NR 507 Alterations in Endocrine Function Discussions 

NR 507 Alterations in Endocrine Function Discussions

NR507

NR 507 DeVry Week 5 Discussions Latest

Week 5: Alterations in Endocrine Function

Discussion Part One

This week’s graded topics relate to the following Course Outcomes (COs).

1 Analyze pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with selected disease states. (PO 1)

2 Differentiate the epidemiology, etiology, developmental considerations, pathogenesis, and clinical and laboratory manifestations of specific disease processes. (PO 1)

3 Examine the way in which homeostatic, adaptive, and compensatory physiological mechanisms can be supported and/or altered through specific therapeutic interventions. (PO 1, 7)

4 Distinguish risk factors associated with selected disease states. (PO 1)

5 Describe outcomes of disruptive or alterations in specific physiologic processes. (PO 1)

6 Distinguish risk factors associated with selected disease states. (PO 1)

7 Explore age-specific and developmental alterations in physiologic and disease states. (PO 1, 4)

Ms. Blake is an older adult with diabetes and has been too ill to get out of bed for 2 days. She has had a severe cough and has been unable to eat or drink during this time. She has a history of Type I diabetes. On admission her laboratory values show:

Sodium (Na+) 156 mEq/L

Potassium (K+) 4.0 mEq/L

Chloride (Cl–) 115 mEq/L

Arterial blood gases (ABGs) pH- 7.30; Pco2-40; Po2-70; HCO3-20

Normal values Sodium (Na+) 136-146 mEq/L

Potassium (K+) 3.5-5.1 mEq/L

Chloride (Cl–) 98-106 mEq/L

Arterial blood gases (ABGs) pH- 7.35-7.45

Pco2- 35-45 mmHg

Po2-80-100 mmHg

HCO3–22-28 mEq/L

• List five (5) reasons on why she may have become bed ridden?

• Based on these reasons what tests would you order?

• Describe the molecular mechanism of the development of ketoacidosis.

Discussion Part Two

This week’s graded topics relate to the following Course Outcomes (COs).

1 Analyze pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with selected disease states. (PO 1)

2 Differentiate the epidemiology, etiology, developmental considerations, pathogenesis, and clinical and laboratory manifestations of specific disease processes. (PO 1)

3 Examine the way in which homeostatic, adaptive, and compensatory physiological mechanisms can be supported and/or altered through specific therapeutic interventions. (PO 1, 7)

4 Distinguish risk factors associated with selected disease states. (PO 1)

5 Describe outcomes of disruptive or alterations in specific physiologic processes. (PO 1)

6 Distinguish risk factors associated with selected disease states. (PO 1)

7 Explore age-specific and developmental alterations in physiologic and disease states

A three-month-old baby boy comes into your clinic with the main complaint that he frequently vomits after eating. He often has a swollen upper belly after feeding and acts fussy all the time. The vomiting has become more frequent this past week and he is beginning to lose weight.

• What is your differential diagnosis at this time?

• Is there any genetic component to the top of your differential?

• What tests would you order?

Discussion Part Three

This week’s graded topics relate to the following Course Outcomes (COs).

1 Analyze pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with selected disease states. (PO 1)

2 Differentiate the epidemiology, etiology, developmental considerations, pathogenesis, and clinical and laboratory manifestations of specific disease processes. (PO 1)

3 Examine the way in which homeostatic, adaptive, and compensatory physiological mechanisms can be supported and/or altered through specific therapeutic interventions. (PO 1, 7)

4 Distinguish risk factors associated with selected disease states. (PO 1)

5 Describe outcomes of disruptive or alterations in specific physiologic processes. (PO 1)

6 Distinguish risk factors associated with selected disease states. (PO 1)

7 Explore age-specific and developmental alterations in physiologic and disease states. (PO 1, 4)

Write a one (1) paragraph case study of your own for a patient with Ulcerative Colitis?

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 

Alterations in Endocrine Function

Introduction

The endocrine system is responsible for controlling the function of many organs in the body, such as glands, blood cells, and other tissues. The term “endocrine” comes from Greek roots meaning “inner” or “inner secretion.” How hormones work is also called endocrine signaling. Endocrine hormones are released into the bloodstream from target cells (cells that secrete them) and travel through the blood to influence target cells located in different organs. Many hormones act by binding to receptor proteins on cell surfaces, which leads to activation of a cascade of events that eventually results in changes at those receptors.

Endocrine System

The endocrine system is a collection of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream. Hormones are chemical messengers that travel throughout the body, affecting many important functions.

The endocrine system produces hormones that affect growth and development, reproduction and metabolism.

Hormones

Hormones are chemical messengers that allow your body to communicate with itself. Hormones are produced in one part of the body and carried to another part, where they act on target tissues or organs. The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream, and these hormones travel through blood vessels until reaching their target tissues or organs.

Hormone secretion is regulated by signals from outside the body (e.g., changes in temperature). The three main types of endocrine glands include: parathyroid gland (posterior lobe), pancreas gland (inferior lobe), thyroid gland (anterior lobe).

Target Cells

Target cells are cells that have receptors for a particular hormone. In order for the hormone to work, target cells must have these receptors. The target cell may be located within an organ or tissue (such as a gland) or outside the body (such as in blood vessels).

Examples of target cells include:

• Pancreatic islet cells

• Endometrial stromal cells

Mechanism of Action

Once secreted into the blood, endocrine hormones travel to their target cells. They bind to specific receptors on the surface of these cells and trigger a cascade of biochemical reactions inside them. When this happens, there are three main effects:

• The cell makes proteins that it needs for life processes like growth and division (the nucleus).

• It releases other hormones into circulation that regulate other processes in your body (such as blood pressure or digestion).

Feedback Mechanisms

The feedback mechanisms of hormone action are:

• Negative feedback. When a hormone is released into the bloodstream, it causes an increase in its own production and secretion by cells that are sensitive to the effects of that particular hormone. The extra amount produced goes back to those same cells, causing them not to produce any more because they already have plenty going on (and thus don’t need more). This is called negative feedback because it works against raising levels of that particular substance; if you had too much insulin in your system, for example, your pancreas would start producing less as soon as possible so you wouldn’t get diabetic ketoacidosis—a dangerous complication from high blood sugar levels caused by insulin resistance.

• Positive feedback occurs when one action leads directly into another – like when someone takes aspirin after taking an injury or sickness comes along – which then makes them feel better even though there isn’t necessarily anything wrong with them yet! When this happens too often without proper medical supervision or treatment being given out beforehand though…

Takeaway:

The endocrine system is a collection of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream, which then travel to target cells. These cells are responsible for regulating body functions including growth and development, metabolism, reproduction and stress response.

Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the blood to different organs and tissues where they control the activity of cells by changing their structure or activity level (1).

Conclusion

The endocrine system regulates your body’s ability to adapt and change. It is designed in such a way that it can detect changes in the environment and react accordingly. The main function of this system is to maintain homeostasis, which means that it takes into account all factors that affect the body’s normal functions. For example, when we eat something high in sugar or fat it will cause our blood sugar levels to rise which causes us to feel hungry again later on.