please comment each post separately . and put reference to each post
please comment each post separately . and put reference to each post
1.Iron is essential to the body because it helps make hemoglobin for the body’s red blood cells, which will carry oxygen in the bloodstream to be distributed throughout the body. A deficiency in iron creates anemia, which will cause the body not to produce enough hemoglobin, which causes a reduction in oxygen throughout the body. The signs and symptoms of iron toxicity include constant fatigue, “it can be corrosive to the GI lining, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and hematemesis.” (“Iron Toxicity: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology,” 2020)
Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin that is important to the body because it forms nutrients that help the body “form blood vessels, cartilage, muscle, and collagen bones” (Mayo Clinic staff, 2020). Water-soluble vitamins are brought to the tissues of the body and are not stored. Due to their water solubility, any excess amounts of this vitamin are carried through the kidneys and excreted out of the urine. It is essential to the body because if a patient injures themselves, this vitamin will aid in the repair of tissues. Due to the body excreting vitamin C, it is hard to create toxicity; however, some symptoms you would see are “diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, heartburn, abdominal cramps and headaches.” (Zeratsky, 2020)
Micronutrients help in the prevention of disease because most nutrients, such as “vitamins A, D, C, E, B6, B12, folate, zinc, and iron,” help support the immune system and provide barriers that protect the body, such as the skin and mucus membranes. For example, the skin protects the body’s internal organs against extreme temperatures, chemicals, harmful sun exposure, and bacteria. The specific vitamins that help our skin stay intact are Vitamin C, biotin, and vitamin D.
2. Micronutrients include vitamins and minerals that are important to healthy development and well-being. Micronutrients are needed in smaller amounts than macronutrients, but deficiencies can have devastating consequences. Vitamins are organic elements that are involved in enzymatic reactions by acting as catalysts for metabolic functions in the body. Minerals are inorganic elements that are used in metabolic exchanges at the cellular level. There are both major and trace minerals. (Holman et al., 2019)
One commonly known trace mineral is iron. Iron is needed for growth and development. The body needs iron to make hemoglobin, which is an important part of RBCs that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body, and myoglobin, which provides oxygen to muscles. Iron can come from recycled unused iron on dying RBCs and from food. Animal products provide heme and nonheme iron, while plant-based or iron-fortified foods only provide nonheme iron. The heme iron has higher bioavailability than nonheme iron. The body absorbs iron better with vitamin C. If someone does not get enough iron, there may not be obvious symptoms because the body can use its stored iron. Once the stored iron levels become low, iron deficiency known as anemia, occurs. Symptoms of iron deficiency include GI upset, weakness, fatigue, lack of energy, and difficulty with concentration and memory. Large amounts of iron can be harmful and lead to organ failure, coma, convulsions, and death. The upper limit for iron from all sources is 45 mg for adults 19 and older. Keeping adequate levels of iron is important in the prevention of anemia. (Office of Dietary Supplements – Iron, 2023)
There are 13 essential vitamins and vitamin is one of them. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps the body absorb calcium and phosphorus and assists in bone mineralization. Vitamin D can come from a few food sources such as fatty fish, eggs, and fortified food products. Vitamin D is also made in the body when the skin is exposed to sunlight. Deficiency in Vitamin D causes rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. High levels of vitamin D can be harmful and cause nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness, confusion, pain, loss of appetite, dehydration, polyuria, and kidney stones. In extremely high levels vitamin D can lead to kidney failure, irregular heartbeat, and even death. The upper limit for vitamin D for adults 19 and older is 100 mcg. Interestingly, the upper limits for vitamin D include intake from all sources except the sun because the skin limits the amount of vitamin D it makes. Keeping adequate levels of vitamin D is important in maintaining healthy bones and preventing osteoporosis. (Office of Dietary Supplements – Vitamin D, 2022)
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