References: At least two references from academic sources must be included (e.g., peer-reviewed journal articles).
References: At least two references from academic sources must be included (e.g., peer-reviewed journal articles). You may use any required readings from this module for your two references. Quoted material should not exceed 10% of the total paper (since the focus of these assignments is critical thinking). Use your own words and build on the ideas of others. When material is copied verbatim from external sources, it MUST be enclosed in quotes. The references should be cited within the text and listed at the end of the assignment in the References section (APA formatting recommended).
Organization: Subheadings should be used to organize your paper according to question.
Format: APA formatting
Part 1
ODDS RATIO, RELATIVE RISK, AND ANOVA
Calculate the Odds ratios (OR) and the Relative Risk (RR) from the provided dataset (ATTACHED). Calculate the OR for diabetes (outcome) with a family history of diabetes (exposure). Calculate the RR for allergies (outcome) with a family history of allergies (exposure). Write up sentences to interpret the OR and RR that is calculated. Show your calculations and discuss the significance of each. Make sure to include Hill’s Criteria in discussions of potential causality. Given the 95% Confidence Interval, can you determine if the result is statistically significant?
Odds Ratio and 95% CI Calculator
http://easycalculation.com/statistics/odds-ratio.p…
Relative Risk Calculator
http://easycalculation.com/statistics/relative-ris…
Length: SLP Assignment should be 2 pages in length.
References
Davies, H.T.O., Crombie, I.K., and Tavakoli, M. (1998). When can odds ratios mislead? BMJ, 316. Retrieved from http://www.bmj.com/content/316/7136/989
Explorable. Statistical correlation. Retrieved from http://explorable.com/statistical-correlation
Frick, K.D., Milligan, R.A., and Pugh, L.C. (2011). Calculating and interpreting the odds ratio. American Nurse Today, 6(3). Retrieved from https://americannursetoday.com/calculating-and-int…
MedCalc. (2016). Relative risk, risk difference and odds ratio. Retrieved from https://www.medcalc.org/manual/relativerisk_oddsra…
National Science Digital Library’s Computation Science Education Research Desk. (2016). Correlation coefficients. Retrieved from http://www.shodor.org/interactivate/discussions/Co…
Sabo, D.W. (2003). Relative risk and the odds ratio. Retrieved from http://commons.bcit.ca/math/faculty/david_sabo/app…
Schneider, R. A. (2010). Chpt 10 t-test and one-way analysis of variance. pp. 72-77 (section on ANOVA) in Basic statistics for social workers, revised edition. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group. Retrieved from Trident University Library.
Simple Interactive Statistical Analysis. Correlations. Retrieved from http://www.quantitativeskills.com/sisa/statistics/…
StatSoft. (2016). ANOVA/MANOVA. Retrieved from http://www.statsoft.com/textbook/anova-manova/?but…
Spicer, J. (2005). Multivariate analysis of variance. In Making sense multivariate data (pp. 152-179). SAGE Publications, Inc. Available in the Trident Library.
Part 2
UNIVARIATE VS. BIVARIATE ANALYSES AND REGRESSION
Interpret the two models that appear below, and address the following additional questions as they pertain to each.
Diabetes (1 unit) = 1.3 + 2.4 (BMI) + 2.3 (family history diabetes) + 1.7 (gender) + 1.4 (age) + 1.7 (race) + 2.6 (income) + 3.4 (height), p<0.05
Allergies = 4.5 + 3.8 (Family History Allergies) + 2.1 (gender) + 1.4 (age) + 0.8 (race) + 1.5 (weight), p<0.05
What about confounding? Which of the variables are potential confounders?
Compare and contrast matching on potential confounders versus including them in a regression model.
Length: SLP assignments should be 2 pages in length.
References
Barrat, H. & Kirwan, M. (2009) Confounding, interactions, methods for assessment of effect modification.Health Knowledge. Retrieved from http://www.healthknowledge.org.uk/public-health-te…
DeLong, E., Li, L., & Cook, A., (2014). Pairing matching vs.stratification in cluster – Randomized trial. NIH Collaboratory
Lowry, R. (2016). Simple logistical regression. VassarStats: Website for Statistical Computation. http://www.vassarstats.net/logreg1.html
McDonald, J. H. (2014). Logistic Regression. In Handbook of Biological Statistics.Retrieved from http://www.biostathandbook.com/simplelogistic.html
National Library of Medicine. (n.d). Dependent and Independent Variables. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/stats_tutorial/sect…
National Science Digital Library’s Computation Science Education Research Desk. (2016). Univariate data and bivariate data. Retrieved from http://www.shodor.org/interactivate/discussions/Un…
National Science Digital Library’s Computation Science Education Research Desk. (2016). Graphing and interpreting bivariate data. Retrieved from http://www.shodor.org/interactivate/discussions/Gr…
Public Health Action Support Team (PHAST). (2020). Role of chance, bias and confounding in epidemiological studies. https://www.healthknowledge.org.uk/e-learning/epid…
Schneider, R. A. (2010). Chpt 10 t-test and one-way analysis of variance. pp. 72-77 (section on ANOVA) in Basic statistics for social workers, revised edition. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group. Retrieved from Trident University Library.
VanderWeele, T. J. (2012). Confounding and effect modification: Distribution and measure. Epidemiologic Methods, 1(1), 55-82. Retrieved from Trident University Library.
Wunsch, G. (2007). Confounding and control. Demographic Research, 16, 97-120. Retrieved from Trident University Library.
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