Patient Assessment: Meningitis Case Study Patient Assessment: Meningitis Case Study Jason Hinojosa is a 5-week-old infant brought to the emergency department by his mother, who speaks little English. Her husband is at work. Mrs. Hinojosa is young, anxious, and appears frightened. Through a translator, Mrs. H. reports that her son has not been eating, sleeps all the time, and ?is not normal.? 1. What are some of the obstacles you will need to consider, recognizing that Mrs. H. does not speak or understand English well? 2. You perform your primary assessment and question Mrs. H. with a translator. Which of these finding are abnormal and need to be reported? Select all that apply and state rationale. a. Anterior fontanel palpable and tense b. Pupils equal and +3 c. Temperature 96.8?F (36?C) rectally d. Heart rate: 85 beats/min e. Positive Babinski reflex f. High-pitched cry g. Refusal of PO intake per mother ORDER YOUR PROFESSIONAL PAPER HERE Jason is admitted to the medical unit with the diagnoses of meningitis and rule out sepsis. The ED physician gives the orders shown in the chart. Emergency Department Orders: CBC with differential Blood culture CMP UA Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for culture, glucose, protein, cell count (following lumbar puncture) Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) 260mg IV now (loading dose) Acetaminophen (Tylenol) 50 mg suppository per rectum for irritability 3. Prioritize the order of your interventions, with 1 being your first action and 7 being your last action. a. Administer Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) ________ b. Place IV ________ c. Straight catheterization for urine specimen ________ d. Place on contact isolation and droplet precautions ________ e. Assist with lumbar puncture ________ f. Administer Tylenol ________ g. Obtain blood culture, CMP ________ 4. You have a difficult time placing the IV line and the physician writes and order to give the Rocephin IM while you wait for the vascular access team to place the IV. Name the appropriate site for an IM for an infant. 5. Interpret Jason laboratory findings, and explain the rationale for abnormal results. Laboratory Tests Results: Urinalysis pH 7.2 Color Clear Leukocytes Negative Complete Blood Count Hct 32% HgB 10.5 g/dL WBC 22,000/mm3 Sodium 141 mEq/L Expert Answer What are some of the obstacles you will need to consider, recognizing that Mrs. H. does not speak or understand English well? Culture in social insurance is likewise a multi-faceted idea. Culture has been characterized as it is through the perspectiv? Patient Assessment: Meningitis Case Study Order Now

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 

Patient Assessment: Meningitis

Introduction

Meningitis is an inflammation of the brain and spinal membranes. It can cause symptoms in different ways, including:

Headache

Nausea or vomiting

Seizures (fits)

Fever or chills (high temperature)

Lethargy or fatigue

Meningitis is most often caused by a bacterial infection. You will need immediate medical care if you have any of these symptoms: headache; stiff neck; sensitivity to light; fever above 104 degrees F (40 degrees C); and seizures, confusion or decreased alertness. If you think someone might have meningitis, call 911 immediately. In addition to antibiotics, your doctor may prescribe medications such as steroids to help reduce swelling due to inflammation in the tissues surrounding blood vessels within the brain. Please note that certain types of meningitis are not curable, but they can be treated effectively with antibiotics.”

Suspect meningitis if the following symptoms are present:

You may be asked to perform certain tests if you suspect meningitis. If a patient has these symptoms, it’s important to contact a doctor immediately.

• Headache

• Fever

• Nausea and vomiting (vomiting blood)

• Confusion that lasts more than 24 hours

• Stiff neck that lasts more than 24 hours

• Sensitivity to bright light (photophobia)

Pressure or pain on the head

• Headache

• Difficulty concentrating

• Dizziness

• Nausea and vomiting

The following are signs of meningitis: Fever, which is often high but most often not as high as 100 degrees Fahrenheit (38 Celsius). If you have a fever, it should be checked by your healthcare provider. A low-grade temperature is common in children under one year old; however, if your child is older than one year old and has a temperature of 102°F (39°C) or higher for three hours in a row without any other symptoms associated with meningitis then you should be seen by an emergency room doctor immediately. In adults who develop sudden onset of high fever after exposure to someone else with suspected bacterial meningitis use antibiotics until proven otherwise.

Nausea and vomiting

Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms of meningitis, and can be caused by many different things. It’s important to investigate further if you think that nausea or vomiting could be caused by a more serious problem, like a stroke.

Confusion

Confusion is a common symptom of meningitis. It can be caused by other conditions, so not always a reliable sign that you have meningitis.

However, if your confusion lasts for more than 24 hours or you’re unable to follow simple commands or directions, it could be an early indicator that you have meningitis.

Fever

Fever is one of the most common symptoms of meningitis and can be a sign that you have this illness. You may have a high fever, which is an increase in body temperature above 38°C (100°F). Most people with meningitis experience this sign within the first 24 hours after infection.

There are other causes for fever besides meningitis, so it’s important to rule out other illnesses before making any conclusions about your child’s condition. If your child has been given antibiotics for an ear infection or for pneumonia, he should not receive more antibiotics until at least 48 hours after completing treatment with those medicines have passed, since they can interfere with treatment for bacterial infections like meningitis.

Stiff neck

You should be evaluated for meningitis if you have any of the following signs and symptoms:

• Neck stiffness or pain that is worse in the morning, with or without a fever. These symptoms may include sensitivity to light touch, sound, or movement. The stiffness can get better as you move your head; it often gets better with movement but not always.

Sensitivity to bright light

If you are sensitive to bright light, it is important to rule out meningitis. This can be caused by a number of things:

• Migraines

• Photosensitivity (people with photosensitivity often have an increased risk of developing skin cancer)

Other symptoms that may point to meningitis include:

Lethargy

Lethargy is a common symptom of meningitis. The patient may be unable to keep their eyes open, or they may not be able to sit up or hold their head up. They may also have trouble talking, moving their arms and legs, or swallowing.

It’s important to quickly recognize the signs of meningitis.

You should be able to recognize the signs of meningitis. If you see any of these symptoms, it’s important to get medical attention immediately:

• Fever

• Headache or stiffness in the neck muscles (cervical spasms)

• Nausea and vomiting that doesn’t go away after about two days

Conclusion

Remember that meningitis can be life-threatening. It’s important to recognize the signs of meningitis and seek medical care immediately if you suspect that you have it.

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