Environmental Science Question
January 19, 2024 Monty Dale Country Physiographic Description Africa Climate Economics of Agriculture The African climate is diverse as different regions may have varying climate types, including tropical dry and wet, equatorial, tropical monsoon, desert, semiarid, subtropical highland, and humid subtropical. The tropical dry and wet climate is often experienced in East Africa and is made up of the dry and wet season. The equatorial climate occurs in Central Africa and it features humidity, high temperatures, and heavy seasonal rainfall. On the other hand, the tropical monsoon climate is often experienced in West Africa and features a wet and dry season. Also, the African climate is characterized by a desert climate is prevalent in North Africa regions and it features low rainfall with high temperatures. The African climate also has a semi-arid climate which is seen in some parts in North Africa and it involves intense heat and low rains. Additionally, the African climate has a subtropical highland climate, which is cooler and wetter in high attitude areas. The other African Climate is the humid subtropical climate in South Africa regions and it includes mild winters and hot summers. Typically, the African climate varies depending on the region, with some having more rainfall than others. Agriculture is a major economic activity in Africa, where it contributes to approximately 35% of the area’s GDP and sustains the way of life for over 50% of the continent’s population. In Sub Saharan Africa the sector is dominated by small holders producing mainly for subsistence and average farm size in region if very small. Agriculture in Africa is socioeconomically huge since more than 60% of the sub-Saharan African population are small-holding farmers. Sub Saharan Africa produces about 23% of its GDP from agriculture. The agriculture sector of Africa is the least developed in terms of labor and land productivity across the globe. The value added per worker in agriculture is around 25% of the world’s average, and less than a third of the global mean. The industry is mainly trapped in subsistence farming, with low levels of production agriculture intensity. Arable land and permanent crops cover approximately 6% of the total African land. Agriculture Biomes and Ecosystems Africa has different ecosystems and biomes that include Mediterranean forests, mangroves, montane grasslands, deserts, savannas, and mountains. One of the most important biomes in Africa is found to be a tropical rainforest with abounding greenery. Agriculture requires the savanna biome, as it offers fertile lands and favorable climate conditions for planting crops or raising animals. Seafood and other marine edibles are best produced in coastal regions. Forest biomes, such as rainforests and woodlands in Africa are critical for forestry purposes, while preserving the Mediterranean biome is a necessity to protect its native flora and fauna from spillover invasions. The ecological and economic significance of African biomes cannot be overemphasized. They provide a diversity of services including tourism, agriculture, forestry and fisheries. These biomes clearly demonstrate Africa’s rich biodiversity. Soils Africa is characterized by a variety of soils that include; the saline and sodium rich soils, vertisols histosols, ferralsol, nitosal, acrisol, arenosol, cambison, and lithiosl. 40% of Africa’s soil is dry. This means that the soils have very low organic matter and poor moisture levels. African soil properties have been analyzed utilizing 30 m spatial resolution incorporating various technologies. Ferrasols tend to occur in the tropical zones chiefly central Africa. These soils are nutrient poor as most of these minerals remain immobilized on biomass hence, plants cannot absorb them. Aridisols are characteristically acidic and consist of incompletely weathered rocks. But most of the soil types in Africa are sandy and arid, rendering them for little productivity on any meaningful scale. https://tourismteacher.com/africa-biomes/ https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC91922 https://theconversation.com/africas-agribusiness-sector-should-drive-the-continents-economic-developmentfive-reasons-why-198796 https://www.statista.com/statistics/1356934/primary-crop-production-volume-in-africa-by-group/ https://www.twinkl.com/teaching-wiki/weather-in-africa Agriculture is the major economic activity in Africa. This industry comprises about twothirds of the workforce on the continent and it contributes 30 to 60 percentage points from gross domestic product and value added. These are major crops produced in Africa, such as cereals that include corn, wheat, and rice, which is cultivated almost on all ecological zones. Other important crops are roots and tubers which claim the largest production share. The largest producer in the continent is Nigeria. Africa also produces fruits, sugar crops, and vegetables. The major cereal producers are Ethiopia, Nigeria, Egypt, and South Africa. The African continent can not only supply food to itself but also the world as a whole.
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