Focus on Integrative and Collaborative Care



This is a graded discussion: 5 points possible due Jan 12 at 1:59am

Week 2 – Discussion 24 25

Your initial discussion thread is due on Day 3 (Thursday) and you have until Day 7 (Monday) to respond to your

classmates. Your grade will reflect both the quality of your initial post and the depth of your responses. Refer to

the Discussion Forum Grading Rubric under the Settings icon above for guidance on how your discussion will

be evaluated.

Focus on Integrative and Collaborative Care

Prior to beginning work on this discussion forum, be certain to have read all the required resources for this week.

The collaborative practice of clinicians across disciplines requires a shared language, appreciation of diagnostic and therapeutic paradigms, and recognition of appropriate roles within the health care team. This collaborative environment is at the heart of a health care system that utilizes the skills and expertise of all its team members in appropriate and extended roles. This model of care delivery is often called integrated care (IC) or collaborative care (CC). Although this model is endorsed by many professional societies and agencies, the CC/IC care delivery model can fail due to multiple factors.

In your initial post, consider the clinical partnerships that result within the CC/IC delivery model. Integrating concepts developed from different content domains in psychology, address the following questions.

How might health care teams achieve therapeutic goals for individual clients? How does this support health literacy? What factors might lead to the failure of the CC/IC delivery model? How might lack of acceptance of the value or viability of the CC/IC model by stakeholders, lack of awareness of the clinical competencies of various members of the team, barriers to financial reimbursement for services, and lack of integration of support services within the practice cause a breakdown in efficacy?

1/11/24, 7:53 PM Page 1 of 54

 Reply

integration of support services within the practice cause a breakdown in efficacy? What supportive interventions within the CC/IC model address such issues?

In addition, consider how successful health care models assume an understanding of each profession’s competencies and responsibilities. For example, primary care providers (PCPs) are sometimes unaware of the abilities and practice scope of psychology professionals.

Identify methods of targeted intervention and education for PCPs that might alleviate potential issues for the CC/IC model. Explain how the APA Ethical Code of Conduct can be used to guide decisions in these complex situations. Evaluate and comment on the potential work settings where you might find the CC/IC model. In what ways might this model provide more job satisfaction?

Guided Response: Review several of your colleagues’ posts and respond to at least two of your peers by 11:59 p.m. on Day 7 of the week. You are encouraged to post your required replies earlier in the week to promote more meaningful interactive discourse in this discussion.

Search entries or author Unread    Subscribe

(https://uagc.instructure.com/courses/126929/users/329250)Rachael Herman (she/her/hers) (https://uagc.instructure.com/courses/126929/users/329250) Jan 3, 2024

CLICK TO EXPAND / COLLAPSE



Hi everyone,

For this weeks post the following questions will be answered:

How might health care teams achieve therapeutic goals for individual clients?

1/11/24, 7:53 PM Page 2 of 54

Having a health care team is a way to treat the whole person and not just a list of symptoms. It is a way to save cost, time, and resources. When specialties communicate and work together to schedule patients on the same day, and sharing results of images, labs, and charts then there can be a more human centered way to treat.

How does this support health literacy?

With the holistic model of integrative health care, there is the ability to have the client play a more active role in their health and wellbeing. This system promotes comprehensive understanding so that the clients can be more informed about their care. There is a emphasis client education with providers taking the time to explain why each specialty is recommended.

What factors might lead to the failure of the CC/IC delivery model?

Failure in the delivery could happen due to a multitude of factors, such as poor communication between practices. The accessibility of services in where the client lives or where they go for treatment. Providers can be lacking in training or understanding of the importance of integrative care. Cost is also a factor as medical care in America is run by insurance companies and that makes it so that if one can not afford care they will tend to forgo treatment rather than go into debt for medical care.

How might lack of acceptance of the value or viability of the CC/IC model by stakeholders, lack of awareness of the clinical competencies of various members of the team, barriers to financial reimbursement for services, and lack of integration of support services within the practice cause a breakdown in efficacy?

This can be a barrier of accessibility. If there is not an understanding of the need then there can be a denial of this sort of care. This would make it so that this kind of care is only offered where it is accepted.

Identify methods of targeted intervention and education for PCPs that might alleviate potential issues for the CC/IC model.

Continuing of medical education would be a great place to start. Continually teaching providers how to work within the integrative care model. Having the networks established within the systems on the foundational level, not individual provider level.

1/11/24, 7:53 PM Page 3 of 54

established within the systems on the foundational level, not individual provider level. Providers doing research to understand the needs of their clients more. And having the resources and tools that can make this model successful.

Explain how the APA Ethical Code of Conduct can be used to guide decisions in these complex situations.

There would be the need for informed consent, following privacy guidelines, and maintaining confidentiality.

Evaluate and comment on the potential work settings where you might find the CC/IC model. In what ways might this model provide more job satisfaction?

Within a hospital. The way this can provide more job satisfaction is, you get to follow your clients and see their progression to wellness, as well as one specialty is not attending to the client solo. They know that they do not have the tools to help in all aspects, so knowing you can share the care can have positive results.

What supportive interventions within the CC/IC model address such issues?

Team communication and collaborations can be a way to help this model to be successful.

Thank you for your time,

Rachael Herman.

Resources:

American Psychological Association. (2010). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct: http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx (http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx)

Auxier, A., Farley, T., & Seifert, K. (2011). Establishing an integrated care practice in a community health center (http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx? direct=true&authtype=shib&custid=s8856897&db=pdh&an=2011-19049-001&site=ehost- live) . Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 42(5), 391–397. doi:10.1037/a0024982

London, L. H., Watson, E. C., & Berger, J. (2013). An integrated primary care

1/11/24, 7:53 PM Page 4 of 54

 Reply

London, L. H., Watson, E. C., & Berger, J. (2013). An integrated primary care approach to help children B-HIP! (http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx? direct=true&authtype=shib&custid=s8856897&db=pdh&an=2013-20877-007&site=ehost- live) Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology, 1(2), 196–200. doi:10.1037/cpp0000014

(https://uagc.instructure.com/courses/126929/users/122746)Trennan Perez (https://uagc.instructure.com/courses/126929/users/122746) Tuesday

CLICK TO EXPAND / COLLAPSE

 Reply



Hi Rachael,

Your insights into the importance of health care teams and the integrative care model are valuable. Collaborative efforts among specialties can indeed lead to more holistic and patient-centered care, improving health literacy by involving patients in their own well-being. You've rightly identified potential challenges, such as poor communication and financial barriers, which can hinder the CC/IC model's effectiveness. Addressing these issues through ongoing provider education and system-level support networks is essential. The APA Ethical Code of Conduct's emphasis on informed consent, privacy, and confidentiality aligns with the ethical principles crucial in such complex healthcare settings. Moreover, the CC/IC model's potential to provide job satisfaction in a hospital setting, where multidisciplinary care can yield positive outcomes, is well noted. Effective team communication and collaboration are indeed key supportive interventions for this model's success. Thank you for sharing your insights on this important topic.

Best,

Trennan

CLICK TO EXPAND / COLLAPSE

1/11/24, 7:53 PM Page 5 of 54

(https://uagc.instructure.com/courses/126929/users/50987)Jacob Eder (https://uagc.instructure.com/courses/126929/users/50987) Yesterday



Excellent assessment, Rachel!

Rachael's post provides an insightful overview of the Collaborative Care (CC)/Integrated Care (IC) model in healthcare, addressing its benefits, challenges, and potential areas for improvement. Her analysis underscores the importance of holistic and integrated approaches in healthcare. Below, I will attempt to expand upon her points, correct any logical or substantive errors, and propose solutions.

1. Achieving Therapeutic Goals with Health Care Teams: Rachael correctly identifies the benefits of a health care team approach. Integrated care teams can indeed treat the whole person, leading to cost-effective and efficient care. A study by Mitchell et al. (2012) supports this, showing integrated care can improve health outcomes while reducing costs. Wherever, it’s important to also consider the challenges of team dynamics and communication. Ensuring effective collaboration among diverse professionals requires clear communication channels and mutual respect for each discipline's expertise (AHRQ, 2018).

2. Supporting Health Literacy: Rachael's point about health literacy is crucial. Integrated care models do promote patient education and involvement. Wherever, it's vital to tailor health communication to diverse literacy levels among patients. This approach not only empowers patients – but also enhances their understanding and adherence to treatment plans (Nutbeam, 2008).

3. Factors Leading to CC/IC Delivery Model Failure: Rachael identifies key factors such as poor communication, accessibility, and training deficiencies. An additional factor is the misalignment of organizational goals and clinical practices. Aligning these goals is critical for the successful implementation of the CC/IC model (Valentijn et al., 2015).

4. Barriers to CC/IC Model Acceptance and Efficacy: Rachael’s analysis of the barriers is comprehensive. Whereupon, it could be expanded to discuss how interprofessional education and training can enhance understanding and acceptance of the CC/IC model among various stakeholders (Gilbert et al., 2010).

5. Targeted Intervention and Education for PCPs: Continuing medical education is indeed a key strategy. Additionally, simulation-based training can

1/11/24, 7:53 PM Page 6 of 54

education is indeed a key strategy. Additionally, simulation-based training can be effective in enhancing skills necessary for integrated care, such as teamwork and communication (Palaganas et al., 2017).

6. Guidance from APA Ethical Code of Conduct: Rachael mentions informed consent, privacy, and confidentiality. Expanding on this, the APA Ethical Code also guides psychologists in interdisciplinary collaborations, emphasizing respect for colleagues and appropriate sharing of information (APA, 2010).

7. Potential Work Settings and Job Satisfaction: Rachael's identification of hospitals as potential work settings is apt! Job satisfaction can also be enhanced through the sense of collective efficacy and shared responsibility in patient care, as noted in a study by Bower et al. (2006).

8. Supportive Interventions within the CC/IC Model: Rachael suggests team communication and collaboration. It would be beneficial to include structured team meetings and case conferences as specific interventions to facilitate these processes (Mitchell et al., 2012).

In conclusion, Rachael’s post effectively addresses several key aspects of the CC/IC model in healthcare. Through the expansion of these points, with additional evidence and perspectives, the complexities and potential of integrated care in improving healthcare delivery can be more fully appreciated.

References American Psychological Association. (2010). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx (http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx)

Auxier, A., Farley, T., & Seifert, K. (2011). Establishing an integrated care practice in a community health center. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 42(5), 391–397.

Bower, P., et al. (2006). Integrated care – the challenges of operationalising integrated care pathways. International Journal of Integrated Care, 6(3).

Gilbert, J. H., Yan, J., & Hoffman, S. J. (2010). A WHO report: Framework for action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice. Journal of Allied Health, 39(Suppl 1), 196-197.

London, L. H., Watson, E. C., & Berger, J. (2013). An integrated primary care approach to help children B-HIP! Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology, 1(2),

1/11/24, 7:53 PM Page 7 of 54

 Reply

approach to help children B-HIP! Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology, 1(2), 196–200.

Mitchell, G. K., et al. (2012). Systematic review of integrated models of health care delivered at the primary–secondary interface: how effective is it and what determines effectiveness? Australian Journal of Primary Health, 22(4), 159-170.

Nutbeam, D. (2008). The evolving concept of health literacy. Social Science & Medicine, 67(12), 2072-2078.

Palaganas, J. C., Epps, C., & Raemer, D. B. (2017). A history of simulation- enhanced interprofessional education. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 31(4), 528-530.

Valentijn, P. P., et al. (2015). Understanding integrated care: a comprehensive conceptual framework based on the integrative functions of primary care. International Journal of Integrated Care, 13.

(https://uagc.instructure.com/courses/126929/users/266156)Adam Henning (https://uagc.instructure.com/courses/126929/users/266156) 10:53am

CLICK TO EXPAND / COLLAPSE



Hello Rachael,

Informed consent, anonymity, and safeguard their privacy are all stressed in the APA Ethical Code of Conduct, which is in line with the moral precepts that are essential in such intricate healthcare environments. Furthermore, it is widely known that the CC/IC model may lead to a certain level of work fulfillment in the healthcare environment where multiple disciplines can provide favorable results. The points you made about the significance of integrated care paradigms and health care teams are really beneficial, in my opinion. Incorporating patients into their own well-being through collaboration within specialties may certainly result in better patient-centered and holistic treatment, which enhances health literacy. In conclusion, you have accurately recognized some obstacles that may impede the efficacy of the CC/IC paradigm, including inadequate communication and monetary constraints. Awesome job on this discussion.

1/11/24, 7:53 PM Page 8 of 54

 Reply

(https://uagc.instructure.com/courses/126929/users/122746)Trennan Perez (https://uagc.instructure.com/courses/126929/users/122746) Saturday

CLICK TO EXPAND / COLLAPSE



Collaborative care (CC) or integrated care (IC) models are essential for providing comprehensive and effective healthcare to individual clients, fostering clinical partnerships among healthcare professionals. Here's an integrated response to your questions, considering concepts from various content domains in psychology:

1. Achieving Therapeutic Goals: Health care teams can achieve therapeutic goals for individual clients through a multidisciplinary approach. By pooling the expertise of professionals from different disciplines, including psychologists, physicians, nurses, and others, teams can develop holistic treatment plans. For instance, psychologists can provide psychotherapy to address mental health issues, while physicians manage physical health concerns. This collaboration ensures that both mental and physical aspects of a client's health are addressed, increasing the likelihood of successful outcomes.

2. Supporting Health Literacy: Collaborative care supports health literacy by enhancing communication and education within the healthcare team and with clients. Psychology professionals can play a vital role in improving health literacy by assisting clients in understanding their diagnoses, treatment options, and the importance of self-care. Clear and empathetic communication helps clients make informed decisions and engage actively in their healthcare, ultimately improving their health literacy.

3. Factors Leading to Model Failure: The CC/IC delivery model can face challenges, including:

a. Lack of Acceptance: Stakeholders' reluctance to accept or recognize the value of the CC/IC model can hinder its implementation. Some may resist change due to traditional practices or lack of awareness of its benefits.

1/11/24, 7:53 PM Page 9 of 54

due to traditional practices or lack of awareness of its benefits.

b. Lack of Awareness: Limited awareness among team members about each other's clinical competencies can lead to underutilization of their skills. This lack of understanding can result in missed opportunities for comprehensive care.

c. Barriers to Financial Reimbursement: Inadequate reimbursement for services provided by psychology professionals and other team members can be a significant barrier. Financial incentives must align with the collaborative model to motivate adoption.

d. Lack of Integration: Incomplete integration of support services within the practice can undermine the effectiveness of the model. Seamless coordination and communication are crucial for successful implementation.

4. Supportive Interventions: To address these issues, supportive interventions within the CC/IC model can include:

a. Education and Training: Offering education and training programs to healthcare professionals about the benefits and principles of collaborative care can enhance acceptance and awareness.

b. Advocating for Reimbursement Reform: Advocacy efforts can focus on changing reimbursement policies to ensure fair compensation for all team members, promoting the adoption of the model.

c. Interprofessional Collaboration: Promoting interprofessional education and collaboration within healthcare training programs prepares professionals for effective teamwork within CC/IC models.

5. Intervention and Education for PCPs: Targeted interventions and education for primary care providers (PCPs) can include workshops, seminars, and collaborative case discussions. These activities can help PCPs better understand the competencies and roles of psychology professionals, fostering a more integrated and effective team approach.

6. APA Ethical Code of Conduct: The APA Ethical Code of Conduct guides decisions within CC/IC models by emphasizing principles such as beneficence, non-maleficence, and informed consent. These principles ensure that ethical considerations are central to collaborative care, promoting the well-being of clients.

1/11/24, 7:53 PM Page 10 of 54

clients.

7. Potential Work Settings: The CC/IC model can be implemented in various settings, including primary care practices, mental health clinics, hospitals, and community health centers. This model can provide more job satisfaction by allowing professionals to work collaboratively, share responsibilities, and offer comprehensive care. It can also reduce professional burnout by distributing the workload and improving patient outcomes through a holistic approach.

In summary, the CC/IC model is a promising approach to healthcare that requires overcoming challenges related to acceptance, awareness, reimbursement, and integration. By implementing targeted interventions, adhering to ethical principles, and considering various work settings, healthcare organizations can harness the potential of collaborative care, leading to improved patient outcomes and greater job satisfaction among professionals.

Resources

Auxier, A., Farley, T., & Seifert, K. (2011). Establishing an integrated care practice in a community health center (http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx? direct=true&authtype=shib&custid=s8856897&db=pdh&an=2011-19049-001&site=ehost- live) . Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 42(5), 391–397. doi:10.1037/a0024982

Funderburk, J. S., Fielder, R. L., DeMartini, K. S., & Flynn, C. A. (2012). Integrating behavioral health services into a university health center: Patient and provider satisfaction (http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx? direct=true&authtype=shib&custid=s8856897&db=pdh&an=2012-12934-001&site=ehost- live) . Families, Systems, & Health, 30(2), 130–140. doi:10.1037/a0028378

Kelly, J. F., & Coons, H. L. (2012). Integrated health care and professional psychology: Is the setting right for you? (http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx? direct=true&authtype=shib&custid=s8856897&db=pdh&an=2012-33696-001&site=ehost- live) Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 43(6), 586–595. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/pro/ (http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/pro/)

London, L. H., Watson, E. C., & Berger, J. (2013). An integrated primary care approach to help children B-HIP! (http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?

1/11/24, 7:53 PM Page 11 of 54

 Reply

direct=true&authtype=shib&custid=s8856897&db=pdh&an=2013-20877-007&site=ehost- live) Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology, 1(2), 196–200. doi:10.1037/cpp0000014

Runyan, C. N. (2011). Psychology can be indispensable to health care reform and the patient-centered medical home (http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx? direct=true&authtype=shib&custid=s8856897&db=pdh&an=2011-09614-001&site=ehost- live) . Psychological Services,8(2), 53–68. doi:10.1037/a0023454

Soklaridis, S., Kelner, M., Love, R., & Cassidy, D.J. (2009). Integrative health care in a hospital setting: Communication patterns between CAM and biomedical practitioners (http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx? direct=true&authtype=shib&custid=s8856897&db=a9h&an=44746564&site=ehost-live) . Journal of Interprofessional Care, 23(6), 655–667. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ijic20

(https://uagc.instructure.com/courses/126929/users/50987)Jacob Eder (https://uagc.instructure.com/courses/126929/users/50987) Yesterday

CLICK TO EXPAND / COLLAPSE



As always, phenomenal work, Trennan!

The post provides a comprehensive overview of the Collaborative Care (CC) or Integrated Care (IC) models, highlighting their significance in healthcare. The discussion effectively addresses various aspects of these models, including challenges and potential solutions. I'll contribute to this discussion by expanding on some points and adding solutions, while respecting the original content.

1. Multidisciplinary Approach and Therapeutic Goals: The emphasis on a multidisciplinary approach is well-founded. Research supports that collaborative care involving various healthcare professionals, such as psychologists, physicians, and nurses, leads to better health outcomes (Mitchell et al., 2012). An expansion on this point could include the importance of role clarity within these teams to avoid overlapping and ensure

1/11/24, 7:53 PM Page 12 of 54

importance of role clarity within these teams to avoid overlapping and ensure efficient use of each professional's expertise (Bodenheimer and Sinsky, 2014).

2. Enhancing Health Literacy: The role of psychology professionals in improving health literacy through client education is crucial. Wherever, it's important to also consider the methods used to convey this information. Utilizing patient-centered communication and health education materials tailored to diverse literacy levels can significantly enhance comprehension and engagement (Nutbeam, 2008).

3. Challenges in CC/IC Delivery Model: The post accurately identifies key challenges to the CC/IC model. To address these, creating standardized protocols and regular inter-professional training sessions can foster better understanding and acceptance among stakeholders (Gilbert et al., 2010). Moreover, the implementing of electronic health records to which are accessible to all team members can improve communication and coordination (Menachemi and Collum, 2011).

4. Financial Reimbursement: The issue of inadequate reimbursement is critical. Advocacy for policy changes to support collaborative care models is essential. Proposing new billing codes that recognize the collaborative nature of these services could be a concrete step towards better financial support (Peek, 2013).

5. Education and Training for PCPs: Targeting education for primary care providers (PCPs) is rightly emphasized. This could include interdisciplinary simulation-based training, which has been shown to improve teamwork and understanding of each other's roles in a healthcare setting (Palaganas et al., 2017).

6. APA Ethical Code of Conduct: The application of the APA Ethical Code of Conduct in guiding decisions is well noted. It would be beneficial to highlight specific principles such as respect for people’s rights and dignity, which is essential in a collaborative setting where multiple professionals interact with a single client (APA, 2010).

7. Work Settings and Job Satisfaction: The identification of various potential work settings for the CC/IC model is apt. Furthermore, implementing feedback mechanisms where professionals can express their views and experiences with the model can contribute to continuous improvement and job satisfaction (Bower et al., 2006).

1/11/24, 7:53 PM Page 13 of 54

8. Supportive Interventions for CC/IC Model: The emphasis on team communication and collaboration is key. Regular team meetings and case discussions can be a practical intervention to facilitate these processes (Mitchell et al., 2012).

In conclusion, the original post provides a solid foundation for understanding the CC/IC models in healthcare. By expanding on these points with additional evidence and strategies for overcoming challenges, the discussion can offer a more detailed roadmap for successful implementation of these models in various healthcare settings.

References APA. (2010). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx (http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx)

Bodenheimer, T., & Sinsky, C. (2014). From Triple to Quadruple Aim: Care of the patient requires care of the provider. Annals of Family Medicine, 12(6), 573- 576.

Bower, P., et al. (2006). Integrated care – the challenges of operationalising integrated care pathways. International Journal of Integrated Care, 6(3).

Gilbert, J. H., Yan, J., & Hoffman, S. J. (2010). A WHO report: Framework for action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice. Journal of Allied Health, 39(Suppl 1), 196-197.

Menachemi, N., & Collum, T. H. (2011). Benefits and drawbacks of electronic health record systems. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 4, 47–55.

Mitchell, G. K., et al. (2012). Systematic review of integrated models of health care delivered at the primary–secondary interface: how effective is it and what

Collepals.com Plagiarism Free Papers

Are you looking for custom essay writing service or even dissertation writing services? Just request for our write my paper service, and we'll match you with the best essay writer in your subject! With an exceptional team of professional academic experts in a wide range of subjects, we can guarantee you an unrivaled quality of custom-written papers.

Get ZERO PLAGIARISM, HUMAN WRITTEN ESSAYS

Why Hire Collepals.com writers to do your paper?

Quality- We are experienced and have access to ample research materials.

We write plagiarism Free Content

Confidential- We never share or sell your personal information to third parties.

Support-Chat with us today! We are always waiting to answer all your questions.