1)

Punishment and extinction

2)

Positive reinforcement and punishment

3)

Punishment and negative reinforcement

4)

Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement

5)

Negative reinforcement and extinction
Question 18 (1 point)
Jackson High School introduced a scholarship of $1,000 for students who maintain 100 percent attendance. This is an example of using _____.

Question 18 options:

1)

positive feedback

2)

negative feedback

3)

punishment

4)

extinction

5)

positive reinforcement
Question 19 (1 point)
_____ schedules are designed to reinforce behaviors at random points in time.

Question 19 options:

1)

Fixed ratio

2)

Variable interval

3)

Continuous

4)

Variable ratio

5)

Fixed interval
Question 20 (1 point)
Which schedule reinforces behaviors after a certain number of them have been exhibited?

Question 20 options:

1)

Continuous

2)

Variable interval

3)

Variable ratio

4)

Fixed ratio

5)

Fixed interval
Question 21 (1 point)
A salaried paycheck is an example of a _____ reinforcement schedule, whereas piece-rate pay is an example of a _____ reinforcement schedule.

Question 21 options:

1)

continuous; fixed interval

2)

fixed interval; fixed ratio

3)

variable ratio; variable interval

4)

variable interval; fixed ratio

5)

fixed ratio; continuous
Question 22 (1 point)
_____ theory argues that people in organizations have the ability to learn through the observation of others.

Question 22 options:

1)

Social learning

2)

Learning life cycle

3)

Bounded rationality

4)

Social identity

5)

Attribution
Question 23 (1 point)
________ does not always result in positive outcomes for the organization because employees who witness other employees not being punished for leaving early, taking long lunch breaks, and taking supplies home may engage in the same counterproductive activities.

Question 23 options:

1)

Behavioral modeling

2)

Continuous reinforcement

3)

Selective perception

4)

Production processes

5)

Goal orientation
Question 24 (1 point)
_____ decisions are decisions that become somewhat automatic because people’s knowledge allows them to recognize and identify a situation and the course of action that needs to be taken.

Question 24 options:

1)

Programmed

2)

Unstructured

3)

Indirect

4)

Spontaneous

5)

Surface
Question 25 (1 point)
The tendency of people to see their environment only as it affects them and as it is consistent with their expectations is called:

Question 25 options:

1)

social identification.

2)

selective perception.

3)

availability bias.

4)

environmental bias.

5)

thin-slicing.
Question 26 (1 point)
A(n) _____ occurs when assumptions are made about others on the basis of their membership in a social group.

Question 26 options:

1)

availability bias

2)

bandwagon effect

3)

social identity

4)

projection bias

5)

stereotype
Question 27 (1 point)
_____ are simple, efficient rules of thumb that allow us to make decisions more easily.

Question 27 options:

1)

Heuristics

2)

Perceptions

3)

Self-fulfilling prophecies

4)

Climates of transfer

5)

Attributions
Question 28 (1 point)
Albert is the manager of a large retail store, with the authority to hire employees. The store does not have a specialized human resource executive, and Albert himself conducts selection interviews. Albert has not received any training on selection and recruitment. Albert does not prepare in advance for interviews. He asks questions that come to his mind easily during interviews. He often finds that he does not hire good employees. This indicates _____.

Question 28 options:

1)

an availability bias

2)

the bandwagon effect

3)

a self-fulfilling prophecy

4)

a projection bias

5)

social identification processes
Question 29 (1 point)
About six months ago, Sally figured out that if she left her house in time to catch the early bus, she would not have to encounter her ex-husband on the way to work. As a result, Sally has been coming to work early. Her colleagues are under the impression that Sally is a hard-charging, ambitious person. Sally’s colleagues are subject to:

Question 29 options:

1)

self-serving bias.

2)

fundamental attribution error.

3)

anchoring error.

4)

illusion of control error.

5)

halo effect.
Question 30 (1 point)
Which of these occurs when the knowledge, skills, and behaviors used on the job are maintained by the learner once training ends and generalized to the workplace once the learner returns to the job?

Question 30 options:

1)

Heuristics

2)

Communities of practice

3)

Illusion of control

4)

Transfer of training

5)

Attribution anchoring

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