Biology Lab Activities: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Name: Date: Biology Lab Activities: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Background Questions Read through the Overview of Cells article on the Visible Body Biology Learn Site (https://www.visiblebody.com/learn/biology/cells/cell-overview). Based on what you’ve learned in class, in your textbook, from the Biology Learn Site article, and from using Visible Biology, answer the following questions about cells. 1. What are cells? 2. What are the main functions of cells? 3. Complete the following sentences about the two main types of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. a. ____________ cells include bacteria and archaea. b. ____________ cells are found in animals, plants, fungi, and protists. c. Prokaryotes are made up of ____________, whereas eukaryotes are made up of ____________. 1 Name: Date: Lab 1: Prokaryotic Cell Structure and Functions Activity 1: Label a bacterial cell 1. Launch the view ○ Launch Visible Biology. ○ Navigate to Study/Lab Activities, and find the Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Lab section. ○ Select view 1. Bacterial Cell. 2. Label the image below ○ Explore the 3D model of the bacterial cell to find the structures you need to label. ○ Fill in the blanks to label the structures from the list below. Word List: Capsule Cell wall Fimbria ____ ____ ____ Flagellum Nucleoid Pilus ____ ____ ____ Plasma membrane Plasmid Ribosome ____ ____ ____ 2 Name: Date: Lab 1: Prokaryotic Cell Structure and Functions Activity 2: Explore the functions of bacterial cell structures Refer to your labeled bacterial cell from Activity 1 and the content in Visible Biology. Based on what you’ve learned about bacterial cells, match each of the following bacterial cell structures with its description. Structures: a. Flagella b. Cell wall c. Fimbriae d. Capsule e. Plasma membrane f. Ribosomes g. Nucleoid h. Pili i. Plasmid Descriptions: ____ A membrane that encloses the cell’s cytoplasm ____ Short projections that allow the cell to transfer DNA to other cells ____ A rigid, chemically complex structure that protects the cell and maintains its shape ____ A small, circular DNA molecule ____ A coating that attaches the cell to surfaces or other cells ____ A region that contains most of the cell’s DNA ____ Long projections that move the cell through its liquid surroundings ____ Short projections that attach the cell to substrate or other cells ____ Structures in the cell that synthesize proteins 3 Name: Date: Lab 2: Eukaryotic Cell Structure and Functions Activity 3: Compare animal and plant cells Refer to your labeled animal and plant cells from Activities 1 and 2, as well as the models in Visible Biology, to help you answer the following questions comparing animal and plant cells. 1. As you labeled the animal and plant cells, you probably noticed that they share many of the same structures, and they each have some unique structures. In the following table, list the two unique structures of animal cells and the four unique structures of plant cells. Animal Cells Plant Cells 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 2. The cytoskeleton of animal cells includes three types of proteins, and the cytoskeleton of plant cells includes two types of proteins. a. They both include ____________ and ____________. b. What type of protein is only included in animal cells? 3. In this lab, you’ve identified the shared and unique structures that make up animal and plant cells. These structures carry out the many essential functions of animal and plant cells. In the table below, list the shared and unique animal and plant cell structures involved in each of the four essential functions listed in the first column of the table. 8 Essential Functions Shared Animal & Plant Cell Structures Unique Plant Cell Structures DNA Storage & Replication 1. 2. 1. Protein Synthesis 1. 2. 3. 4. Energy Processing 1. 1. Support & Movement 1. 2. 1. 2. Need some help filling out the table above? Here are some hints: ● Animal and plant cells share two structures that play a role in DNA storage and replication. ● Plant cells have one unique structure that plays a role in DNA storage and replication. ● Animal and plant cells share four structures that play a role in protein synthesis. ● Animal and plant cells share one structure that plays a role in energy processing. ● Plant cells have one unique structure that plays a role in energy processing. ● Animal and plant cells have two shared structures that support and move the cell. ● Plant cells have two unique structures that support the cell. 4. Which animal and plant cell organelles are responsible for digestion, detoxification, and the breakdown of large molecules? 9
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