Cardiovascular, Cellular, and Hematologic Disorders

Cardiovascular, Cellular, and Hematologic Disorders

NR507

NR 507 DeVry Week 3 Discussions Latest

Week 3: Cardiovascular, Cellular, and Hematologic Disorders

Discussion Part One

This week’s graded topics relate to the following Course Outcomes (COs).

1 Analyze pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with selected disease states. (PO 1)

2 Differentiate the epidemiology, etiology, developmental considerations, pathogenesis, and clinical and laboratory manifestations of specific disease processes. (PO 1)

3 Examine the way in which homeostatic, adaptive, and compensatory physiological mechanisms can be supported and/or altered through specific therapeutic interventions. (PO 1, 7)

4 Distinguish risk factors associated with selected disease states. (PO 1)

5 Describe outcomes of disruptive or alterations in specific physiologic processes. (PO 1)

6 Distinguish risk factors associated with selected disease states. (PO 1)

7 Explore age-specific and developmental alterations in physiologic and disease states

A 17-year-old African American from the inner city complains of severe chest and abdominal pain. Upon examination the attending physician performs and EKG, chest x-ray, and an abdominal and chest clinical examination and finds nothing. Assuming, she is drug seeking he sends her home. She comes back to the ER 4 hours later and now you see the patient. She explains that she was running track this past afternoon at school and that despite being very hot (100 F) she pushed on. Afterwards, she starts feeling extensive pain in her chest and abdomen. She has jaundiced eyes, her blood pressure is 98/50, pulse is 112, T = 99.9 F, R = 28. The pain seems out of proportion to the physical findings.

What is your list of differential diagnoses in this case and explain how each of these fits with the case patient as described above. Be sure to list at least four (4) pertinent differential diagnoses. Indicate which of these you would select as the most likely diagnosis and explain why.

Now, as she is in the ER she begins to exhibit stroke like features. ? Does this change your differential? How do you treat this patient now? Are they any preventative actions that could have been taken?

Discussion Part Two

This week’s graded topics relate to the following Course Outcomes (COs).

1 Analyze pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with selected disease states. (PO 1)

2 Differentiate the epidemiology, etiology, developmental considerations, pathogenesis, and clinical and laboratory manifestations of specific disease processes. (PO 1)

3 Examine the way in which homeostatic, adaptive, and compensatory physiological mechanisms can be supported and/or altered through specific therapeutic interventions. (PO 1, 7)

4 Distinguish risk factors associated with selected disease states. (PO 1)

5 Describe outcomes of disruptive or alterations in specific physiologic processes. (PO 1)

6 Distinguish risk factors associated with selected disease states. (PO 1)

7 Explore age-specific and developmental alterations in physiologic and disease states. (PO 1, 4)

Jesse is a 57-year-old male who presents with gradual onset of dyspnea on exertion and fatigue. He also complains of frequent dyspepsia with nausea and occasional epigastric pain. He states that at night he has trouble breathing especially while lying on his back. This is relieved by him sitting up. His vitals are 180/110, P = 88, T = 98.0 C, R = 20.

Write a differential in this case and explain how each item in your differential fits and how it might not fit.

What tests would you order? What immediate treatment would you consider giving this patient and what treatment when he went home? Assume your first differential is definitive.

Now, he comes back to your clinic 3 months later and both his ankles are slightly swollen. What possible explanations are there for this observation?

Discussion Part Three

This week’s graded topics relate to the following Course Outcomes (COs).

1 Analyze pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with selected disease states. (PO 1)

2 Differentiate the epidemiology, etiology, developmental considerations, pathogenesis, and clinical and laboratory manifestations of specific disease processes. (PO 1)

3 Examine the way in which homeostatic, adaptive, and compensatory physiological mechanisms can be supported and/or altered through specific therapeutic interventions. (PO 1, 7)

4 Distinguish risk factors associated with selected disease states. (PO 1)

5 Describe outcomes of disruptive or alterations in specific physiologic processes. (PO 1)

6 Distinguish risk factors associated with selected disease states. (PO 1)

7 Explore age-specific and developmental alterations in physiologic and disease states. (PO 1, 4)

A new patient is brought into the office for their annual evaluation. The child is a 6-year-old and appears a bit small for their age but not so small that any alarm bells are set off. The vitals are: P = 116, R = 22, T = 98.6 , BP = 110/50. (The normal vitals in a 6-year-old are P = 75 – 120, R = 16 – 22, T = 98.6 , BP = (85-115)/(48-64).

Examination of the lungs is normal, HEENT is normal, as is the abdominal exam. The heart however, seems laterally displaced and there appears to be only a continuous murmur which can be described as crescendo/decrescendo systolic murmur that extends into diastole. Because, you were trained at Chamberlain College of Nursing you immediately know that this is probably a patent ductus arteriosus.

Explain the murmur from a mechanistic view of the hearts physiological functioning?

What is the epidemiology of a patent ductus arteriosus?

How is a patent ductus arteriosus treated?

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION;

Cardiovascular, Cellular, and Hematologic Disorders

Introduction

Cardiovascular, cellular, and hematologic disorders are common in cancer patients. Patients who have these conditions may be at increased risk of developing other health problems, including heart disease and dementia.

Cardiac musculature dysfunction

Cardiac muscle dysfunction is a common problem that can occur in people of all ages. It can be caused by several factors, including genetics, infection or medications. Signs and symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, dizziness and chest pain. Treatment for cardiac muscle dysfunction involves management recommendations from your doctor to help manage your condition as best as possible.

Cardiac output abnormalities and myocardial dysfunction

The heart is a muscle that pumps blood through the body. It can be divided into left and right sides, which work in tandem to circulate blood throughout your body. A healthy heart has a normal rhythm of contractions (known as “atrial fibrillation”) that propels its muscles to move oxygenated plasma throughout your body’s capillaries (small tubes).

The right side of your heart contains two chambers: the right atrium and right ventricle. The left side also has two chambers: left atrium and left ventricle. When you’re born, all four chambers are connected by septum primum (the first part) that separates them from each other so they can pump blood independently; this septum eventually breaks down during childhood development into two separate structures called septa secundae or gyrate valves after birth.[1]

Cardiovascular toxicity from chemotherapy and biotherapy

The most common cardiovascular toxicity from chemotherapy and biotherapy is myocardial infarction. Other cardiovascular effects include vascular obstruction, peripheral edema, and hypertension.

The risk of heart failure increases with age and duration of therapy. In addition to coronary artery disease, patients receiving antineoplastic agents are also at risk for arrhythmias due to cardiac conduction disturbances (including bradycardia).

Central venous access devices

There are two types of central venous access devices: conventional and end-tidal. The latter is often used in the hospital setting to administer medications through the vein, but it isn’t as common as the former.

Both types require care and maintenance, but they can be cleaned easily with soap and water or more specialized solutions like Betadine solution (a disinfectant) or iodophor (an antiseptic). If you notice any discoloration or debris on your CVP line after cleaning it with these products, contact your doctor immediately because this could indicate an infection or injury that needs treatment right away; otherwise, just wait 24 hours before continuing treatment with them again so they aren’t exposed to any other harmful substances while being stored in this state.

If there’s any doubt about whether someone has been given a proper dose through their IV drip line that’s when things go wrong! If someone gets sick from getting medication too quickly into their bloodstream via CVP lines without having time for absorption into tissues along its path through veins within those same organs—then things will become worse quickly until death occurs due out side effects associated with taking too much medicine too fast

Hematologic disorders

Hematologic disorders are caused by a reduction in the number or function of blood cells. Hemoglobin is the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells; white blood cells fight infections, platelets help prevent bleeding, and clotting factors help to control bleeding.

In addition to having low levels of hemoglobin, people with anemia may also have low numbers of neutrophils (a type of white blood cell) and differential counts between types of neutrophils (eosinophils versus lymphocytes). If you have anemia due to chronic illness or therapy with anticoagulants such as warfarin (Coumadin), your doctor will monitor how much vitamin K you need to prevent excessive blood clotting during surgery or other procedures that require general anesthesia

Platelets

Platelets are important for blood clotting. They help with the formation of a blood clot and aid in healing after a wound or injury.

Platelets are produced in the bone marrow and released into our bloodstream when an injury occurs, such as when you cut yourself shaving. The platelets attach themselves to the damaged area on your skin so they can begin forming a clot around them (a process called thrombosis). This prevents more damage from occurring while also helping speed up healing time by reducing swelling around your wound.

Patients with cardiovascular, cellular, and hematologic disorders have to be monitored for changes in their health.

Patients with cardiovascular, cellular, and hematologic disorders have to be monitored for changes in their health.

Monitoring means that you check your patient’s symptoms regularly and ask them about any problems they are having. You also want to make sure that the treatment is working well enough to keep the condition under control.

Conclusion

Any patient suspected of having a cardiovascular, cellular, or hematologic disease should be evaluated by a physician. The physician can discuss treatment options and monitor the patient’s condition.