Reply to discussions
First: according to the Public Assistance Program and Policy Guide (PAPPG), the Public Assistance Program is described as a program to assist State, local, Territorial, or Tribal governments and certain types of non-profit organizations. It intends to assist communities with quick responses and to help recover from disasters or emergencies declared by the President of The United States (FEMA, 2020, Public Assistance Program and Policy Guide, page 17, para. 1). The University of Tennessee at Martin is eligible for the FEMA Public Assistance Program according to the Private Nonprofit eligible critical services guidelines (FEMA, 2020, Public Assistance Program and Policy Guide, page 45, table 1). It is my understanding that a university is eligible for emergency protective measures to prevent further safety hazards or injuries and debris removal. Permanent restoration is possible but requires approval based on many factors. I do not think that the state of Tennessee would receive FEMA funding for building repair and replacement according to the PAPPG. The Triple-A model is directed toward people managing disaster donations to assist them in understanding the supply chain and how to adapt to that supply chain. According to Nelan (et al. 2022), the Triple A model focuses on agility, adaptability, and alignment of supply chains and how that correlates with success. It was originally focused on commercial supply chains but has transitioned to be effective in disaster supply chains. I believe FEMA should only assist in the cost of debris cleanup to reduce hazards and injuries once it rises to the level that TEMA or state agencies do not have adequate resources or funding. In that event, the Governor would be filing for an emergency or disaster declaration. It would be difficult to determine the extent of assistance needed so it should be on a case-by-case basis. I think a community should invest in its recovery and utilize all available nonprofit or volunteer relief organizations to achieve that. The issue I see is either way, the taxpayers are paying for it whether it be at the federal level or locally through increased taxes. Federal Emergency Management Agency (2020, June 1). Public assistance program and policy guide (4th ed.). United States Department of Homeland Security. Nelan, M. M., Penta, S., Wachtendorf, T., & Holguín-Veras, J. (2022). The point of no return: Adaptation strategies in disaster donation supply chains. Natural Hazards Review, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)nh.1527-6996.0000528 Second: 1) FEMA’s public assistance program is a program through the federal government that provides grants and aid to communities in response to natural disasters and emergencies that are declared by the President. According to FEMAs website, assistance is granted to some non-profits, states, tribal territories, and local government agencies. There are four eligibility components laid out that are applicants, facilities, work, and cost. I currently work for the University of Tennessee at Martin and we are eligible for FEMA assistance. The University of Tennessee is a state system who receives state funding. As such, FEMA is allowed to step in and assist in emergencies if needed. In the UT Martin Emergency Response Plan, FEMA is listed as one of the agencies who may assist in emergencies. Under the FEMA category in the emergency response plan, the list of FEMA directors for the area is outlined, with their contact information. UTM is eligible to receive assistance with administration and resource planning, environmental assistance, and funding. 2) The Triple A model pertains to supply chains in areas after a disaster has struck. Triple A stands for adaptability, alignment, and agility. These attributes correlate to the effectiveness of supply chains for businesses. Originally, this was developed for commercial chains; however, recently it has been noted that agility and alignment can affect multiple organizations at a time. Adaptability is the ability to adjust the supply chain to adhere to shifts in the market, as well as to modify strategies and products. This is important in disaster relief, as an influx of donations can be a sort of supply chain. As the article mentions, these donations can be a sort of unpredictable instance. As such, it is critical that the influx of donations can be sorted and distributed properly to avoid miscommunications and to ensure all goods are distributed as fairly and effectively as possible. 3) Yes, I do think FEMA (taxpayers) should take on the costs of being able to help small communities. Had this been asked to me a couple years ago, my answer might have been different, but after the tornado that went through Mayfield in 2021, I am more confident in my answer now. Storms and natural disasters are unpredictable. As such, you never know when assistance might be needed. Many people have the mindset of “that would never happen in my town”. I will be the first to say, it sure can. As such, Mayfield would not have been able to recover as fast and efficiently as it had, had it not been for agencies like FEMA. Due to this, I think taxpayers should take on this responsibility. Additionally, there are worse things that taxes are spent on each year; by having agencies like FEMA be funded, it is more guaranteed that taxes are being used for surefire assistance, rather than something controversial. Nelan, M.M., Penta, S., Wachtendorf, T., & Holguin-Veras, J. (2022). The Point of No Return: Adaptation Strategies in Disaster Donation Supply Chains. American Society of Civil Engineers, 23(1), 1-8. Federal Emergency Management Agency. (n.d.). Assistance for Governments and Private Non-Profits After a Disaster. https://www.fema.gov/assistance/publicLinks to an external site. Tennessee Department of Military. (n.d.). Public Assistance. https://www.tn.gov/tema/recover/publicassistance.html#:~:text=The%20Federal%20Emergency%20Management%20Agency,emergen cies%20declared%20by%20the%20PresidentLinks to an external site.. University of Tennessee at Martin. (2023, August). Emergency Response Plan. https://www.utm.edu/offices-and-services/environmental-health-andsafety/_media/Emergency%20Response%20Plan%20-%20MASTER_Media%20Version.pdf
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