DV Crusaders: Group 2- Annotated Bibliographies Empowering Communities against Domestic Violence

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DV Crusaders: Group 2- Annotated Bibliographies Empowering Communities against Domestic Violence

By: Kaitlyn Cash, Dawn Jansson, Shontavia Finks, Farrin Conway, Lisa Sharpe

1. Anderson, Vincent D. (2021). Elder Justice: Abuse, Legislation and Financial Exploitation. SNOVA.

In this nonfiction book Anderson explores the complex issues of elder abuse in the United States. The book starts by describing why the elderly are the most vulnerable, especially in nursing homes. Anderson explains the multifaceted policy approach needed to prevent the abuse which includes partnerships from law enforcement, social services, and public health officials. Next chapter explains Congress’s first attempt to address elderly abuse, neglect, and exploitation at the federal level with the enactment of the 2010 Elder Justice Act under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The final chapter investigates elder financial exploitation and its effects on victims and society.

Anderson is a research scholar who wrote a series of books titled Congressional Policies, Practices and Procedures which were published by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. in 2021. The publisher is well known for academic published focused in social sciences. This book will used in conjunction with other sources to research the laws on elder abuse.

2. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (2016). Advisory for financial institutions on preventing and responding to elder financial exploitation.

This financial advisory document provides recommendations on how to prevent and

respond to the crime of the 21st century, elder financial exploitation. The author, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, identifies benchmarks to test one’s resiliency against financial crimes and then help develop policies and procedures in financial institutions to prevent, detect, and respond to financial crimes involving older people. CFPB uses studies to explain why the elderly are targets because of their assets and regular source of income and why they are the most vulnerable. CFPB explains that most crimes against the elderly go unreported and that’s why deploying effective interventions are important.

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau is a division of the United States Office of the Inspector General. The bureau’s goal is to educate consumers and responsible providers on the economy. The CFPB provides protection for consumers against abusive or deceptive practices. This advisory will be used to explore how to educate the elderly population on how to protect their assets.

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3. Davis, J. T., & Davis, H. T. (2022, November 1). Elder financial abuse: A true cautionary tale: CPAs providing services to elderly individuals play a role in protecting their clients from financial exploitation. Journal of Accountancy, 234(5).

This scholarly journal article reveals how certified public accountants (CPA) can help prevent and stop elderly financial abuse. CPAs who work as financial planners for the elderly see various frauds including financial abuse from their adult children, and more commonly, the elder’s inability to say no when asked for financial help by people they know and trust. More than half the perpetrators involved in financial abuse are relatives of the elders. The most common abuse uncovered was using an elderly person’s money without their knowledge or consent. CPA are trained to recognize financial exploitation and may be one of the first defense lines to protect the elderly against financial exploitation.

The authors, Jefferson T. Davis, CPA, Ph.D., CISA, is professor of accounting at Weber State University in Ogden, Utah and Halston T. Davis, J.D., is an attorney with Davis & Sanchez in Salt Lake City. The journal article will be used to tell a true story of how financial exploitation can happen to the elderly without their knowledge and give advice on how they should monitor their assets.

4. Karakashian, A. R. B., & Schub, T. B. (2018). Elder Abuse: Facts and Figures. CINAHL Nursing Guide.

This evidence-based article was written for medical staff who take care of elderly patients. The article provides basic definitions of the types of abuse and what classifies as elder abuse. It includes statistics from multiple countries on risk factors, frequency of elder abuse by type, demographics, and the impacts abuse has on societies.

The authors, Arsi Karakashian, is a registered nurse at Adventist Health Glendale in California, and Tanju Schub is a writer of medical and scientific material for audiences with professional and educational backgrounds. Schub recently completed MS degree in Health Communication for Social Change at CUNY Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy. This article will be used to teach the public the basic terms and definitions in elder abuse. The statistics on elder abuse from around the world will be presented to bring awareness to the audience of the societal consequences when abuse isn’t prevented or stopped.

5. Purser, K., Cockburn, T., Cross, C., & Jacmon, H. (2018). Alleged Financial Abuse of Those under an Enduring Power of Attorney: An Exploratory Study. British Journal of Social Work, 48(4), 887–905. https://doi-org.ezproxy.umgc.edu/10.1093/bjsw/bcy041

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This article examines the issues of elder financial abuse arising from the misuse of an enduring power of attorney (EPA). The article covers the experiences of victim elders who attempted to gain information about the misuse of their EPA and remedy the financial abuse. The research included files from 100 individuals aged sixty-five years or older who sought help from financial from a nonprofit organization for financial exploitation. It illustrates the complexities of elder financial abuse and how resources can be better managed to safeguard elders against loss from mismanaged power of attorneys.

The authors of the article, Kelly Pusrer, Tina Cockburn, and Helene Jacmon are researchers for the Australian Centre for Health Law Research of Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane, Australia. The fourth author, Cassandra Cross, is a researcher at Queensland University of Technology, in the Crime and Justice Research Centre. This article will be used in conjunction with our other resources to define and explain how elderly persons should appoint the right power of attorney.

6. Burnes, D., Pillemer, K., Lachs, M. S., & Delacruz, E. (2016). Elder Abuse and Neglect in Residential Settings: The Role of the Health Care Aide.

The resource "Elder Abuse and Neglect in Residential Settings: The Role of the Health Care Aide" by Burnes, Pillemer, Lachs, and Delacruz, published in 2016, is centered on the central theme of elder abuse within residential care environments and the specific role that healthcare aides play in this distressing issue. The scope of the resource delves into the dynamics of abuse and neglect that occur within residential settings and highlights the unique perspective of healthcare aides, who are often the perpetrators. The authors employ qualitative research methods to explore the factors contributing to elder abuse within this context.

The authority of the authors in the field of elder abuse is well-established. Karl Pillemer, in particular, is a renowned scholar in gerontology, lending substantial credibility to the resource. The other authors, too, have expertise in fields relevant to elder abuse. In union with other cited works, this resource provides a unique focus on the perpetration of elder abuse by healthcare aides within residential settings. It complements other studies by offering insights into a specific context and can contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the issue.

7. Phelan,A. (2019). The Elderly Victims of Family Violence

The resource, "The Elderly Victims of Family Violence" by Amanda Phelan, published in 2019, centers on the central theme of elder abuse within familial relationships. The scope of

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the resource delves into the experiences of elderly individuals who have become victims of violence or neglect within their own families. Phelan examines the prevalence, various forms, and consequences of abuse, providing a comprehensive exploration of the issue. The resource also discusses the challenges in identifying and addressing these cases due to societal and systemic barriers.

Amanda Phelan's background as an author strengthens the credibility of the resource. While specific information about her credentials is not provided, her expertise in the field of elder abuse is implied by her authorship of this work. In conjunction with other cited works, Phelan's resource provides a critical perspective on the victim's experience within the familial context of elder abuse. It complements other studies by offering insights into the societal and familial implications, broadening the understanding of the multifaceted issue of domestic violence towards the elderly.

8. Brandl, B., Schoon, J., Titus, J., & Kuriansky, J. K. (2020). Challenges in Identifying Elder Abuse and Neglect: Case-Based Learning.

The resource "Challenges in Identifying Elder Abuse and Neglect: Case-Based Learning" authored by Bonnie Brandl, Julie Schoon, Julie Titus, and Judi K. Kuriansky in 2020, focuses on the central theme of addressing the complexities surrounding the identification of elder abuse and neglect through a case-based learning approach. The scope of the resource involves real-life scenarios to illustrate the difficulties and challenges professionals face when recognizing, assessing, and responding to elder abuse and neglect. By using these case studies, the authors aim to provide insights into improving identification and intervention strategies for these troubling situations.

The authors possess considerable authority in the field of elder abuse, as Bonnie Brandl is a prominent figure in this area and has been involved in advocacy and research for several years. Their collective expertise strengthens the resource's credibility. This resource complements other works by providing practical insights and real-world examples of elder abuse cases. It enhances the understanding of professionals and researchers regarding the challenges they may encounter when dealing with elder abuse and offers valuable strategies for effectively addressing this complex issue. It will serve as a practical and educational resource to illuminate the topic of interest in conjunction with other cited works.

9. Martins, R., Neto, M. J., Andrade, A., & Albuquerque, C. (2014). Abuse and maltreatment in the elderly. Atencion Primaria, 46(Supplement 5), 206–209. https://doi-org.ezproxy.umgc.edu/10.1016/S0212-6567(14)70093-9

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The study involves 135 Portuguese elderly participants and falls under the non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional quantitative category. In central Portugal, the Family APGAR Scale and QEEA were applied to elderly residents from January to June 2013. Furthermore, the research uncovered that the elders who were most vulnerable to abuse were those who were unmarried or widowed, had lower academic qualifications, reported feelings of loneliness and poor health, and even those who perceived their families to be somewhat dysfunctional.

10. Sev’er, A. (2009). More Than Wife Abuse That Has Gone Old: A Conceptual Model for Violence against the Aged in Canada and the US. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 40(2), 279–292. https://doi-org.ezproxy.umgc.edu/10.3138/jcfs.40.2.279

Psychological, physical, sexual, economic abuse, and neglect are all forms in which Violence against the Aged (VAA) can occur. Although it is widely recognized that the under-reporting of VAA is a major problem, studies conducted in both Canada and the USA consistently reveal the serious nature of the consequences stemming from this offense. Furthermore, despite the stability of the rates (5-10%), the total figures are on the rise because of the aging demographics in both Canada and the USA. By introducing an integrated conceptual model, this paper seeks to offer a comprehensive approach to predicting VAA, surpassing the confines of intimate partner violence. Furthermore, the model suggests that effective strategies against VAA should take into account the interconnectedness of the personal, social, and structural realms.

11. Mike Brogden. (2001). Geronticide : Killing the Elderly. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.

When considering the book as a whole, it becomes evident that it offers a significant contribution in understanding the attitudes and perceptions towards older individuals. Having a sociological text that is rigorously researched and covers the interplay between societies is particularly helpful, especially when it explores the complex dynamics of eliminating older members who have made significant contributions, fostered development, and supported those societies. In order to strengthen its main argument, the text employs several different approaches, all of which serve to highlight the longstanding perception of older individuals as a residual group within society, overshadowed by those deemed more productive. As a result of the trial and the resulting public concern regarding trust in professionals, the intentional and organized murder of elderly individuals is now acknowledged as a problem that exists within our own society, rather than being seen as something that only happens elsewhere. Starting and ending with Shipman, Mike Brogden's

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overview of the subject primarily delves into the disconcerting reality of geronticide continuing to be a prevalent feature within the realm of "care" for the aged.

12. Otaghi, M., Mousavimoghadam, S. R., Nikvand, M., kavarizadeh, F., & Khorshidi, A. (2022). The Effect of Appropriate Treatment Package for the Elderly on the Abuse of Rural Elderly Families in Eyvan City. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 23(7), 1–8.

The well-being and quality of life of older individuals are compromised by elderly abuse, a specific type of domestic violence that poses threats to their health and safety. By conducting this study in Ivan city in 1398, the primary objective was to determine how an appropriate training package could contribute to the appropriate treatment of the elderly and its impact on the prevalence of family abuse among rural elderly individuals. In order to investigate the research question, the authors implemented a materials and methods approach that consisted of an experimental design incorporating pre-test-post-test measurements and a control group. By employing a sampling method, a total of 92 elderly residents living in the villages of Ivan city were included in the study. A questionnaire focused on the topic of elder abuse was utilized for this study. During a span of 8 weeks, a total of 46 family members in the experimental group were provided with an appropriate treatment package specifically designed for the elderly members of their families.

13. Yılmaz, M., Durmaz, A., & Arıkan, İ. (2022). Elderly abuse, affecting factors and evaluation of life satisfaction: a cross-sectional study. Psychogeriatrics: The Official Journal of the Japanese Psychogeriatric Society, 22(5), 612–620. https://doi-org.ezproxy.umgc.edu/10.1111/psyg.12862

The author and researchers’ main focus in conducting this study was to investigate how frequently older adults in their region experience abuse and to determine the extent to which it influences their level of life satisfaction. A cross-sectional study is the methodology being employed in this research. An elderly population that had registered at a single 'family health center' made up the participants in this study. 332 people were actively involved in the study, resulting in its successful completion. Between the months of June and July in 2021, researchers conducted a study that produced interesting results. Abuse against the elderly is primarily carried out by their spouses, children, and other relatives. Elderly individuals who have not received formal education are more susceptible to experiencing abuse compared to those who have completed primary education. Extended families and individuals living alone tend to exhibit a higher rate of abuse among the elderly, in contrast to those residing in a nuclear family. The lack of physical suitability in the houses occupied by the elderly

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contributes to a higher risk of abuse. The prevalence of elder abuse can be reduced by identifying and taking steps to minimize local risk factors associated with it.

14. Fraga Dominguez, S., Storey, J. E., & Glorney, E. (2021). Help-seeking behaviour in victims of elder abuse: A systematic review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 22(3), 466-480. DOI: 10.1177/1524838019860616 The ageing population increases the need for intervention and research into elder

abuse. Underreporting of elder abuse by victims is a problem in the area. This thorough literature review combined the results of victims' help-seeking behaviour to inform practice, clarify evidence limitations, and pinpoint study gaps. Research on the conduct of victims of elder abuse who are 60 years of age and older who seek assistance was found after a thorough review of published and unpublished material. Nineteen studies could be evaluated. Findings are categorized into barriers to seeking help, enablers, sources of support, reactions from others, and victim traits more likely to do so in a narrative synthesis. Even though there was a lack of victim characteristics, help-seeking facilitators, and responses, all studies centred on obstacles and sources of assistance. According to the findings, there are many hurdles in the manner which individuals seek help, and some only do so when the abuse becomes intolerable or when they feel threatened.

15. Mohd Mydin, F. H., & Othman, S. (2020). Elder abuse and neglect intervention in the clinical setting: Perceptions and barriers faced by primary care physicians in Malaysia.

 Journal of interpersonal violence,  35(23-24), 6041-6066. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260517726411

This qualitative study examines primary care doctors (PCPs)' definition, attitudes, practice experience, and hurdles to detecting and taking action to prevent elder neglect and abuse. Ten PCPs participated in the semi-structured in-depth interview. A deliberate sample of participants was taken. The interviews were taped, written down, and then analyzed thematically. PCP definitions of elder abuse were consistent. PCPs believed they were most suited to address elder abuse and neglect, although they might ignore such issues. The clinical, organizational, and policy barriers to PCP elder abuse detection and response were identified. PCPs admit their lack of confidence and experience in elder neglect intervention at the clinical level. PCPs' contradictory personal and professional convictions hinder clinical treatment. Time restrictions, patients' other clinical difficulties, and maintaining a strong doctor–patient relationship overshadow discussing and acting in elder abuse and neglect during the appointment. Patients' reluctance to agree outside assistance increase this. Absence of adequate health system assistance hinders organizational performance. The lack of elder abuse legislation also hinders policymaking.

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16. Santos, A. J., Nunes, B., Kislaya, I., Gil, A. P., & Ribeiro, O. (2021). Exploring the correlates to depression in elder abuse victims: abusive experience or individual characteristics?  Journal of interpersonal violence,  36(1-2), NP115-NP134. Doi: 10.1177/0886260517732346.

Depression and depressive symptoms have been considered risk factors and outcomes of elder abuse, although most cross-sectional research cannot prove cause-and-effect relationships. Santos et al. evaluates the percentage of older adults who self-reported elder abuse and tested positive for signs of depression. It investigates whether personal traits and aspects of the abusive experience are linked to symptoms of depression. The Aging and Abuse Study's cross-sectional victims' survey comprised 510 older people who reported experiencing domestic abuse; depression was assessed using the condensed Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-5). The prevalence ratio (PR) of screening for depressive symptoms was calculated using Poisson regression, taking into account the following covariates: age group, violence type, sex,  cohabitation, functional status, chronic diseases, perpetrator, and number of conducts. The findings suggest that a psychological well-being assessment should be part of routine elder abuse screening. Women with long-term illnesses and those who perceive a lack of social support should be the focus of interventions aimed at reducing the risk of both mental health issues and elder abuse.

17. Storey, J. E. (2020). Risk factors for elder abuse and neglect: A review of the literature.  Aggression and violent behavior, 50, 101339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2019.101339

Examining the characteristics of the perpetrator and victim that enhance the chance of elder abuse leads to improved awareness of elder abuse, a common problem garnering attention because of its negative consequences on victims and the ageing population. By recognizing these risk factors, experts may estimate the likelihood that elder abuse will continue, prevent it, and set risk management objectives when the risk factors are dynamic. One hundred ninety-eight studies were found through electronic searches to be eligible. The research being discussed provides evidence for eight factors that increase the chances of a perpetrator continuing to abuse an elderly person, as well as eight characteristics that make the victim more vulnerable to elder abuse. The theories put up by researchers to explain the relationships are described. The authorsargue along with loneliness and a lack of social relationships, social isolation has been found to be widespread among elder abuse perpetrators (35%–53%) and to be connected with the crime. This highlights the dire state of eldelry abuse and the clear need for proactive solutions.

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18. Truong, C., Burnes, D., Alaggia, R., Elman, A., & Rosen, T. (2019). Disclosure among victims of elder abuse in healthcare settings: a missing piece in the overall effort toward detection.  Journal of elder abuse & neglect,  31(2), 181-190. https://doi.org/10.1080%2F08946566.2019.1588182

Few victims of elder abuse are connected to institutional assistance or protective organizations, and we seldom hear about it. Elder abuse may be easily detected in healthcare settings, yet under-detection is a severe problem. The research has neglected victimization disclosure, even though it is essential to identifying elder abuse. Although it has received little attention in the literature on elderly abuse (EA), disclosure is a crucial component of the overall endeavor to find elderly abuse (EA) victims who are predominantly hidden in society. Clinicians who work with senior citizens in healthcare settings frequently come into contact with EA victims. Unintentionally causing grief and/or retraumatization in healthcare settings can indeed prevent disclosure. An understanding of how to facilitate/support EA victimization disclosure at the institutional level is provided by a trauma-informed care (TIC) orientation. The goal of TIC is to lessen retraumatization and facilitate healing, which frequently starts with the disclosure process. Empowerment, collaboration, connection, safety, autonomy and control, and trustworthiness are among the core TIC principles that should be expressed in an organization's interactions, connections, and environment. According to TIC, physicians should maximize choice and share power.

19. Weissberger, G. H., Goodman, M. C., Mosqueda, L., Schoen, J., Nguyen, A. L., Wilber, K. H., … & Han, S. D. (2020). Elder abuse characteristics based on calls to the National Center on Elder Abuse resource line. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 39(10), 1078-1087. DOI: 10.1177/0733464819865685

It is crucial to describe the different forms of elder abuse and to pinpoint the traits of the abusers. Calls were categorized according to whether or not abuse was written, the alleged abuse's kind, whether or not it happened in more than one abuse subtype, and the claimed abuser. Most reported abuse (449 calls, or 54.9%) was financial abuse, which accounted for 818 (42.2%) of the 1,939 calls. Numerous abusers (149, 18.2%) and numerous abuse categories (188, 23.0%) were found in a sample of calls. The most frequent occurrence (65.6%) among the 93 calls was the co-occurrence of physical abuse and other types of abuse. Family members were the most frequently identified culprits, accounting for 309 calls, which is equivalent to 46.8% of the total. The characteristics of elder abuse are described in this study using the unique NCEA resource line, which is a primary data source. The authors argue that understanding elder abuse as a simple yes or no question, rather than recognizing its varying levels of frequency and severity, limits the ability to grasp this complex issue fully.

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