Astronomy lab
Telescope Simulator Activity For this activity, you need to access the following simulator: https://astro.unl.edu/classaction/animations/telescopes/telescope10.html Note that there are two major variables in the simulator: Aperture and Eyepiece Define each of these terms as they relate to telescopes (use your astronomy book or the internet): Aperture Eyepiece – Procedure 1 – View the Moon During this procedure, you will quantitatively (writing down numbers) and conceptually describe (eg. Brighter, dimmer, smaller, larger, sharper, blurrier, or no change) how changing the aperture size affects LGP (Light Gathering Power), Resolution (ability to see fine detail), Magnification, Field of View, while leaving the eyepiece size the same. Fill out the following table (Set the eyepiece size to 40mm. Do not change it. Note: you may need to refocus each time): Aperture Size LGP 4-inch 6-inch 8-inch Resoultion (in arc-secs) Magnification Field of View (in o) Conceptually Describe how changing the aperture size (with the same eyepiece) affected each of the following: a. LGP (Light Gathering Power) b. Resolution (fine detail) c. Magnification d. Field of View Procedure 2 – View the Moon During this procedure, you will quantitatively (writing down numbers) and conceptually describe (eg. Brighter, dimmer, smaller, larger, sharper, blurrier, or no change) how changing the eyepiece size affects LGP (Light Gathering Power), Resolution (fine detail), Magnification, Field of View, while leaving the aperture size the same. Fill out the following table (Set the aperture size to 8-inch. Do not change it. Note: you may need to refocus each time): Eyepiece Size LGP Resoultion (in arc-secs) Magnification Field of View (in o) 10 mm 20 mm 40 mm Conceptually Describe how changing the eyepiece size (with the same aperture) affected each of the following: e. LGP (Light Gathering Power) f. Resolution (fine detail) g. Magnification h. Field of View Procedure 3 – Graphing and Proportionalities (Attach your graphs to the end of the lab). For each graph, include: 1. Title 2. Axes Labels with units if possible 3. Data points 4. Smooth line through the points indicating relationship between them Sample Hypothetical Graph (These are not real data points) 1. For procedure 1, create quick graphs of each (4 graphs total): a. b. c. d. 2. Aperture size (horizontal axis) vs. LGP (vertical axis) Aperture size (horizontal axis) vs. Resolution (vertical axis) Aperture size (horizontal axis) vs. Magnification (vertical axis) Aperture size (horizontal axis) vs. Field of View (FOV) (vertical axis) For procedure 2, create quick graphs of each (4 graphs total): a. b. c. d. Eyepiece size (horizontal axis) vs. LGP (vertical axis) Eyepiece size (horizontal axis) vs. Resolution (vertical axis) Eyepiece size (horizontal axis) vs. Magnification (vertical axis) Eyepiece size (horizontal axis) vs. Field of View (FOV) (vertical axis) You may use the graphing tool from your Kepler’s Laws Lab if you would like: http://thephysicsaviary.com/Physics/Programs/Tools/Graphing/ Proportionalities We can describe HOW relationships between INPUT (eg. Changing eyepiece or changing aperture) and OUTPUT (how LGP, resolution, magnification, and field of view) change (if they did at all) by using proportionalities. Two main comparisons of observed changes can be described as 1. Direct, and 2. Inverse. Two variables (things we can change and things that may change as a result) can be described as directly, or inversely proportional. For example: – Inverse Proportionality The more food you buy at the store in a given week (input), the less you have in your account at the end of the week (output). Given that you only have $20/week to spend on gas, the more expensive gas costs per gallon (input), the less gas you will end up with in your tank (output). These examples illustrate INVERSE proportionality, typically written symbolically as: With INVERSE relationships, if the input increases, the output decreases, and vice versa. You would say that “A is inversely proportional to B”. Give two of your own examples of an inverse relationship: Direct Proportionality – The harder you throw a baseball (keeping the angle the same), the farther it will travel. The longer you practice the same passage in a musical piece, the better you will become at performing that passage. These examples illustrate DIRECT proportionality, typically written symbolically as: With DIRECT relationships, if the input increases, the output also increases, and vice versa. You would say that “A is directly proportional to B”. Give two of your own examples of an inverse relationship: Procedure 4 – Analysis Analysis I Based on the variables given and results (graphical, tabular, and conceptual) produced in this simulator, in complete sentences, describe any clear relationship (be sure to include direct and inverse in your answer – or no clear relationship if applicable) between aperture size and: a. Magnification b. LGP c. Resolution d. Field of View Analysis II – Based on the variables given and results (graphical, tabular, and conceptual) produced in this simulator, in complete sentences, describe any clear relationship (be sure to include direct and inverse in your answer – or no clear relationship if applicable) between eyepiece size and: a. Magnification b. LGP c. Resolution d. Field of View Use what you have learned from this activity to answer the following questions: 1. You are observing a distant nebula on campus. Most lights are off, but there is still some surrounding light pollution. You only have the option to use the campus 8” Dobsonian (reflector) telescope. You have many eyepieces to choose from. What could you do to make your image brighter (if you can)? 2. You want to snap a picture of the full moon with your camera phone through the eyepiece of your either your 8” Dobsonian or 4” refracting telescope. You want to get a really sharp image (great detail), and have the entire moon fit in the eyepiece. Give an example (using sizes of eyepieces and apertures from this lab) of a best-case set-up. a. Which telescope will you use, and which eyepiece will you choose? Explain. b. Is there a limiting factor on eyepiece size for what you are trying to accomplish? Explain. Attach Graphs Here
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